AHermitian C^(2) Differential Reproducing Kernel Interpolation Meshless Method for the 3D Microstructure-Dependent Static Flexural Analysis of Simply Supported and Functionally Graded Microplates

This work develops a Hermitian C^(2) differential reproducing kernel interpolation meshless(DRKIM)method within the consistent couple stress theory(CCST)framework to study the three-dimensional(3D)microstructuredependent static flexural behavior of a functionally graded(FG)microplate subjected to mechanical loads and placed under full simple supports.In the formulation,we select the transverse stress and displacement components and their first-and second-order derivatives as primary variables.Then,we set up the differential reproducing conditions(DRCs)to obtain the shape functions of the Hermitian C^(2) differential reproducing kernel(DRK)interpolant’s derivatives without using direct differentiation.The interpolant’s shape function is combined with a primitive function that possesses Kronecker delta properties and an enrichment function that constituents DRCs.As a result,the primary variables and their first-and second-order derivatives satisfy the nodal interpolation properties.Subsequently,incorporating ourHermitianC^(2)DRKinterpolant intothe strong formof the3DCCST,we develop a DRKIM method to analyze the FG microplate’s 3D microstructure-dependent static flexural behavior.The Hermitian C^(2) DRKIM method is confirmed to be accurate and fast in its convergence rate by comparing the solutions it produces with the relevant 3D solutions available in the literature.Finally,the impact of essential factors on the transverse stresses,in-plane stresses,displacements,and couple stresses that are induced in the loaded microplate is examined.These factors include the length-to-thickness ratio,the material length-scale parameter,and the inhomogeneity index,which appear to be significant.

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence of lead-free cesium tin halide perovskite microplates

Tin halide perovskites recently have attracted extensive research attention due to their similar electronic and band structures but non-toxicity compared with their lead analogues. In this work, we prepare high-quality CsSnX_(3)(X=Br,I) microplates with lateral sizes of around 1–4 μm by chemical vapor deposition and investigate their low-temperature photoluminescence(PL) properties. A remarkable splitting of PL peaks of the CsSnBr_(3)microplate is observed at low temperatures. Besides the possible structural phase transition at below 70 K, the multi-peak fittings using Gauss functions and the power-dependent saturation phenomenon suggest that the PL could also be influenced by the conversion from the emission of bound excitons into free excitons. With the increase of temperature, the peak position shows a blueshift tendency for CsSnI_(3), which is governed by thermal expansion. However, the peak position of the CsSnBr3microplate exhibits a transition from redshift to blueshift at ~160 K. The full width at half maximum of CsSnX_(3)broadens with increasing temperature, and the fitting results imply that longitudinal optical phonons dominate the electron–phonon coupling and the coupling strength is much more robust in CsSnBr3than in CsSnI_(3). The PL intensity of CsSnX_(3)microplates is suppressed due to the enhanced non-radiative relaxation and exciton dissociation competing with radiative recombination. According to the Arrhenius law, the exciton binding energy of CsSnBr_(3)is ~38.4 meV, slightly smaller than that of CsSnI_(3).

A new method for determination of antithrombotic activity of egg white protein hydrolysate by microplate reader

A new method for the determination of antithrombotic activity of egg white protein hydrolysate （EWPH） was developed using a microplate reader. Reaction was carried out at 37℃and pH 7.2 with fibrinogen concentration 0.1%. Microplate reading was conducted at 405 nm. Inhibition rate of EWPH on thrombin activity showed linearity （R2 = 0.9971）, when the inhibition rate was in the range of 10-90%. The lower limit of detection （LLD, at 99.7% probability） and the biological limit of detection （BLD, at 99.7% probability） of the method were 10.643 and 40 mg/mL, respectively. The repeatability standard deviation （R.S.D.） was 1.08%. The standard deviation of the method was ±0.027 AT-U.

