Local dose-dense chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer via minimally invasive implantation of 3D printed devices

Dose-dense chemotherapy is the preferred first-line therapy for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC),a highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis.This treatment uses the same drug doses as conventional chemotherapy but with shorter dosing intervals,allowing for promising clinical outcomes with intensive treatment.However,the frequent systemic administration used for this treatment results in systemic toxicity and low patient compliance,limiting therapeutic efficacy and clinical benefit.Here,we report local dose-dense chemotherapy to treat TNBC by implanting 3D printed devices with timeprogrammed pulsatile release profiles.The implantable device can control the time between drug releases based on its internal microstructure design,which can be used to control dose density.The device is made of biodegradable materials for clinical convenience and designed for minimally invasive implantation via a trocar.Dose density variation of local chemotherapy using programmable release enhances anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo.Under the same dose density conditions,device-based chemotherapy shows a higher anticancer effect and less toxic response than intratumoral injection.We demonstrate local chemotherapy utilizing the implantable device that simulates the drug dose,number of releases,and treatment duration of the dose-dense AC(doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide)regimen preferred for TNBC treatment.Dose density modulation inhibits tumor growth,metastasis,and the expression of drug resistance-related proteins,including p-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein.To the best of our knowledge,local dose-dense chemotherapy has not been reported,and our strategy can be expected to be utilized as a novel alternative to conventional therapies and improve anti-cancer efficiency.

Evaluation of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in monitoring early response of locally advanced breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Objective： The aim of our study was to assess the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging （DMRI） in predicting early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy （NAC） in patients with locally advanced breast cancer （LABC） and to assess the accuracy of DMRI in evaluating residual disease after NAC. Methods： DMRI were per- formed in 43 women with LABC （44 lesions, all were invasive ductal carcinoma） before, after the first and final cycle of NAC. Tumour volume, early enhanced ratio （El）, maximum enhanced ratio （Emax）, and maximum enhanced time （Tmax）, dynamic signal intensity-time curve were obtained during treatment. Residual tumour volumes obtained using DMRI were compared with pathological findings to assess the accuracy of DMRI. Results： After 1st cycle of NAC, the mean volume of responders decreased insignificantly, P 〉 0.05, but after NAC, mean volume of residual tumor decreased significantly （P 〈 0.01）. Morphol- ogy change： 29 cases showed a concentric shrinkage pattern while 7 cases showed a dendritic shrinkage pattern. Significant differences were found in El, Emax and Tmax between responders and non-responders （P 〈 0.05）. After 1st cycle of NAC, El, Emax and Tmax of responders changed significantly （P 〈 0.001）; while there is no significant change in non-responders （P 〉 0.05）. After NAC, dynamic signal intensity-time types were changed in responders, and tended to be significantly flat- tening, while no significant change was found in non-responders. The residual tumour volume correlation coefficient between DMRI and pathology measurements was very high （r = 0.866, P = 0.000）. Conclusion： DMRI is useful to evaluate the early response to NAC in LABC. The presence and volume of residual disease in LABC patients treated with NAC could be ac- curately evaluated by DMRI.

Decrease in the Ki67 index during neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicts favorable relapse-free survival in patients with locally advanced breast cancer

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal cutoffs of the three parameters of Ki67 during NAC for predicting patient prognosis and investigate whether the optimal cutoffs of the Ki67 values were associated with relapse-free survival(RFS) or breast cancer-specific survival(BCSS).Methods: A total of 92 patients with locally advanced breast cancer(LABC), who had residual disease after NAC were retrospectively investigated.The optimal cutoff values of the Ki67 parameters were assessed by the online algorithm Cutoff Finder.Kaplan-Meier analysis, the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were carried out to analyze survival.Results: The optimal cutoff values for the postsurgical Ki67 level and the decrease in the Ki67 level during NAC were defined as 25% and 12.5%, respectively.According to the univariate survival analysis, a higher Ki67 level in residual disease was associated with poor RFS(P = 0.004) and BCSS(P = 0.014).In addition, a Ki67 expression decrease > 12.5% during NAC was related to favorable RFS(P = 0.007), but was not related to BCSS(P = 0.452).Cox regression analysis showed that the Ki67 expression decrease(> 12.5% vs.≤ 12.5%) and histological grade(grade 3 vs.grade 1-2) were the independent factors associated with RFS(P =0.020 and P = 0.023, respectively), with HR values of 0.353(95% CI: 0.147-0.850) and 3.422(95% CI: 1.188-9.858), respectively.Conclusions: The Ki67 decrease was one of the independent factors associated with RFS in LABC patients with residual disease after receiving NAC.

