d-Allulose, a rare sugar, exerts anti-obesity effects by inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis and promoting energy expenditure. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) consist of three medium-chain fatty acids connected by glycer...d-Allulose, a rare sugar, exerts anti-obesity effects by inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis and promoting energy expenditure. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) consist of three medium-chain fatty acids connected by glycerol. MCTs have been extensively investigated for their ability to reduce body fat accumulation. We previously investigated the anti-obesity effects of a combination of dietary d-allulose and MCT (5% - 13%) in rats;however, we could not confirm the anti-obesity effects of MCT or observed synergetic effects between d-allulose and MCT on body fat loss. We speculated that our previous studies were influenced by the excessive amount of MCT in the diets. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of the simultaneous intake of d-allulose and MCT in rats fed an obesity-inducing high-fat diet with a low amount of MCTs (2%). Thirty-two male Wistar rats (3-week-old) were randomly divided into four groups: control, d-allulose, MCT, and d-allulose + MCT groups. Rats in each group were fed ad libitum on a control (no d-Allulose or MCT), 5% d-allulose, 2% MCT, or 5% d-allulose + 2% MCT diets for 16 weeks. Abdominal adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in the d-allulose diet group than in the control group, whereas no differences were observed between results of the MCT-supplemented groups. The total body fat mass was significantly lower in the d-allulose and MCT diet groups than in the control group, but no differences were observed between the MCT-supplemented groups. These results suggested that anti-obesity effects of dietary d-allulose were observed, and the effects of dietary MCTs were weaker than those of d-allulose. Moreover, we confirmed the interaction between dietary d-allulose and MCT on indicators of obesity. Interestingly, their effects were not synergistic, as MCT supplementation offset the anti-obesity effects of dietary d-allulose. However, the specific mechanisms underlying those effects remain unknown, warranting further investigation.展开更多
There is an increasing attention on oxidative derivatives of triglycerides,a group of potential thermal processing induced food toxicants,which are formed during the thermal processing of food lipids.This review aims ...There is an increasing attention on oxidative derivatives of triglycerides,a group of potential thermal processing induced food toxicants,which are formed during the thermal processing of food lipids.This review aims to summarize current knowledge about their formation mechanisms,detection approaches,and toxicology impacts.Oxidative derivatives of triglycerides are generated through the oxidation,cyclization,polymerization,and hydrolysis of triglycerides under high-temperature and abundant oxygen.The analytical techniques,including GC,HPSEC,MS,^(1)H-NMR were discussed in analyzing these components.In addition,their toxic effects on human health,including effects on the liver,intestines,cardiovascular system,immune system,and metabolism were elucidated.Information in this review could be used to improve the understanding of oxidative derivatives of triglycerides and ultimately improve academic and industrial strategies for eliminating these compounds in thermal processing food systems.展开更多
为提高蛋清蛋白凝胶性,本研究以蛋清蛋白(Egg white protein,EWP)为研究对象,通过分析质构、持水率、分子作用力、傅里叶红外色谱、圆二色谱、粒径、电位、巯基含量、表面疏水力及扫描电镜的变化,探究超高压处理(Ultra-high pressure,U...为提高蛋清蛋白凝胶性,本研究以蛋清蛋白(Egg white protein,EWP)为研究对象,通过分析质构、持水率、分子作用力、傅里叶红外色谱、圆二色谱、粒径、电位、巯基含量、表面疏水力及扫描电镜的变化,探究超高压处理(Ultra-high pressure,UHP)、谷氨酰胺转胺酶处理(Transglutaminase,TG)及超高压协同TG酶处理(Ultra-high pressure synergistic Transglutaminase,UTG)的蛋清蛋白热诱导凝胶机理及结构的变化。结果表明:UHP-EWP、TG-EWP、UTG-EWP的硬度、弹性和持水性均有所提高,疏水相互作用力是维持凝胶的主要作用力;UHP-EWP、TG-EWP、UTG-EWP的α-螺旋含量均不同程度下降、β-折叠含量均上升;UHP-EWP的平均粒径值下降、电位绝对值下降,TG-EWP、UTG-EWP的变化与之相反;UHP-EWP、TG-EWP、UTG-EWP的游离巯基含量上升、总巯基含量下降、表面疏水性升高;凝胶结构更加致密光滑,平整度提高。本研究为蛋清蛋白热诱导凝胶改性提供了理论基础及研究思路。展开更多
Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the association between triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC)at baseline,and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)incidence in a general Chinese population.Further,it aime...Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the association between triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC)at baseline,and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)incidence in a general Chinese population.Further,it aimed to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to predict T2DM incidence.Methods Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program participants recruited between 2006 and 2009 were followed up in 2012–2015.TG,TC,and T2DM status were measured.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between TG,TC,and T2DM incidence.