Background Insulin resistance （IR） plays an important pathophysiological role in the development of diabetes,dyslipidemia,hypertension,and cardiovascular disease.Moreover,IR can occur even in non-obese people withou...Background Insulin resistance （IR） plays an important pathophysiological role in the development of diabetes,dyslipidemia,hypertension,and cardiovascular disease.Moreover,IR can occur even in non-obese people without diabetes.However,direct detection of IR is complicated.In order to find a simple surrogate marker of IR early in nonobese people,we investigate the association of commonly-used biochemical markers （liver enzymes and lipid profiles） with IR in urban middle-aged and older non-obese Chinese without diabetes.Methods This cross-sectional study included 1 987 subjects （1 473 women）.Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of glucose,insulin,liver enzymes,lipid profiles and creatinine.Subjects whose homeostasis model of assessment-IR （HOMA-IR） index values exceeded the 75th percentile （2.67 for women and 2.48 for men） of the population were considered to have IR.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC） was used to compare the power of potential markers in identifying IR.Results Triglycerides （TG） and ratio of TG to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （TG/HDL-C） discriminated IR better than other indexes for both sexes; areas under the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves （AUC） values were 0.770 （95％ confidence interval 0.733-0.807） and 0.772 （0.736-0.809）,respectively,for women and 0.754 （0.664-0.844）and 0.756 （0.672-0.840）,respectively,for men.To identify IR,the optimal cut-offs for TG and TG/HDL-C ratio were 1.315 mmol/L （sensitivity 74.3％,specificity 71.0％） and 0.873 （sensitivity 70.1％,specificity 73.4％）,respectively,for women,and 1.275 mmol/L （sensitivity 66.7％,specificity 74.4％） and 0.812 （sensitivity 75.8％,specificity 69.2％）,respectively,for men.Conclusion TG and TG/HDL-C ratio could be used to identify IR in urban middle-aged and older non-obese Chinese without diabetes.展开更多
Background: Workers’ health condition is an important issue. It affects not only the well-being of workers but also the firms and society as a whole through medical costs and productivity losses due to absenteeism an...Background: Workers’ health condition is an important issue. It affects not only the well-being of workers but also the firms and society as a whole through medical costs and productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Data and Methods: Data were obtained from 1136 employees at an operational site of a large corporation. The dataset contained both medical checkups and working record information. Health factors affecting long-term absence (over three days in three months) were analyzed. Logistic regression models and the procedure for selecting proper covariates based on likelihood test statistics and the Akaike information criterion were used. Results: Among health factors, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and blood sugar levels were important in the selected model. For HDL-C, the odds ratio (OR) based on one standard deviation difference was 0.75 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.59 - 0.95. For blood sugar, the OR was 1.20 with a 95% CI of 1.01 - 1.42. Improving HDL-C and blood sugar levels would reduce long-term absence by 25% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: Controlling HDL-C and blood sugar levels is important to reduce long-term absenteeism. These factors can be improved by modifying eating habits. Since the operational site has its own company cafeterias, which most employees use, nutritional intervention is relatively easy with little or no cost. It may be worthwhile to implement nutritional intervention, especially for patients with low HDL-C or high blood sugar levels. Limitations: The results of this study were based on one operational site of a corporation. The employees were mainly operators working inside the building. The results may be different from other types of jobs and working conditions, such as fieldwork. Analyses of different types of jobs and working conditions are necessary.展开更多