Weekly taxane-anthracycline combination regimen versus tri-weekly anthracycline-based regimen for the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer:a randomized controlled trial

Background:Extensive studies have confirmed the efficacy of taxanes in combination with anthracycline-based chemotherapy on breast cancer.However,few studies have assessed the efficacy of weekly taxane-anthracycline regimens on locally advanced breast cancer.This study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a weekly taxaneanthracycline regimen with those of tri-weekly anthracycline-based regimen in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.Methods:Patients with locally advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive 4-6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with tri-weekly 5-fluorouracil-epirubicin-cyclophosphamide(FEC) regimen or weekly paclitaxel-epirubicin(PE) regimen.The primary endpoint was the pathologic complete response(pCR) rate.Other endpoints included the clinical tumor response,breast-conserving surgery rate,and adverse events.Results:Between March 2010 and September 2013,293 patients were randomized to the FEC(n=151) and PE(n=142) arms.The overall clinical response rate was significantly higher in the PE arm than in the FEC arm(76.06%vs.59.95%,P=0.001).Consistently,the post-chemotherapy pathologic T and N stages were significantly lower in the PE arm than in the FEC arm(P<0.001).However,the pCR rate was similar in the two arms(10.61%vs.12.31%,P=0.665).Overall,36(27.27%) patients in the FEC arm and 6(35.28%) in the PE arm were qualified for breast-conserving surgery.Most adverse events were comparable in both arms,with more severe neutropenia in the PE arm than in the FEC arm(11.97%vs.5.96%,P=0.031).Conclusions:In patients with locally advanced breast cancer,weekly PE was not superior to FEC in terms of pCR.However,weekly PE has a higher response rate and superior down-staging effects.On this account,the PE regimen may be considered an alternative option for locally advanced breast cancer.Long-term follow-up data are needed to confirm the efficacy of this regimen on locally advanced breast cancer.Trial registration Chinese clinical trial registry,ChiCTR-TRC-10001043,September 21。

Skin Sparing Mastectomy in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: A Possibility?

Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in women in India in spite of advances in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) still represents the major presenting picture in many urban and rural institutions in our country. Skin Sparing Mastectomy (SSM) and primary reconstruction is a popular option for patients with breast cancer. There are similar local and distant recurrences in SSM compared to the traditional non-skin sparing mastectomy. A 57-year-old lady presented with a locally advanced left breast cancer. After undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and a PET-CT to accurately detect residual disease in breast and axilla, she underwent skin sparing mastectomy with nipple-areola complex preservation and primary reconstruction with silicon prosthesis implant over a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap for primary reconstruction. SSM in LABC has not been reported in the literature so far. This patient is disease free for the past 24 months.

Oncoplastic Breast Surgery after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Replacing Mastectomy in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC): Single Institute Experience

Background: Integration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in early 70s resulted that many LABC tumors become resectable but with total mastectomy especially those with partial response, oncoplastic techniques give better oncological outcome with better cosmetic results. Objective: We evaluate the oncological safety of oncoplastic breast surgery (OS) in LABC showing partial response to NCT. Methods: We prospectively analyzed the data of 32 out of 58 patients with LABC who showed partial response to NCT and could have conservative surgery with advanced oncoplastic techniques rather than total mastectomy. Results: Out of 58 patients with LABC, received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, complete response was observed in 8 patients (13%), partial response reported in 32 (55.1%) cases, 12 patients (20%) had stable disease and 6 patients (10%) showed progressive disease. Data of 32 cases were studied (mean age 44.84 ± 9.10 years;range 26 - 59 years). Inferior pedicle was performed in 9 cases, mini LD flap in 3 patients, 5 had Grissotti technique, 6 with superomedial pedicle, 4 had V mammoplasty and 3 with J mammoplasty and 2 had vertical mammoplasty. Margins were positive in 5 cases (15.6%) with mean margin width 9.63 ± 5.72 (range 0 - 22 mm), and the local recurrence was reported in 2 cases (6.2%). Complications were reported in 3 cases (9.3%). The follow up was 1.67 ± 1.03 (range 0 - 3.3 years). Conclusions: Integration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy together with advanced oncoplastic techniques opens a new way for management of LABC especially those showing partial response with avoidance of total mastectomy, and comparable oncological safety in addition to better aesthetic and psychological outcome.