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to identify T2DM participants.Results The incidence of T2DM significantly increased with TG in women and TC in both men and women(Ptrend<0.05).Univariate Cox regression indicated that higher TG{borderline high TG[hazards ratio(HR):2.05;95%confidence interval(CI):1.40,3.00]and hypertriglyceridemia[HR:2.64;95%CI:1.68,4.15]}and TC[hypercholesterolemia(HR:2.05;95%CI:1.43,2.95)]were significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM incidence in women but not in men.Multivariate Cox regression showed that hypertriglyceridemia in women(HR:1.78,95%CI:1.07,2.97),borderline high TC in men(HR:1.61,95%CI:1.04,2.48),and hypercholesterolemia in women(HR:1.68,95%CI:1.81,2.61)had a higher significant risk of T2DM incidence.The optimal cutoff values of TG were>1.15 and>1.23 mmol/L in men and women,respectively.For TC,they were>5.17 and>5.77 mmol/L in men and women,respectively.The area under the ROCs of TG and TC were 0.54(0.51–0.57)and 0.55(0.52–0.58),respectively,in men,and 0.60(0.58–0.62)and 0.59(0.56–0.61),respectively,in women.Conclusion Elevated TG and TC were risk factors for T2DM incidence.However,no predictive capacity was found for both factors to identify T2DM incidence in Chinese men and women.Hence,TG and TC levels in both Chinese men and women might be used for decreasing the incidence of T2DM but no clinical predictive capacity for T2DM.展开更多
The purpose of this clinical trial was to delineate some of the negative consequences of high BMI on health and explore the possibility of a solution. We analysed the blood test results of nine overweight adults with ...The purpose of this clinical trial was to delineate some of the negative consequences of high BMI on health and explore the possibility of a solution. We analysed the blood test results of nine overweight adults with sedentary lifestyles, and an average BMI of 32.23. Results revealed a statistically significant reduction of visceral adipose tissue, very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides. Testosterone, leptin, IGF-1 and Free T3 increased within the normal range, juxtaposed by cortisol and ghrelin that declined, but without dipping into abnormality. These findings have important implications during the COVID-19 pandemic, where optimal immunity is deemed necessary in limiting susceptibility to the virus. Recent research indicates that weight gain often escalates vulnerability to respiratory track disturbances, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Consequently, pre-existing conditions increase COVID-19 mortality rates. CVD and diabetes emerge out of hormonal imbalances that involve Free T3, leptin, ghrelin, testosterone, and cortisol. Physical training is decidedly the most acclaimed solution, yet, the least implemented one, due to procrastination, or demoralization after investing constant exhaustive effort with no immediately visible physical change. COVID-19 confinement exacerbates the tendency for inactivity, and promotes stress-eating behaviours. Moreover, strenuous exercise, necessary for visceral fat reduction, results in a negative cortisol/testosterone relationship that provokes caloric consumption and inflammation. Offering an alternative to exercise that effectively improves health, boosts metabolism, and controls appetite, may serve as a proactive, and preventive method that can safeguard health.展开更多
The measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood by Z-scan technique is proposed.The nonlinear refractive index of cholesterol and triglycerides was found to vary linearly with concentration.Hence by calculat...The measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood by Z-scan technique is proposed.The nonlinear refractive index of cholesterol and triglycerides was found to vary linearly with concentration.Hence by calculating the nonlinear refractive index it is possible to measure their concentration in the sample.These measured values are found in equivalence with conventional colorimetric method.展开更多
In this article, we report the changes in serum triglyceride (TG) levels that occurred during repeated tail blood sampling using a mouse restrainer. We used three groups of mice, namely, “PBS-restrained” “PBS-unres...In this article, we report the changes in serum triglyceride (TG) levels that occurred during repeated tail blood sampling using a mouse restrainer. We used three groups of mice, namely, “PBS-restrained” “PBS-unrestrained” and “mock-restrained”. The mice in the PBS-restrained and PBS-unrestrained groups were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 100 mL PBS and tail blood sampling was performed at 1, 5, 8, 24, and 48 h after i.p. injection. For the mock-restrained group, no i.p. injection was performed whereas the subsequent tail blood sampling was similarly performed. During the tail blood sampling, the mice of the two “restrained” groups were placed inside the restrainer designed from an open-ended 50 mL conical tube. The blood from the mice in the PBS-unrestrained group mice was sampled from the tail held by the