Serum lipids were determined in 100 psoriatics and the results indicated (1) the incidences of hypercholesterolemia (9%) and hypertriglyceridemia (17%) in psoriatics were significantly higher than in controls; (2) the...Serum lipids were determined in 100 psoriatics and the results indicated (1) the incidences of hypercholesterolemia (9%) and hypertriglyceridemia (17%) in psoriatics were significantly higher than in controls; (2) the mean values of serum TC, LDL-C and TC/HDL-C in psoriatics were significantly higher as compared with normal healthy controls matched for sex and age; (3) serum TC, LDL-C and TG values were significantly higher in cases whose disease was progressive or whose lesions involved more than 20% of body surface area than in cases whose disease stationary or lesions less than 20%. As the incidences of hypertension and coronary heart disease were also significantly higher in psoriatics than in controls, the authors proposed that some integrated relationship would exist.展开更多
Objective To compare and rank the clinical effects of different acupuncture and related therapies on hyperlipidemia patients.Methods We used network meta-analysis(NMA)to evaluate direct and indirect effects in studies...Objective To compare and rank the clinical effects of different acupuncture and related therapies on hyperlipidemia patients.Methods We used network meta-analysis(NMA)to evaluate direct and indirect effects in studies of acupuncture and related therapies for hyperlipidemia.Databases PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,the China Biology Medicine(CBM),the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP)were searched to collect randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of acupuncture and related therapies in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.The data were analyzed using Stata 15.0 and WinBUGS 1.4.3 software after two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted the data,and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies.Results We analyzed a total of 36 eligible studies that included 3124 patients,involving 12 types of acupuncture and related therapies and comprehensive therapies.The results of the NMA showed that:for the total cholesterol(TC),acupoint catgut embedding(ACE),simple acupuncture(ACU),acupoint injection(AI),electroacupuncture(EA),western medicine of statins(WM),and combination of acupuncture and related therapies(combined therapies)were all more effective than placebo(P<0.05).For triacylglycerol(TG),ACU,EA,warming acupuncture(WA),WM and combined therapies were better than placebo(P<0.05),while WA was better than Chinese herb(CH)(P<0.05).For low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),combined therapies were more effective than lifestyle modification(LM)(P<0.05).For high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),auricular acupoint stimulation(AAS),ACE,ACU,AI,CH,EA,LM,moxibustion(MOX),WM,combined therapies and placebo were all worse than WA(P<0.05),while WM and combined therapies were better than ACU(P<0.05).Combined ranking results suggest that ACU and combined therapies may be the optimal intervention.Conclusions The efficacy of all kinds of acupuncture-related therapies in patients with hyperlipidemia is better than lifestyle changes.However,for different outcome indicators,all kinds of acupuncture-related therapies have their advantages and disadvantages,and comprehensive ranking results suggest that ACU and combined therapies may be the optimal intervention.展开更多
探讨D-柠檬烯(D-limonene)对大鼠酒精性肝损伤脂质代谢紊乱的保护作用及可能作用机制,利用持续酒精灌胃的方法建立大鼠酒精肝损伤模型,分为A、B、C、D、E、F、G共7组。A组为空白对照组,每日给予蒸馏水灌胃,前2周8 m L/(kg·d),后4周...探讨D-柠檬烯(D-limonene)对大鼠酒精性肝损伤脂质代谢紊乱的保护作用及可能作用机制,利用持续酒精灌胃的方法建立大鼠酒精肝损伤模型,分为A、B、C、D、E、F、G共7组。A组为空白对照组,每日给予蒸馏水灌胃,前2周8 m L/(kg·d),后4周12 m L/(kg·d);B组为酒精模型组,每日灌胃体积分数为50%的乙醇,前2周8 m L/(kg·d),后4周12 m L/(kg·d);C、D、E组分别为D-柠檬烯低、中、高剂量组,每日分别灌胃D-柠檬烯100、200、400 m L/(kg·d),其中D-柠檬烯与A、B组等量的50%的乙醇混合后灌胃;F组为水和D-柠檬烯空白高剂量组,每日给予D-柠檬烯400 m L/(kg·d);G组为甘利欣药物对照组,灌胃量200 m L/(kg·d)。HE染色和电镜观察肝组织形态结构和肝组织超微结构的变化,测定血清谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、碱性磷酸酶(phosoporic acid,ALP)、胆碱酯酶(cholinesterase,CHE)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、胆固醇(cholesterol,CHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)水平。结果电镜下观察到A组肝细胞结构正常,核呈圆形或椭圆,线粒体形态正常。B组肝细胞次级溶酶体数量增加,线粒体形状不规则,脂滴多。C组可见少量脂滴,高尔基体正常,线粒体清楚。D组少量脂滴,胆小管有内容物,线粒体正常。E组线粒体高尔基体正常,少量脂滴,核圆。F组细胞器无异常,少量脂滴。G组少量脂滴,偶见溶酶,体线粒体正常。B组大鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP、CHE、TG、CHO、LDL-C均高于空白对照组,差异显著(P<0.05);F组大鼠血清所测各指标与空白对照组无明显差异;而D-柠檬烯低、中、高剂量干预组和酒精模型组比较,血清所测各指标水平均有不同程度地降低,其中D-柠檬烯中、高剂量干预组血清所测各指标水平明显低于酒精模型组,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:过量酒精摄入引起的肝组织超微结构病理损伤与升高血清ALP、CHE、ALT、AST、TG、CHO、LDL-C水平,在D-柠檬烯干预下有所减轻和降低。因此,D-柠檬烯可调节过量酒精摄入造成的脂质代谢紊乱。展开更多