Evaluation of the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on tumor and axillary lymph nodes in locally advanced breast cancer: a study of 50 patients

Objective： The purpose of the study was to correlate between effect of pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy （NACT） and post-NACT clinical, sonographic and pathologic features of the tumor and axillary lymph nodes （ALNs） and to raise the possibility of applying the concept of sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB） in patients with initially positive ALNs before NACT. Methods： A prospective study of 50 female patients with locally advanced breast cancer （LABC） with clinically palpable.and cytologically （under ultrasonographic guidance） positive ALNs. All patients received NACT and then referred for ultrasono- graphic assessment of the axilla regarding any detectable sonographic criteria of metastatic deposits in ALNs as well as the tumor size in relation to its prechemotherapy size, All patients were then subjected either to modified radical mastectomy or breast conserving surgery. The clinical, sonographic and pathological response of the tumor and the ALNs were documented, classified and correlated with each other. Results： Patients＇ mean age was 47.7±9.1 years. The mean clinical tumor size was 6.7 ± 1.4 cm; stage IliA that was presented in 32 patients （64%） and IIIB was presented in 18 patients （36%）. Chemotherapy was given for a median of 4 cycles, there was reduction of the mean clinical tumor size from 6.7 ± 1.4 cm to 4.3 ± 2.7 cm （P 〈 0.001）. Clinical response was complete in 5 （10%） tumors, complete pathological tumor response （post-neoadjuvant） was detected in 6 （16%） of patients. Complete clinical nodal response （post-neoadjuvant） in 23 （46%） axillae, on sonographic assessment of the axilla, response was complete in 17 （34%） axillae. Complete pathological nodal response occurred in 16 （32%） axillae. Out of 17 axillae that showed complete sonographic response 11 axillae showed complete pathological nodal response （P 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Formal axillary lymph node dissection can be avoided and replaced by SLNB post NACT in patients with LABC with metastatic ALNs if there were complete clinical and sonographic criteria of nodal response as well as complete pathological tumor response.

Correlation between the proportion of breast volume involved by locally advanced tumors and invasion of the skin and posterior structures

AIM: To evaluate any differences between the percentages of involved breast volume, pathologic attributes,and tumor marker expression of T3 and T4a-c tumors in locally advanced breast cancers(BC).METHODS: All patients with T3 N > 0 and T4a-c BC without evidence of distant metastasis(M0), presenting to the Breast Clinic from 1980 to 2010, were examinedto determine whether their BC's involved ≥ 50% of their breast volumes, defined by gross replacement of at least one hemisphere. Core needle biopsy or postmastectomy specimens from tumors involving a known percent of breast volume were evaluated for:(1)pathological grades and lympho-vascular invasion(LVI);(2) hormone receptor(ER/PR) expression > 0; and(3)epidermoid growth factor 2(her2) over-expression(3+)by immune-histochemical staining or fluorescent in situ hybridization.RESULTS: The data base included 98 patients with T3N> 0 M0 and 120 with T4a-c, any N disease, M0 disease. T3 tumor masses involved 50% or more of the breast in 23/98(24%), and T4a-c tumors 65/120(54%)(P < 0.001). Only 1% of T3 tumors and 23% of T4a-c tumors presented with total breast replacement. There were no significant differences between the pathological attributes and marker expression of the T3 and T4a-c tumors.CONCLUSION: These data suggest that erosion of the overlying skin or underlying chest wall by some BC may be due to neglect and delay, rather than inherent biological aggressiveness.

Immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer:A literature review and new advances

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is a highly complex,heterogeneous disease and historically has limited treatment options.It has a high probability of disease recurrence and rapid disease progression despite adequate systemic treatment.Immunotherapy has emerged as an important alternative in the management of this malignancy,showing an impact on progression-free survival and overall survival in selected populations.In this review we focused on immunotherapy and its current relevance in the management of TNBC,including various scenarios(metastatic and early-neoadjuvant,adjuvant-),new advances in this subtype and the research of potential predictive biomarkers of response to treatment.

PIK3CA mutation in non-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer as a potential biomarker of early relapse:A case report

BACKGROUND Currently,the detection of PIK3CA mutations is of special interest in personalized medicine because it is frequently found in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).The PI3KCA mutation is an independent negative prognostic factor for survival in metastatic breast cancer,and its prognostic value in liquid biopsy as a biomarker of treatment and early relapse is under investigation,both for metastatic disease and neoadjuvant scenario with curative intent.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old female patient with TNBC clinical stage IIIA,who,after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy(based on anthracyclines and taxanes),surgery,radiotherapy,and adjuvant capecitabine,was detected with a PI3KCA mutation in tissue and peripheral blood(ctDNA in liquid biopsy).After 10 mo,the patient had disease relapse of left cervical node disease.CONCLUSION The detection of PIK3CA mutation in TNBC after neoadjuvant treatment might be associated with early relapse or rapid disease progression.

The 10-Year Local Recurrence and Partial Breast Radiotherapy for Early Breast Cancer Treated by Conservative Surgery

To study the local recurrence and the role of whole breast radiotherapy for early breast cancer treated by conservative surgery. METHODS From April 1990 to December 2000, 49 patients with early primary breast cancer were treated by conservative surgery in our hospital. The cases were comprised of Stage 0, 1; Stage Ⅰ, 31; and Stage Ⅱa, 17. Forty cases underwent quadrantectomy plus axillary lymph node dissection, and the other 9 cases had lumpectomy alone. Irradiation, which was received by 39 patients, was administered by using low tangential half fields with 6 MV X-ray to decrease the pulmonary irradiative volume. The dose to the whole breast was 45 Gy/22 ～23f/4.5W, then a 15 Gy boost dose was delivered to the tumor bed by an electron beam. The other patients underwent an irradiated regional field according to postoperative pathology. RESULTS All patients were followed-up for 10 years or more. The 10- year local recurrence rates, distant metastasis rates and survival rates were 6.1%, 4.1% and 98.0% respectively. All of the 3 patients who had a local recurrence had infiltrative carcinomas and negative lymph nodes. The 10-year local recurrence rate was higher （2.6% vs. 20.0%） with nonpostoperative whole breast radootherapy, but the statistical difference was not marked because of the low number of cases. All of the recurrent lesions localized within 3 cm of the primary lesion. CONCLUSION Original recurrence of the tumor was the main type of local recurrence. Radiotherapy after conservative surgery is very essential. After conservative surgery it is feasible that irradiation can be delivered alone to the neighboring region of the tumor bed. Partial breast radiotherapy can substitute for whole breast radiotherapy.

超声造影预测局部晚期宫颈癌同步放化疗早期疗效的临床价值

目的 探讨超声造影(CEUS)预测局部晚期宫颈癌(LACC)患者同步放化疗(CCRT)早期疗效的临床价值。方法 选取临沂市肿瘤医院收治的LACC患者65例,于治疗前1周内及体外放疗结束后分别进行CEUS检查,通过定量分析时间-强度曲线(TIC)获得达峰时间(TP)、梯度(Grad)、曲线下面积(Area)及峰值强度(PI);测量治疗前后瘤体最大径,计算肿瘤消退率。体外放疗结束后根据治疗效果分为敏感组53例和不敏感组12例,比较两组上述参数的差异。采用Spearman相关分析法分析CEUS参数与肿瘤消退率的相关性;二元Logistic回归分析筛选预测LACC患者CCRT早期疗效的影响因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析其预测效能。结果 65例LACC患者治疗前和体外放疗结束后瘤体最大径分别为(60.7±14.6)mm、(31.2±16.9)mm,肿瘤消退率为(49.2±23.2)%。敏感组治疗前Grad、PI均低于不敏感组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);敏感组体外放疗结束后Grad、Area及PI均低于不敏感组,TP高于不敏感组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。敏感组体外放疗结束后Grad、Area及PI均较治疗前降低,TP较治疗前升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,治疗前Grad、PI与肿瘤消退率均呈负相关(r=-0.602、-0.499,均P<0.05);体外放疗结束后Grad、PI与肿瘤消退率均呈负相关(r=-0.859、-0.913,均P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,治疗前Grad、PI均为预测LACC患者CCRT早期疗效的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,治疗前Grad、PI预测LACC患者CCRT早期疗效的曲线下面积分别为0.802、0.894。结论 CEUS在预测LACC患者CCRT早期疗效中有一定的临床价值。