operator’s hands while being allowed to move on a stage. Strikingly, in all of the three groups, the serum TG level initially decreased to remarkably low levels (approximately 30 mg/dL) after several blood samplings were performed over 8 h. This decrease was followed by a 2 - 3-fold increase in the levels relative to that in the control mice in the subsequent 24 - 48 h time period. We concluded that the acute stress associated with blood sampling caused alterations in TG levels. Serum levels of free fatty acid showed only modest changes. Changes in TG levels were not associated with serum corticosterone levels but with a dramatic increase in CD36 transcript levels in the liver. The relevance of this finding to the previously reported release of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) from white fatty tissue into the plasma during acute stress is also discussed.展开更多
Streptomyces sp. ZZ035 isolated from a folk medicinal soil sample in China showed remarkable antimicrobial activities. During the isolation of secondary metabolites, a white crystal powder (1) was isolated from the br...Streptomyces sp. ZZ035 isolated from a folk medicinal soil sample in China showed remarkable antimicrobial activities. During the isolation of secondary metabolites, a white crystal powder (1) was isolated from the broth of this strain. Its nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectra indicated that it was a complex composed of triglycerides. Next, six C15-17 long- chain fatty acids derived from these triglycerides were respectively identified as n-pentadecanoyl, 12-methyltetradecanoyl, 14-methyl pentadecanoyl, palmitoyl, 15-methyl hexadecanoyl and 14-methyl hexadecanoyl using the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technology. Finally, the 13C and 1H assignments of 1 were achieved through the analyses of NMR data. Based on above, their detailed NMR spectroscopic elucidation and meticulous 13C, 1H assignments, especially the split peaks and coupling correlation of protons attached on the glycerol carbons, were performed for distinguishing triglycerides from other glycerides and for the identification of the long-chain fatty acids, and which would be helpful to the qualitative and quantitative analyses of tri-, di-and mono-glycerides.展开更多
Currently monoglyceride and diglyceride are representing important products, as they have numerous applications such as modifying agents in food and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, the production of these eco...Currently monoglyceride and diglyceride are representing important products, as they have numerous applications such as modifying agents in food and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, the production of these economically value added compounds by estrifying the fatty acids with the glycerol is presented. Effects of various reaction parameters were optimized to obtain high yield of mono, di- and triglycerids. The effects of temperature (180℃ to 260℃), ZnCl2 catalyst concentration (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%), glycerol to fatty acids molar ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 3:1), agitation speeds (200, 500, 1000 rpm), type of reaction system (opened and closed) and type of fatty acids including oleic and palmatic acids on esterification efficiency of fatty acids were investigated. The optimum conditions of esterification reaction were at temperature 195℃, molar ratio 1:1, amount of catalyst 0.3% Zncl2, and agitation 500 rpm. Analysis of yield showed that at the optimum conditions mondi and triglycerids were produced in high purity, up to 99%. Infrared spectroscopy IR and thin layer chromatograph TLC proved that the final product contains mono, di- and triglycerides.展开更多
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and it is a major cause of morbidity;several studies indicate that diabetes is a likely under reported cause of death. Chromium’s is important trace element to contro...Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and it is a major cause of morbidity;several studies indicate that diabetes is a likely under reported cause of death. Chromium’s is important trace element to control diabetes mellitus and metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between serum chromium, with HbA1c, Total cholesterol and Triglycerides among type 2 diabetes patients among diabetic patients. Methodology: This is cross-sectional study done in Jabber Abu Ezz Centre for treatment and care of diabetics in Khartoum—Sudan. Four hundred subjects were enrolled in this study;one hundred subjects were normal healthy as control group, and three hundred subjects diabetic patient type 2 as test group;demographic and biochemical data were collected;serum chromium, Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), Total cholesterol Triglycerides, were determined by using NYCOCARD READER II, spectrophotometer (Biosystem 310) and spectrophotometer 210-VGP. Result: In this study there is significant parameters level means of FBS HbA1c, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Chromium of the test groups when compared with healthy control groups subjects (P = 0.001, 0.018, 0.01, 0.011, 0.004), respectively. Significant negative correlation is between FBS, HbA1c, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Chromium (r = ?0.555, P value = 0.003), (r = ?0.668, P value = 0.002), (r = ?0.335, P value = 0.004) and (r = ?0.774, P value = 0.002) respectively. Conclusion: There was significant correlation between serum Chromium level with fasting blood sugaer, Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), Total cholesterol and Triglycerides among type 2 diabetes patients.展开更多