文摘Background Insulin resistance （IR） plays an important pathophysiological role in the development of diabetes,dyslipidemia,hypertension,and cardiovascular disease.Moreover,IR can occur even in non-obese people without diabetes.However,direct detection of IR is complicated.In order to find a simple surrogate marker of IR early in nonobese people,we investigate the association of commonly-used biochemical markers （liver enzymes and lipid profiles） with IR in urban middle-aged and older non-obese Chinese without diabetes.Methods This cross-sectional study included 1 987 subjects （1 473 women）.Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of glucose,insulin,liver enzymes,lipid profiles and creatinine.Subjects whose homeostasis model of assessment-IR （HOMA-IR） index values exceeded the 75th percentile （2.67 for women and 2.48 for men） of the population were considered to have IR.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC） was used to compare the power of potential markers in identifying IR.Results Triglycerides （TG） and ratio of TG to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （TG/HDL-C） discriminated IR better than other indexes for both sexes; areas under the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves （AUC） values were 0.770 （95％ confidence interval 0.733-0.807） and 0.772 （0.736-0.809）,respectively,for women and 0.754 （0.664-0.844）and 0.756 （0.672-0.840）,respectively,for men.To identify IR,the optimal cut-offs for TG and TG/HDL-C ratio were 1.315 mmol/L （sensitivity 74.3％,specificity 71.0％） and 0.873 （sensitivity 70.1％,specificity 73.4％）,respectively,for women,and 1.275 mmol/L （sensitivity 66.7％,specificity 74.4％） and 0.812 （sensitivity 75.8％,specificity 69.2％）,respectively,for men.Conclusion TG and TG/HDL-C ratio could be used to identify IR in urban middle-aged and older non-obese Chinese without diabetes.
文摘Background: Workers’ health condition is an important issue. It affects not only the well-being of workers but also the firms and society as a whole through medical costs and productivity losses due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Data and Methods: Data were obtained from 1136 employees at an operational site of a large corporation. The dataset contained both medical checkups and working record information. Health factors affecting long-term absence (over three days in three months) were analyzed. Logistic regression models and the procedure for selecting proper covariates based on likelihood test statistics and the Akaike information criterion were used. Results: Among health factors, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and blood sugar levels were important in the selected model. For HDL-C, the odds ratio (OR) based on one standard deviation difference was 0.75 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.59 - 0.95. For blood sugar, the OR was 1.20 with a 95% CI of 1.01 - 1.42. Improving HDL-C and blood sugar levels would reduce long-term absence by 25% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: Controlling HDL-C and blood sugar levels is important to reduce long-term absenteeism. These factors can be improved by modifying eating habits. Since the operational site has its own company cafeterias, which most employees use, nutritional intervention is relatively easy with little or no cost. It may be worthwhile to implement nutritional intervention, especially for patients with low HDL-C or high blood sugar levels. Limitations: The results of this study were based on one operational site of a corporation. The employees were mainly operators working inside the building. The results may be different from other types of jobs and working conditions, such as fieldwork. Analyses of different types of jobs and working conditions are necessary.
文摘Serum lipids were determined in 100 psoriatics and the results indicated (1) the incidences of hypercholesterolemia (9%) and hypertriglyceridemia (17%) in psoriatics were significantly higher than in controls; (2) the mean values of serum TC, LDL-C and TC/HDL-C in psoriatics were significantly higher as compared with normal healthy controls matched for sex and age; (3) serum TC, LDL-C and TG values were significantly higher in cases whose disease was progressive or whose lesions involved more than 20% of body surface area than in cases whose disease stationary or lesions less than 20%. As the incidences of hypertension and coronary heart disease were also significantly higher in psoriatics than in controls, the authors proposed that some integrated relationship would exist.
基金We thank for the funding support from the“Qihuang”Project on the Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine funded by National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.284,2018).