从“引火归元”论治局部晚期乳腺癌

“引火归元”是从相火立论认识和解释人体生理和病理变化的重要理论。从“引火归元”的视角认识局部晚期乳腺癌,认为乳房多气多血的生理特点决定了其易于从阳化火的特点。相火妄动,与乳房局部的病理因素搏结,则杂合形成邪火,整个病理过程中包含相火妄动、邪火炽盛、阴阳两虚三方面,且三者常互为因果、彼此纠缠。临证可选用引火汤、封髓丹等内治法改善机体状态,并酌用外治法清散邪火。

对比分析改良根治术与保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌的近远期疗效

目的对比探究改良根治术与保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌的近远期疗效。方法方便选取2019年1月—2020年12月期间贵州省人民医院收治的86例早期乳腺癌患者为研究对象,以随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各43例。对照组患者接受改良根治术治疗,观察组接受保乳手术治疗,并随访2年。比较两组围术期指标、创伤后应激障碍筛查量表(PCL-C)评分、心理状态、远期疗效。结果观察组术中出血量、引流量均少于对照组,住院时间、手术时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,两组PCL-C评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后,观察组PCL-C中警觉性提高、重新体验、回避麻木3个维度及总分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,两组汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后,观察组HAMA(18.74±3.87)分、HAMD评分(20.22±3.43)分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.549、2.863,P<0.05)。随访2年期间,观察者局部复发率、远处转移率、腋窝淋巴结复发率均低于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与改良根治术治疗相比,应用保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌所用手术时间更短,术中出血量及引流量更少,应激反应更轻,且可以在保障预后效果的同时,使其维持积极心态,快速出院。

背阔肌肌皮瓣在新辅助化疗后cT4局部晚期乳腺癌创面修复中的应用

目的:探讨背阔肌肌皮瓣(LDMF)在新辅助化疗(NAC)后cT4局部晚期乳腺癌(cT4-LABC)创面修复中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2017年12月至2020年08月间我科收治14例cT4-LABC患者,在经过抗感染和NAC达到临床获益(PR+SD)后,局部行乳腺癌根治性切除术,并即刻应用LDMF修复胸壁缺损。结果:14例患者中13例(13/14,92.9%)完成既定周期的NAC,1例仅完成2周期NAC(剔除研究)。在纳入研究的13例患者中,无CR和PD病例,PR 12例(12/13,92.31%),SD 1例(1/13,7.69%),NAC临床获益率100%(13/13)。13例患者均成功完成手术,手术时间4~6小时,术中出血200~300 mL,术后2例皮肤缺血坏死(2/13,15.38%),通过换药自行愈合,拔管后8例供区出现少量血清肿(8/13,61.54%),通过抽液、加压包扎处理后消失。随访1~36个月,中位随访22个月,1例局部复发(1/13,7.69%)、3例远处转移(3/13,23.08%)、2例死亡(2/13,15.38%),所有患者背阔肌功能良好,上肢活动基本正常。结论:cT4-LABC在保证全身治疗有效后,局部手术时应用LDMF即刻修复胸壁缺损切实可行,效果确切,值得推广。