Hypertriglyceridemia is the third leading cause of acute pancreatitis(AP),and its incidence is increasing.Due to its relatively insidious etiology,it is easy to be ignored in the early stages.In China,Chaiqin Chengqi ...Hypertriglyceridemia is the third leading cause of acute pancreatitis(AP),and its incidence is increasing.Due to its relatively insidious etiology,it is easy to be ignored in the early stages.In China,Chaiqin Chengqi Decoction(CQCQD)has long been employed for treating AP.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of CQCQD in patients diagnosed with mild/moderately severe hypertriglyceridemic AP(HTG-AP).METHODS In this study,the clinical data of 39 patients with HTG-AP admitted from January 2019 to November 2022 were collected.The changes of blood lipids,gastrointestinal symptoms,and abdominal pain before and after treatment were analyzed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS Twenty patients were treated with the conventional HTG-AP regimen,and 19 patients were additionally treated with CQCQD.After receiving treatment,the triglycerides(TG)level of the CQCQD group was lower than that of the CQCQD group(3.14±0.25 mmol/L vs 4.96±0.47 mmol/L,P<0.01).After 3 d of treatment,the patients in the CQCQD group had more bowel movements than the control group(2.51±0.25 times vs 1.00±0.17 times,P=0.01).The gastrointestinal function of most patients returned to normal,and the acute gastrointestinal injury score was significantly lower than that of the control group(0.11±0.07 vs 0.42±0.11,P<0.01).CONCLUSION In patients with HTG-AP,CQCQD can significantly reduce the TG level,shorten the recovery time of defecation,significantly improve the gastrointestinal function.展开更多
海底充油电缆的安全稳定运行至关重要,但内部的十二烷基苯(DDB)绝缘油在热故障导致的局部高温下会快速热解和产气。基于反应分子动力学模拟(Reax FF-MD)和热重-红外光谱(TG-IR)实验,对十二烷基苯绝缘油的热解和产气过程进行探究。热解...海底充油电缆的安全稳定运行至关重要,但内部的十二烷基苯(DDB)绝缘油在热故障导致的局部高温下会快速热解和产气。基于反应分子动力学模拟(Reax FF-MD)和热重-红外光谱(TG-IR)实验,对十二烷基苯绝缘油的热解和产气过程进行探究。热解模拟结果表明:十二烷基苯分子初始裂解反应主要为C—C键的断裂产生长链大分子,后逐渐热解产生小烷基自由基和烯烃分子,DDB最终会热解为侧链为·C_(2)H_(5)、·CH_(3)和·C_(3)H_(7)基团的短链烷基苯分子。热解过程中主要特征气体为C_(2)H_(4)、H_(2)、CH_(4),与IR实验结果相同,特征气体生成的主要反应机理分别为:β位C—C键的断裂、加氢反应和脱氢反应;·H自由基攻击其他自由基上的H原子;甲基自由基(·CH_(3))与游离的氢(·H)自由基反应。动力学结果表明TG实验与Reax FF-MD的活化能分别为86.606 k J/mol以及99.867 k J/mol,相近的活化能进一步验证了仿真结果的合理性。研究结论为深入了解十二烷基苯绝缘油的裂解和产气机理提供了理论支持。展开更多
文摘d-Allulose, a rare sugar, exerts anti-obesity effects by inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis and promoting energy expenditure. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) consist of three medium-chain fatty acids connected by glycerol. MCTs have been extensively investigated for their ability to reduce body fat accumulation. We previously investigated the anti-obesity effects of a combination of dietary d-allulose and MCT (5% - 13%) in rats;however, we could not confirm the anti-obesity effects of MCT or observed synergetic effects between d-allulose and MCT on body fat loss. We speculated that our previous studies were influenced by the excessive amount of MCT in the diets. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of the simultaneous intake of d-allulose and MCT in rats fed an obesity-inducing high-fat diet with a low amount of MCTs (2%). Thirty-two male Wistar rats (3-week-old) were randomly divided into four groups: control, d-allulose, MCT, and d-allulose + MCT groups. Rats in each group were fed ad libitum on a control (no d-Allulose or MCT), 5% d-allulose, 2% MCT, or 5% d-allulose + 2% MCT diets for 16 weeks. Abdominal adipose tissue weights were significantly lower in the d-allulose diet group than in the control group, whereas no differences were observed between results of the MCT-supplemented groups. The total body fat mass was significantly lower in the d-allulose and MCT diet groups than in the control group, but no differences were observed between the MCT-supplemented groups. These results suggested that anti-obesity effects of dietary d-allulose were observed, and the effects of dietary MCTs were weaker than those of d-allulose. Moreover, we confirmed the interaction between dietary d-allulose and MCT on indicators of obesity. Interestingly, their effects were not synergistic, as MCT supplementation offset the anti-obesity effects of dietary d-allulose. However, the specific mechanisms underlying those effects remain unknown, warranting further investigation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.32272426).