文摘Objective To compare and rank the clinical effects of different acupuncture and related therapies on hyperlipidemia patients.Methods We used network meta-analysis(NMA)to evaluate direct and indirect effects in studies of acupuncture and related therapies for hyperlipidemia.Databases PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,the China Biology Medicine(CBM),the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP)were searched to collect randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of acupuncture and related therapies in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.The data were analyzed using Stata 15.0 and WinBUGS 1.4.3 software after two researchers independently screened the literature,extracted the data,and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies.Results We analyzed a total of 36 eligible studies that included 3124 patients,involving 12 types of acupuncture and related therapies and comprehensive therapies.The results of the NMA showed that:for the total cholesterol(TC),acupoint catgut embedding(ACE),simple acupuncture(ACU),acupoint injection(AI),electroacupuncture(EA),western medicine of statins(WM),and combination of acupuncture and related therapies(combined therapies)were all more effective than placebo(P<0.05).For triacylglycerol(TG),ACU,EA,warming acupuncture(WA),WM and combined therapies were better than placebo(P<0.05),while WA was better than Chinese herb(CH)(P<0.05).For low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),combined therapies were more effective than lifestyle modification(LM)(P<0.05).For high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),auricular acupoint stimulation(AAS),ACE,ACU,AI,CH,EA,LM,moxibustion(MOX),WM,combined therapies and placebo were all worse than WA(P<0.05),while WM and combined therapies were better than ACU(P<0.05).Combined ranking results suggest that ACU and combined therapies may be the optimal intervention.Conclusions The efficacy of all kinds of acupuncture-related therapies in patients with hyperlipidemia is better than lifestyle changes.However,for different outcome indicators,all kinds of acupuncture-related therapies have their advantages and disadvantages,and comprehensive ranking results suggest that ACU and combined therapies may be the optimal intervention.
文摘探讨D-柠檬烯(D-limonene)对大鼠酒精性肝损伤脂质代谢紊乱的保护作用及可能作用机制,利用持续酒精灌胃的方法建立大鼠酒精肝损伤模型,分为A、B、C、D、E、F、G共7组。A组为空白对照组,每日给予蒸馏水灌胃,前2周8 m L/(kg·d),后4周12 m L/(kg·d);B组为酒精模型组,每日灌胃体积分数为50%的乙醇,前2周8 m L/(kg·d),后4周12 m L/(kg·d);C、D、E组分别为D-柠檬烯低、中、高剂量组,每日分别灌胃D-柠檬烯100、200、400 m L/(kg·d),其中D-柠檬烯与A、B组等量的50%的乙醇混合后灌胃;F组为水和D-柠檬烯空白高剂量组,每日给予D-柠檬烯400 m L/(kg·d);G组为甘利欣药物对照组,灌胃量200 m L/(kg·d)。HE染色和电镜观察肝组织形态结构和肝组织超微结构的变化,测定血清谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、碱性磷酸酶(phosoporic acid,ALP)、胆碱酯酶(cholinesterase,CHE)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、胆固醇(cholesterol,CHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)水平。结果电镜下观察到A组肝细胞结构正常,核呈圆形或椭圆,线粒体形态正常。B组肝细胞次级溶酶体数量增加,线粒体形状不规则,脂滴多。C组可见少量脂滴,高尔基体正常,线粒体清楚。D组少量脂滴,胆小管有内容物,线粒体正常。E组线粒体高尔基体正常,少量脂滴,核圆。F组细胞器无异常,少量脂滴。G组少量脂滴,偶见溶酶,体线粒体正常。B组大鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP、CHE、TG、CHO、LDL-C均高于空白对照组,差异显著(P<0.05);F组大鼠血清所测各指标与空白对照组无明显差异;而D-柠檬烯低、中、高剂量干预组和酒精模型组比较,血清所测各指标水平均有不同程度地降低,其中D-柠檬烯中、高剂量干预组血清所测各指标水平明显低于酒精模型组,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:过量酒精摄入引起的肝组织超微结构病理损伤与升高血清ALP、CHE、ALT、AST、TG、CHO、LDL-C水平,在D-柠檬烯干预下有所减轻和降低。因此,D-柠檬烯可调节过量酒精摄入造成的脂质代谢紊乱。
