Nano-sized trinitrotoluene(TNT) material restrained in silica gel has been prepared by using the sol-gel process to study the effect of varying porosity in gel on the sensitivity of TNT. The TNT content in the gel has...Nano-sized trinitrotoluene(TNT) material restrained in silica gel has been prepared by using the sol-gel process to study the effect of varying porosity in gel on the sensitivity of TNT. The TNT content in the gel has been varied from 60 to 90 wt %(at fixed acetone/tetramethoxysilane ratio of 50). Also, for a fixed TNT content of 75 wt %, the pore structure in the gel has been varied by changing the ratio of silica gel precursor to the solvent. The resultant TNT–silica gel composites have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, small angle X-ray scattering and surface area analysis techniques. Impact sensitivity studies were carried out using Fall Hammer Impact Test. The results showed that the sensitivity of nanostructured explosives prepared by sol-gel process can be tailored precisely by controlling the process parameters.展开更多
为了进一步提高Bi_(2)GeO_(5)的催化活性,为炸药废水实际处理提供可借鉴的方法,采用一步溶剂热法,以一定比例的水和二乙醇胺混合物为溶剂,AgNO_(3)为Ag源,用Ag修饰Bi_(2)GeO_(5)纳米粒子,制备Ag修饰的Bi_(2)GeO_(5)光催化剂。利用X射线...为了进一步提高Bi_(2)GeO_(5)的催化活性,为炸药废水实际处理提供可借鉴的方法,采用一步溶剂热法,以一定比例的水和二乙醇胺混合物为溶剂,AgNO_(3)为Ag源,用Ag修饰Bi_(2)GeO_(5)纳米粒子,制备Ag修饰的Bi_(2)GeO_(5)光催化剂。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、N_(2)吸附-脱附和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对所制备的复合光催化剂进行表征,随后通过降解TNT试验测试所制备复合材料的光催化性能,评估了不同配比的Ag修饰对Bi_(2)GeO_(5)光催化剂所制备产物的光催化活性的影响。结果表明,0.1 g Ag修饰的Bi_(2)GeO_(5)光降解TNT的性能要优于其他比例修饰的Bi_(2)GeO_(5),在25 min内光催化降解率达到94%,TNT几乎被完全降解。适量Ag修饰提高了Bi_(2)GeO_(5)光催化剂的电荷分离和转移。展开更多
Energetic materials pose challenges in preparation and handling due to their contradictory properties of high-energy and low-sensitivity.The emergence of co-crystal explosives is a new opportunity to change this situa...Energetic materials pose challenges in preparation and handling due to their contradictory properties of high-energy and low-sensitivity.The emergence of co-crystal explosives is a new opportunity to change this situation.If the co-crystal explosive is coated into spherical particles with uniform particle size distribution,this contradiction can be further reduced.Therefore,binder-coated hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane/2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(CL-20/TNT)co-crystal microspheres were prepared by droplet microfluidic technology in this work.The coating effects of different binder formulations of nitrocellulose(NC)and NC/fluorine rubber(F2604)on the co-crystal spheres were studied.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM)results showed that the use of droplet microfluidic technology with the above binders can provide co-crystal microspheres with regular spherical morphology,uniform particle size distribution and good dispersion.X-ray diffraction(XRD),fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and thermo-gravimetric(TG)methods were employed to compare the properties of the co-crystal microspheres,raw material and pure co-crystal.The formation of CL-20/TNT co-crystal in the microspheres was confirmed,and the co-crystal microspheres exhibited better thermal stability than the raw material and pure co-crystal.In addition,the mechanical sensitivity and combustion performance of the co-crystal microspheres were further studied.The results showed that the co-crystal microspheres were more insensitive than CL-20 and pure co-crystal,and displayed excellent self-sustained combustion performance and theoretical detonation performance.This study provides a new method for the fast,simple and one-step preparation of CL-20/TNT co-crystal microspheres,with binder coating,uniform particle size distribution,and excellent performance level.展开更多
目的评估300 kg TNT药柱静爆后对不同距离范围内绵羊的毁伤情况并探究致伤规律,为药柱生物毁伤效应评估及防治救护提供依据。方法将14只绵羊随机编号后布放于距TNT药柱不同距离的左右两侧(17.0、20.0、23.5、27.0、33.5、40.0、53.5 m)...目的评估300 kg TNT药柱静爆后对不同距离范围内绵羊的毁伤情况并探究致伤规律,为药柱生物毁伤效应评估及防治救护提供依据。方法将14只绵羊随机编号后布放于距TNT药柱不同距离的左右两侧(17.0、20.0、23.5、27.0、33.5、40.0、53.5 m),静爆后现场观察绵羊的存活状况、受伤情况、解剖后组织器官损伤情况,并根据相关标准综合评估伤情。结果绵羊现场死亡率为14.3%,现场死亡边界为23.5 m,随离爆点距离增加,绵羊所受损伤减小、伤情减轻。静爆后绵羊主要受损的组织或器官为耳鼓膜、肺、气管、肢体和心脏。结论TNT静爆对绵羊的损伤随离爆点距离增大而减小。损伤形式主要为由冲击伤、破片伤共同构成的复合伤,肺、心的损伤是绵羊死亡的主要原因,应增强爆炸前对肺、心器官的防护。展开更多
Phytoremediation is a viable,effective,and economically attractive technology that uses plants to remove chemical contaminants from soil and groundwater.A major munitions contaminant,TNT(2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene)can be r...Phytoremediation is a viable,effective,and economically attractive technology that uses plants to remove chemical contaminants from soil and groundwater.A major munitions contaminant,TNT(2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene)can be remediated by several plants such as Myriophyllum aquaticum(Parrot Feather),and Catharanthus roseus.This study focuses on screening plants that have natural antioxidant phytochemicals for their ability to remediate TNT,and heavy metals from contaminated water sources,groundwater and soil.Three kinds of bell peppers,Capsicum frutescens(green,red,and yellow),which contain both the antioxidant phytochemicals(carotene and vitamin C)and tomato,which also contains vitamin C,were tested to confirm their antioxidizing and remediation abilities respectively.Results for remediation abilities were analyzed by HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography).Results also suggested that plants which had antioxidant properties were also able to remediate TNT and heavy metals effectively,thereby suggesting a possible correlation between antioxidant and phytoremediation abilities of the plants studied.展开更多
文摘Nano-sized trinitrotoluene(TNT) material restrained in silica gel has been prepared by using the sol-gel process to study the effect of varying porosity in gel on the sensitivity of TNT. The TNT content in the gel has been varied from 60 to 90 wt %(at fixed acetone/tetramethoxysilane ratio of 50). Also, for a fixed TNT content of 75 wt %, the pore structure in the gel has been varied by changing the ratio of silica gel precursor to the solvent. The resultant TNT–silica gel composites have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, small angle X-ray scattering and surface area analysis techniques. Impact sensitivity studies were carried out using Fall Hammer Impact Test. The results showed that the sensitivity of nanostructured explosives prepared by sol-gel process can be tailored precisely by controlling the process parameters.