Fast Detection of Auxins by Microplate Technique

Plant growth promotion indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most abundant natural auxin that plays diverse roles in plant growth, development and plant immunity. Perturbing auxin homeostasis appears to be a common virulence mechanism, as many pathogens can synthesize auxin-like molecules. In other hand, the addition of plant growth promotion rhizobacteria (PGPR) that are able to produce auxins promotes plant growth and provides protection against pathogens. Techniques as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are used to quantify auxins produced by microorganism and plants at high precision and sensitivity, even though those techniques are expensive and require a big number of solvents. For these reasons, the aim of the present study was to develop a fast microplate technique for auxin detection, in Bacillus subtilis strains using salkowski reagent. For auxin quantification, calibration curves were done with alcohol, landy medium and water and the R2 were calculated. The microplate techniques were able to quantify auxin production by B. subtillis stains.

Development of triple-layered tablets containing laxatives with a hydrophilic polymer

Constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder which has caused much discomfort affecting the quality of life. The prevalence of constipation in the general population is approximately 20%(1)Various kinds of laxatives were introduced such as bulking agent, stool softener, stimulant, and osmotic agent (2)Fixed dose combination with bisacodyl as a stimulant and docusate sodium as a stool softener, Ducolax STM, was developed as enteric coated tablets targeting colon.

Modal interactions in primary and subharmonic resonant dynamics of imperfect microplates with geometric nonlinearities

This paper analyses the modal interactions in the nonlinear, size-dependent dynamics of geometrically imperfect microplates. Based on the modified couple stress theory,the equations of motion for the in-plane and out-of-plane motions are obtained employing the von Kármán plate theory as well as Kirchhoff＇s hypotheses by means of the Lagrange equations. The equations of motions are solved using the pseudo-arclength continuation technique and direct timeintegration method. The system parameters are tuned to the values associated with modal interactions, and then nonlinear resonant responses and energy transfer are analysed.Nonlinear motion characteristics are shown in the form of frequency-response and force-response curves, time histories, phase-plane portraits, and fast Fourier transforms.

Well-posedness of two-phase local/nonlocal integral polar models for consistent axisymmetric bending of circular microplates

Previous studies have shown that Eringen’s differential nonlocal model would lead to the ill-posed mathematical formulation for axisymmetric bending of circular microplates.Based on the nonlocal integral models along the radial and circumferential directions,we propose nonlocal integral polar models in this work.The proposed strainand stress-driven two-phase nonlocal integral polar models are applied to model the axisymmetric bending of circular microplates.The governing differential equations and boundary conditions(BCs)as well as constitutive constraints are deduced.It is found that the purely strain-driven nonlocal integral polar model turns to a traditional nonlocal differential polar model if the constitutive constraints are neglected.Meanwhile,the purely strain-and stress-driven nonlocal integral polar models are ill-posed,because the total number of the differential orders of the governing equations is less than that of the BCs plus constitutive constraints.Several nominal variables are introduced to simplify the mathematical expression,and the general differential quadrature method(GDQM)is applied to obtain the numerical solutions.The results from the current models(CMs)are compared with the data in the literature.It is clearly established that the consistent softening and toughening effects can be obtained for the strain-and stress-driven local/nonlocal integral polar models,respectively.The proposed two-phase local/nonlocal integral polar models(TPNIPMs)may provide an efficient method to design and optimize the plate-like structures for microelectro-mechanical systems.

Unstable Rifts,a Leaky Transform Zone and a Microplate:Analogues from South Iceland

A structural analysis was undertaken in the South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) transform zone, and in the Hreppar Microplate (HMP) located between the propagating Eastern Rift Zone (ERZ) and the receding Western Rift Zone (WRZ). The age of the oceanic crust in these areas is 3.4 Ma to present. About 20,000 fracture segments on aerial images reflect the dominance of NNE extensional structures in the WRZ. Around 9,000 basement faults, intrusions, secondary fractures, surface ruptures of earthquakes, and leakages were mapped in the outcrops of the HMP and the SISZ. About 23% of these fractures strike NNE, while 77% are dominantly northerly dextral and ENE sinistral, and secondarily E-W, WNW and NW sinistral strike- and oblique-slip structures, forming a Riedel shear pattern typical of a transform zone. Dyke injections into Riedel shears indicate a leaky transform zone. Fractures reactivated, accumulated slip, and re-opened for fluid flow. The ENE faults dip mostly to the southeast and could be the present boundary of the SISZ to the north. A 10 - 30 km wide ENE structural zone hosts a valley to the east, which could be deeper in the west. This ENE zone contains all the earthquakes, dominant ENE rivers, frequent ENE secondary fractures, and is likely the active part of the SISZ. The HMP does not show rotation since 3.4 Ma despite being between two rift segments. Future propagation/recession of the rift segments along their N55°E sections would cause a migration and a clockwise rotation of the SISZ from ENE to E-W. The boundary faults of the SISZ would then be E-W, with unchanged internal Riedel shears, compensating its sinistral motion. Insights into complexities of diverging plate boundaries are critical for resource management in such tectonic contexts.