文摘There is an increasing attention on oxidative derivatives of triglycerides,a group of potential thermal processing induced food toxicants,which are formed during the thermal processing of food lipids.This review aims to summarize current knowledge about their formation mechanisms,detection approaches,and toxicology impacts.Oxidative derivatives of triglycerides are generated through the oxidation,cyclization,polymerization,and hydrolysis of triglycerides under high-temperature and abundant oxygen.The analytical techniques,including GC,HPSEC,MS,^(1)H-NMR were discussed in analyzing these components.In addition,their toxic effects on human health,including effects on the liver,intestines,cardiovascular system,immune system,and metabolism were elucidated.Information in this review could be used to improve the understanding of oxidative derivatives of triglycerides and ultimately improve academic and industrial strategies for eliminating these compounds in thermal processing food systems.
基金supported by grants from Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program and World Diabetes Foundation[WDF05–108 and WDF07–308]Qingdao Science & Technology department program [19-6-1-5-nsh]+1 种基金Qingdao Outstanding Health Professional Development FundQingdao Medical Research Guidance Program in 2017 [2017-WJZD129 and 2017-WJZD134]
文摘Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the association between triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC)at baseline,and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)incidence in a general Chinese population.Further,it aimed to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to predict T2DM incidence.Methods Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program participants recruited between 2006 and 2009 were followed up in 2012–2015.TG,TC,and T2DM status were measured.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between TG,TC,and T2DM incidence.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to identify T2DM participants.Results The incidence of T2DM significantly increased with TG in women and TC in both men and women(Ptrend<0.05).Univariate Cox regression indicated that higher TG{borderline high TG[hazards ratio(HR):2.05;95%confidence interval(CI):1.40,3.00]and hypertriglyceridemia[HR:2.64;95%CI:1.68,4.15]}and TC[hypercholesterolemia(HR:2.05;95%CI:1.43,2.95)]were significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM incidence in women but not in men.Multivariate Cox regression showed that hypertriglyceridemia in women(HR:1.78,95%CI:1.07,2.97),borderline high TC in men(HR:1.61,95%CI:1.04,2.48),and hypercholesterolemia in women(HR:1.68,95%CI:1.81,2.61)had a higher significant risk of T2DM incidence.The optimal cutoff values of TG were>1.15 and>1.23 mmol/L in men and women,respectively.For TC,they were>5.17 and>5.77 mmol/L in men and women,respectively.The area under the ROCs of TG and TC were 0.54(0.51–0.57)and 0.55(0.52–0.58),respectively,in men,and 0.60(0.58–0.62)and 0.59(0.56–0.61),respectively,in women.Conclusion Elevated TG and TC were risk factors for T2DM incidence.However,no predictive capacity was found for both factors to identify T2DM incidence in Chinese men and women.Hence,TG and TC levels in both Chinese men and women might be used for decreasing the incidence of T2DM but no clinical predictive capacity for T2DM.