文摘为了进一步提高Bi_(2)GeO_(5)的催化活性,为炸药废水实际处理提供可借鉴的方法,采用一步溶剂热法,以一定比例的水和二乙醇胺混合物为溶剂,AgNO_(3)为Ag源,用Ag修饰Bi_(2)GeO_(5)纳米粒子,制备Ag修饰的Bi_(2)GeO_(5)光催化剂。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、N_(2)吸附-脱附和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对所制备的复合光催化剂进行表征,随后通过降解TNT试验测试所制备复合材料的光催化性能,评估了不同配比的Ag修饰对Bi_(2)GeO_(5)光催化剂所制备产物的光催化活性的影响。结果表明,0.1 g Ag修饰的Bi_(2)GeO_(5)光降解TNT的性能要优于其他比例修饰的Bi_(2)GeO_(5),在25 min内光催化降解率达到94%,TNT几乎被完全降解。适量Ag修饰提高了Bi_(2)GeO_(5)光催化剂的电荷分离和转移。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22005275)to provide fund for conducting experiments。
文摘Energetic materials pose challenges in preparation and handling due to their contradictory properties of high-energy and low-sensitivity.The emergence of co-crystal explosives is a new opportunity to change this situation.If the co-crystal explosive is coated into spherical particles with uniform particle size distribution,this contradiction can be further reduced.Therefore,binder-coated hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane/2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(CL-20/TNT)co-crystal microspheres were prepared by droplet microfluidic technology in this work.The coating effects of different binder formulations of nitrocellulose(NC)and NC/fluorine rubber(F2604)on the co-crystal spheres were studied.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM)results showed that the use of droplet microfluidic technology with the above binders can provide co-crystal microspheres with regular spherical morphology,uniform particle size distribution and good dispersion.X-ray diffraction(XRD),fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and thermo-gravimetric(TG)methods were employed to compare the properties of the co-crystal microspheres,raw material and pure co-crystal.The formation of CL-20/TNT co-crystal in the microspheres was confirmed,and the co-crystal microspheres exhibited better thermal stability than the raw material and pure co-crystal.In addition,the mechanical sensitivity and combustion performance of the co-crystal microspheres were further studied.The results showed that the co-crystal microspheres were more insensitive than CL-20 and pure co-crystal,and displayed excellent self-sustained combustion performance and theoretical detonation performance.This study provides a new method for the fast,simple and one-step preparation of CL-20/TNT co-crystal microspheres,with binder coating,uniform particle size distribution,and excellent performance level.
文摘目的评估300 kg TNT药柱静爆后对不同距离范围内绵羊的毁伤情况并探究致伤规律,为药柱生物毁伤效应评估及防治救护提供依据。方法将14只绵羊随机编号后布放于距TNT药柱不同距离的左右两侧(17.0、20.0、23.5、27.0、33.5、40.0、53.5 m),静爆后现场观察绵羊的存活状况、受伤情况、解剖后组织器官损伤情况,并根据相关标准综合评估伤情。结果绵羊现场死亡率为14.3%,现场死亡边界为23.5 m,随离爆点距离增加,绵羊所受损伤减小、伤情减轻。静爆后绵羊主要受损的组织或器官为耳鼓膜、肺、气管、肢体和心脏。结论TNT静爆对绵羊的损伤随离爆点距离增大而减小。损伤形式主要为由冲击伤、破片伤共同构成的复合伤,肺、心的损伤是绵羊死亡的主要原因,应增强爆炸前对肺、心器官的防护。
文摘Phytoremediation is a viable,effective,and economically attractive technology that uses plants to remove chemical contaminants from soil and groundwater.A major munitions contaminant,TNT(2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene)can be remediated by several plants such as Myriophyllum aquaticum(Parrot Feather),and Catharanthus roseus.This study focuses on screening plants that have natural antioxidant phytochemicals for their ability to remediate TNT,and heavy metals from contaminated water sources,groundwater and soil.Three kinds of bell peppers,Capsicum frutescens(green,red,and yellow),which contain both the antioxidant phytochemicals(carotene and vitamin C)and tomato,which also contains vitamin C,were tested to confirm their antioxidizing and remediation abilities respectively.Results for remediation abilities were analyzed by HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography).Results also suggested that plants which had antioxidant properties were also able to remediate TNT and heavy metals effectively,thereby suggesting a possible correlation between antioxidant and phytoremediation abilities of the plants studied.