Bending and Buckling of Circular Sinusoidal Shear Deformation Microplates with Modified Couple Stress Theory

The modified couple stress theory(MCST)is applied to analyze axisymmetric bending and buckling behaviors of circular microplates with sinusoidal shear deformation theory.The differential governing equations and boundary conditions are derived through the principle of minimum total potential energy,and expressed in nominal form with the introduced nominal variables.With the application of generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM),both the differential governing equations and boundary conditions are expressed in discrete form,and a set of linear equations are obtained.The bending deflection can be obtained through solving the linear equations,while buckling loads can be determined through solving general eigenvalue problems.The influence of material length scale parameter and plate geometrical dimensions on the bending deflection and buckling loads of circular microplates is investigated numerically for different boundary conditions.

Structures and Styles of Deformation in Rift,Ridge,Transform Zone,Oblique Rift and a Microplate Offshore/Onshore North Iceland

The diverging plate boundaries in North Iceland and its shelf display a complex tectonic at the Kolbeinsey Ridge (K-R), the Northern Rift Zone (NRZ), and the Tj?rnes Fracture Zone containing the Grímsey Oblique Rift (GOR), the Húsavík-Flatey Fault (HFF), and the Dalvík Lineament (DL). While active deformation is well-known, the structural pattern is sporadically mapped and a comprehensive account of the upper Tertiary-present deformation is not fully at hand. To address the gaps, this paper provides new regional tectonic maps with continuous coverage, and detailed analyses of the deformation. Faults, open fractures, prominent joints and volcanic edifices were identified on Multibeam/Single beam, Spot 5, and Digital Elevation Model, and subjected to multidisciplinary structural analysis and correlation with selected data. Some of the results are: 1) Six sets constitute the structural pattern. The N-S rift-parallel normal faults are 1/3, and the shear fractures of the transform zone and the oblique rift 2/3 of the fracture population. The en échelon arrangements above deep-seated shear zones indicate dextral slip on WNW to NW, and sinistral slip on NNE to ENE faults, conformable with earthquake data. 2) During the polyphase tectonic, the six sets led to basin and horst formation, block compartmentalisation, rotation, horsetail splay, rhomb-graben in relay zone of strike-slips, and volcanism. 3) Listric faults are absent and the steeply-dipping faults are antithetic, synthetic, or form extensional flower structures above 4 km depth. The Plio-pleistocene/present syn-sedimentary deformation caused a deep half graben in the Eyjafjarearáll Basin (Ey), fault growth, rollover, and sediment onlaps, with some of the faults still active. 4) The plate boundaries of K-R/Ey, GOR/?xarfjreur/NRZ, and DL delimit a major microplate labelled here as Grímsey-Tj?rnes-Dalvík. 5) The WNW earthquake cluster in GOR corresponds either to a blind horsetail splay fault or to initiation of a transform segment parallel to the HFF. The described tectonic-sedimentary-magmatic deformation is relevant to other diverging plate boundaries where similar sets control the hydrocarbon and geothermal resources.

Nano-Microplate Gold Clay for Handcraft Jewelry and Decoration

Gold clay is a crafting medium consisting of gold particles mixed with an organic binder and water for making jewelry or decoration.The clay can be shaped by hand,textured,carved,formed or using molds.After drying and burning,the organic binder and water were decomposed and the gold particles were transformed to its final metal state.Although,gold clay is very expensive,it is useful to decorate the silver clay designed jewelry or small sculptures.In this research,nano-microplate gold and specific organic binder was used for producing nano-microplate gold clay.The objectives of this research are to study binder's type and ratios for optimum producing gold clay,and to study the heating condition for making silver and gold clay jewelry.The result showed that the clay can be fired with heating temperature at 900°C for an hour by electric kiln.The physical properties of the gold clay at different heating temperatures were determined.Furthermore,prototype of jewelry using the clay was