文摘The purpose of this clinical trial was to delineate some of the negative consequences of high BMI on health and explore the possibility of a solution. We analysed the blood test results of nine overweight adults with sedentary lifestyles, and an average BMI of 32.23. Results revealed a statistically significant reduction of visceral adipose tissue, very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides. Testosterone, leptin, IGF-1 and Free T3 increased within the normal range, juxtaposed by cortisol and ghrelin that declined, but without dipping into abnormality. These findings have important implications during the COVID-19 pandemic, where optimal immunity is deemed necessary in limiting susceptibility to the virus. Recent research indicates that weight gain often escalates vulnerability to respiratory track disturbances, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Consequently, pre-existing conditions increase COVID-19 mortality rates. CVD and diabetes emerge out of hormonal imbalances that involve Free T3, leptin, ghrelin, testosterone, and cortisol. Physical training is decidedly the most acclaimed solution, yet, the least implemented one, due to procrastination, or demoralization after investing constant exhaustive effort with no immediately visible physical change. COVID-19 confinement exacerbates the tendency for inactivity, and promotes stress-eating behaviours. Moreover, strenuous exercise, necessary for visceral fat reduction, results in a negative cortisol/testosterone relationship that provokes caloric consumption and inflammation. Offering an alternative to exercise that effectively improves health, boosts metabolism, and controls appetite, may serve as a proactive, and preventive method that can safeguard health.
文摘The measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood by Z-scan technique is proposed.The nonlinear refractive index of cholesterol and triglycerides was found to vary linearly with concentration.Hence by calculating the nonlinear refractive index it is possible to measure their concentration in the sample.These measured values are found in equivalence with conventional colorimetric method.
文摘In this article, we report the changes in serum triglyceride (TG) levels that occurred during repeated tail blood sampling using a mouse restrainer. We used three groups of mice, namely, “PBS-restrained” “PBS-unrestrained” and “mock-restrained”. The mice in the PBS-restrained and PBS-unrestrained groups were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 100 mL PBS and tail blood sampling was performed at 1, 5, 8, 24, and 48 h after i.p. injection. For the mock-restrained group, no i.p. injection was performed whereas the subsequent tail blood sampling was similarly performed. During the tail blood sampling, the mice of the two “restrained” groups were placed inside the restrainer designed from an open-ended 50 mL conical tube. The blood from the mice in the PBS-unrestrained group mice was sampled from the tail held by the operator’s hands while being allowed to move on a stage. Strikingly, in all of the three groups, the serum TG level initially decreased to remarkably low levels (approximately 30 mg/dL) after several blood samplings were performed over 8 h. This decrease was followed by a 2 - 3-fold increase in the levels relative to that in the control mice in the subsequent 24 - 48 h time period. We concluded that the acute stress associated with blood sampling caused alterations in TG levels. Serum levels of free fatty acid showed only modest changes. Changes in TG levels were not associated with serum corticosterone levels but with a dramatic increase in CD36 transcript levels in the liver. The relevance of this finding to the previously reported release of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) from white fatty tissue into the plasma during acute stress is also discussed.
文摘Streptomyces sp. ZZ035 isolated from a folk medicinal soil sample in China showed remarkable antimicrobial activities. During the isolation of secondary metabolites, a white crystal powder (1) was isolated from the broth of this strain. Its nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectra indicated that it was a complex composed of triglycerides. Next, six C15-17 long- chain fatty acids derived from these triglycerides were respectively identified as n-pentadecanoyl, 12-methyltetradecanoyl, 14-methyl pentadecanoyl, palmitoyl, 15-methyl hexadecanoyl and 14-methyl hexadecanoyl using the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technology. Finally, the 13C and 1H assignments of 1 were achieved through the analyses of NMR data. Based on above, their detailed NMR spectroscopic elucidation and meticulous 13C, 1H assignments, especially the split peaks and coupling correlation of protons attached on the glycerol carbons, were performed for distinguishing triglycerides from other glycerides and for the identification of the long-chain fatty acids, and which would be helpful to the qualitative and quantitative analyses of tri-, di-and mono-glycerides.
文摘Currently monoglyceride and diglyceride are representing important products, as they have numerous applications such as modifying agents in food and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, the production of these economically value added compounds by estrifying the fatty acids with the glycerol is presented. Effects of various reaction parameters were optimized to obtain high yield of mono, di- and triglycerids. The effects of temperature (180℃ to 260℃), ZnCl2 catalyst concentration (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%), glycerol to fatty acids molar ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 3:1), agitation speeds (200, 500, 1000 rpm), type of reaction system (opened and closed) and type of fatty acids including oleic and palmatic acids on esterification efficiency of fatty acids were investigated. The optimum conditions of esterification reaction were at temperature 195℃, molar ratio 1:1, amount of catalyst 0.3% Zncl2, and agitation 500 rpm. Analysis of yield showed that at the optimum conditions mondi and triglycerids were produced in high purity, up to 99%. Infrared spectroscopy IR and thin layer chromatograph TLC proved that the final product contains mono, di- and triglycerides.