海底氢气成藏模式与全球分布

氢能是一种清洁、高效、零碳的顶极能源。天然氢的形成和运聚与板块构造活动密切相关。地球作为整个太阳系已知唯一发育有板块构造和表面存在液态水的岩质星球,具备地球脱气、蛇纹岩水岩反应、水辐射分解等独特的地质生氢路径。占据现今地球表面面积2/3的海底,发育洋壳甚至有地幔物质的直接剥露,具备蛇纹石化形成天然氢的巨大潜力。海底天然氢有沿微板块边界的大量氢气产出机制和海底裂缝导致的海底渗透型的另类机制,现今海底微板块边界、洋底高原、海底裂隙系统、沿超慢速-慢速洋中脊和非火山型被动陆缘出露的微幔块都是寻找天然氢的有利目标,南海东北陆缘的“陆壳裂洞”也十分值得关注。由于不同构造环境的天然氢的形成和储存条件存在较大差异,天然氢在生成、运移和存储等方面存在多样性和差异性,因此难以建立一套统一的氢气成藏模式,也无法精准确定潜在资源量。已有的氢气显示和预测的有利生氢场所,能否成藏、成藏机制如何以及如何开发利用,也依然是未来需要探索的问题。

棉铃虫天敌中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator对不同处理棉花的趋性行为反应

采用机械损伤(处理A)、棉铃虫取食为害(处理B)、棉铃虫取食棉花+棉铃虫复合物(处理B+H)、水杨酸诱导(处理C)、机械损伤加棉铃虫口腔分泌物(处理D)5种方式诱导现蕾期棉花植株,并应用Y型嗅觉仪测定处理后棉花对棉铃虫天敌中红侧沟茧蜂搜索寄主行为的影响.处理B、处理B+H和处理C棉花对中红侧沟茧蜂有显著的引诱作用.健康棉株、处理A及处理D棉花对中红侧沟茧蜂没有明显的吸引.中红侧沟茧蜂对处理C、处理B+H以及处理B棉花没有明显的趋性差异.利用气质联用系统对各处理棉花挥发性物质进行定性和定量分析.表明处理B、处理B+H、处理C棉花挥发物种类和含量均比对照棉花多,处理A及处理D棉花与对照棉花挥发物种类和含量差异不显著.处理C、处理B及处理B+H棉花中β-月桂烯、β-蒎烯、α-蒎烯的含量明显增加.处理C棉花柠檬烯的含量发生明显变化.

荧光微孔板法检测啤酒酵母胞内脯氨酸含量

高浓酿造是啤酒生产中一种常用的高效经济技术,而在高浓酿造过程中啤酒酵母在各个时期存在不同的环境压力。脯氨酸被认为是啤酒酵母中的一种应激保护剂,赋予了酵母细胞更高的胁迫耐受性。酵母胞内脯氨酸含量可以作为筛选环境耐受能力强菌株的参考,因此有必要建立一种能够快速检测啤酒酵母胞内脯氨酸含量的方法。该研究基于次氯酸钠氧化和邻苯二甲醛/N-乙酰半胱胺酸荧光检测脯氨酸的通用方法,结合细胞破碎的优化,成功建立了一种可以准确测定啤酒酵母胞内脯氨酸含量的荧光微孔板法,其线性范围和回收率分别为5~40μmol/L(0.58~4.6 mg/L)和73.33%~105.5%。通过比较该检测方法与氨基酸专用高效液相色谱法,发现两者测定胞内脯氨酸含量绝对值相比无显著性差异,但是荧光微孔板法操作简便快捷。因此,该研究建立的荧光微孔板法为测定酵母胞内脯氨酸提供了一种新思路,同时为适应高浓酿造胁迫的啤酒酵母筛选提供了一种新策略。