文摘Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and it is a major cause of morbidity;several studies indicate that diabetes is a likely under reported cause of death. Chromium’s is important trace element to control diabetes mellitus and metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between serum chromium, with HbA1c, Total cholesterol and Triglycerides among type 2 diabetes patients among diabetic patients. Methodology: This is cross-sectional study done in Jabber Abu Ezz Centre for treatment and care of diabetics in Khartoum—Sudan. Four hundred subjects were enrolled in this study;one hundred subjects were normal healthy as control group, and three hundred subjects diabetic patient type 2 as test group;demographic and biochemical data were collected;serum chromium, Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), Total cholesterol Triglycerides, were determined by using NYCOCARD READER II, spectrophotometer (Biosystem 310) and spectrophotometer 210-VGP. Result: In this study there is significant parameters level means of FBS HbA1c, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Chromium of the test groups when compared with healthy control groups subjects (P = 0.001, 0.018, 0.01, 0.011, 0.004), respectively. Significant negative correlation is between FBS, HbA1c, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Chromium (r = ?0.555, P value = 0.003), (r = ?0.668, P value = 0.002), (r = ?0.335, P value = 0.004) and (r = ?0.774, P value = 0.002) respectively. Conclusion: There was significant correlation between serum Chromium level with fasting blood sugaer, Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), Total cholesterol and Triglycerides among type 2 diabetes patients.
基金The Hangzhou Science and Technology Bureau,No.B20230285.
文摘Hypertriglyceridemia is the third leading cause of acute pancreatitis(AP),and its incidence is increasing.Due to its relatively insidious etiology,it is easy to be ignored in the early stages.In China,Chaiqin Chengqi Decoction(CQCQD)has long been employed for treating AP.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of CQCQD in patients diagnosed with mild/moderately severe hypertriglyceridemic AP(HTG-AP).METHODS In this study,the clinical data of 39 patients with HTG-AP admitted from January 2019 to November 2022 were collected.The changes of blood lipids,gastrointestinal symptoms,and abdominal pain before and after treatment were analyzed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS Twenty patients were treated with the conventional HTG-AP regimen,and 19 patients were additionally treated with CQCQD.After receiving treatment,the triglycerides(TG)level of the CQCQD group was lower than that of the CQCQD group(3.14±0.25 mmol/L vs 4.96±0.47 mmol/L,P<0.01).After 3 d of treatment,the patients in the CQCQD group had more bowel movements than the control group(2.51±0.25 times vs 1.00±0.17 times,P=0.01).The gastrointestinal function of most patients returned to normal,and the acute gastrointestinal injury score was significantly lower than that of the control group(0.11±0.07 vs 0.42±0.11,P<0.01).CONCLUSION In patients with HTG-AP,CQCQD can significantly reduce the TG level,shorten the recovery time of defecation,significantly improve the gastrointestinal function.
文摘海底充油电缆的安全稳定运行至关重要,但内部的十二烷基苯(DDB)绝缘油在热故障导致的局部高温下会快速热解和产气。基于反应分子动力学模拟(Reax FF-MD)和热重-红外光谱(TG-IR)实验,对十二烷基苯绝缘油的热解和产气过程进行探究。热解模拟结果表明:十二烷基苯分子初始裂解反应主要为C—C键的断裂产生长链大分子,后逐渐热解产生小烷基自由基和烯烃分子,DDB最终会热解为侧链为·C_(2)H_(5)、·CH_(3)和·C_(3)H_(7)基团的短链烷基苯分子。热解过程中主要特征气体为C_(2)H_(4)、H_(2)、CH_(4),与IR实验结果相同,特征气体生成的主要反应机理分别为:β位C—C键的断裂、加氢反应和脱氢反应;·H自由基攻击其他自由基上的H原子;甲基自由基(·CH_(3))与游离的氢(·H)自由基反应。动力学结果表明TG实验与Reax FF-MD的活化能分别为86.606 k J/mol以及99.867 k J/mol,相近的活化能进一步验证了仿真结果的合理性。研究结论为深入了解十二烷基苯绝缘油的裂解和产气机理提供了理论支持。