掌、背侧微型钢板联合固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨掌、背侧微型钢板联合固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法采用掌、背侧微型钢板联合固定治疗20例桡骨远端粉碎性骨折。记录骨折复位情况、术后并发症发生情况、骨折愈合情况、腕关节活动度、影像学检查指标(掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度)。采用DASH评分和Mayo评分评价腕关节功能恢复情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间7~12(9.0±1.3)个月。骨折均解剖复位。术后无切口感染、肌腱断裂、重度神经损伤及骨折复位丢失、继发移位、骨不愈合等并发症发生。骨折均愈合,时间9~14(10.8±1.5)周。末次随访时,腕关节活动度:桡屈患侧小于健侧(P<0.05),背屈、掌屈、尺屈患侧与健侧比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);影像学检查指标:患侧与健侧比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时,DASH评分2~34(10.2±9.6)分;Mayo评分64~98(85.4±12.7)分,优良率16/20。结论掌、背侧微型钢板联合固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折,能获得满意的骨折复位及稳定的内固定效果,患者能早期进行腕关节锻炼,更利于腕关节功能恢复,且并发症发生率低。

A New Species of Microplitis Foerster(Hymenoptera:Braconidae:Microgastrinae)of China

A new species of Microplitis Foerster 1862：Microplitis vitellipedis,sp.nov.（♀） is described from China,Fujian,Mt.Wuyi.The new species is similar to Microplitis changbaishana Song et Chen.but has the following differences：Microplitis vitllivipes sp.nov：T1 parallel or subparallel-sided;antennae with F12-15 loosely connected;hind coxae reddish yellow;body normal.Microplitis changbaishana Song et Chen：T1 slightly widened towards apex;antennae with F12-15 tightly connected;hind coxae yellowish beown;body stout.

三层应变梯度微板系统的耦合振动特性

基于修正的应变梯度理论和Kirchhoff-Love假设,建立了由Winkler-Pasternak弹性夹层连接的三层微板系统的耦合振动模型.结合Gauss-Lobatto求积准则和微分求积准则,构造了具有4节点108个自由度的C2连续性微分求积有限元,以求解微板系统的耦合振动边值问题.通过数值算例,验证了本文微分求积有限元法的有效性,讨论了各因素对微板系统振动频率及模态的影响.结果表明:微板系统发生完全同步振动时,弹性夹层不起作用;应变梯度效应或弹性夹层刚度不仅影响微板系统的各阶振动频率,而且会使系统产生模态跃迁现象;边界条件对微板系统振动频率计模态的影响显著.

微孔板式微生物法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中叶酸、泛酸和生物素含量

目的建立微孔板式微生物法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中的叶酸、泛酸和生物素含量的方法。方法按照国标方法分别提取婴幼儿配方乳粉中的叶酸、泛酸和生物素,在96孔微孔板中接种含有相应测试菌悬液的培养基,再分别加入标准系列溶液和试样提取液,培养后用酶标仪测定吸光度,根据标准曲线分别计算试样中的叶酸、泛酸和生物素含量,并考察测定方法的检出限、精密度和加标回收率。结果叶酸、泛酸和生物素标准曲线的相关系数均大于0.999,检出限分别为0.10μg/100 g、0.013 mg/100 g、0.57μg/100 g,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSDs)分别为1.02%、0.94%、1.08%,加标回收率分别为94.6%~100.0%、95.3%~103.3%、94.5%~100.1%。结论该微孔板方法操作简单、成本较低,结果准确性和重现性良好,适用于婴幼儿配方乳粉中叶酸、泛酸和生物素含量的大批量检测。

微型钢板内固定治疗掌指骨骨折的恢复效果与并发症情况评估

目的研究掌指骨骨折患者应用微型钢板内固定治疗的恢复效果及并发症发生情况。方法便利选取2021年1月-2023年1月福建省东山县医院收治的56例掌指骨骨折患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,各28例。对照组应用克氏针内固定治疗,观察组应用微型钢板内固定治疗,比较两组治疗效果。结果观察组掌指关节功能恢复优良率为96.43%,高于对照组的71.43%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.766,P<0.05)。观察组手术时间长于对照组,骨折愈合时间和功能锻炼开始时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组疼痛程度评分低于对照组,手指总主动屈曲度和生活质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采取微型钢板内固定的方式治疗掌指骨骨折患者,可以显著提升恢复效果,该方法虽手术时间相对略长,但并发症更少,且疼痛症状较轻,有助于提升患者生活质量。