人表皮生长因子受体2在三阴性早期/局部晚期乳腺癌患者中的表达及与疗效和复发转移的关系

目的 探讨人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)在三阴性早期/局部晚期乳腺癌患者中的表达及与疗效和复发转移的关系。方法 收集接受新辅助化疗的98例三阴性早期/局部晚期乳腺癌患者的临床资料,分析不同HER2表达水平患者的临床特征,采用二元Logistic回归分析和Cox回归分析对三阴性早期/局部晚期乳腺癌患者完全缓解和预后的影响因素进行分析。结果 HER2低表达患者中腋窝淋巴结转移及术后淋巴结分期为N3期患者的比例均高于HER2表达为0的患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。临床分期为cT_(3~4)期、HER2低表达均是三阴性早期/局部晚期乳腺癌患者完全缓解率的危险因素(P﹤0.01)。新辅助化疗后非完全缓解、HER2表达较高、术后淋巴结分期较高均是三阴性早期/局部晚期乳腺癌患者无病生存率(DFS)的危险因素(P﹤0.05)。结论临床分期为cT_(3~4)期、HER2低表达均是三阴性早期/局部晚期乳腺癌患者完全缓解的影响因素,且新辅助化疗后非完全缓解、HER2表达较高、术后淋巴结分期较高的患者预后较差,HER2表达水平可作为预测三阴性早期/局部晚期乳腺癌患者疗效及复发转移的指标。

局部晚期乳腺癌行即刻乳房再造术的远期生存及预后因素研究

目的:探讨局部晚期乳腺癌(locally advanced breast cancer,LABC)行即刻乳房再造术(immediate breast reconstruction,IBR)的肿瘤学安全性。方法:回顾性分析2001年9月至2016年3月于天津医科大学肿瘤医院被诊断为LABC并行IBR的114例患者的临床资料,分析总体生存(overall survival,OS)率、无局部复发生存(local recurrence-free survival,LRFS)率和无远处转移生存(distant metastasis-free survival,DMFS)率。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析影响预后的因素。结果:中位随访时间为55.0个月,总队列5年OS率、LRFS率和DMFS率分别为78.9%(95%CI:69.1%~85.9%)、95.8%(95%CI:89.2%~98.4%)和78.9%(95%CI:69.1%~86.0%)。肿瘤直径>5 cm较肿瘤直径≤5 cm患者更易局部复发(P=0.023)。Cox比例风险回归模型多因素分析显示,肿瘤直径>5 cm(HR=3.60,95%CI:1.40~9.10,P=0.007)与淋巴结病理分期N3(HR=4.20,95%CI:1.60~11.0,P=0.004)是患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论:LABC行IBR术式的总体肿瘤学安全性可靠。肿瘤直径>5 cm或淋巴结病理分期为N3的LABC患者应慎行IBR。

去甲长春花碱加表柔比星新辅助化疗方案治疗局部晚期乳腺癌的临床研究

目的:了解诺维本加表柔比星(表阿霉素)的联合新辅助化疗方案在局部晚期乳腺癌治疗中的疗效和毒性反应。方法:2001年9月～2003年2月,76例Ⅱb期至Ⅲb期的局部晚期乳腺癌病人入组本次临床试验。入组病例术前接受的新辅助化疗方案为:诺维本25 mg/m2,第1、8天;表阿霉素60 mg/m2,第1天,每三周为1个疗程,共3个疗程。分别观察新辅助化疗后肿瘤原发病灶和区域淋巴结的缓解情况,并观察新辅助化疗的毒性反应。结果:原发病灶临床有效率为84.2％,其中完全缓解(CR)19.7％,部分缓解(PR)64.5％,疾病稳定(SD)14.5％,疾病进展(PD)1.3％;病理完全缓解率为14.5％(11/76)。32例化疗前细针穿刺活检明确区域淋巴结转移阳性的病人中,9例(28.1％)术后病理腋淋巴结转移阴性。毒性反应主要为白细胞减少症、脱发和恶心/呕吐,共有39例(54.2％)病人发生了Ⅲ到Ⅳ度的白细胞减少症,但未有因此而发生的败血症和死亡病例。结论:诺维本加表阿霉素的新辅助化疗方案在局部晚期乳腺癌的治疗中疗效显著,耐受性良好。

局部晚期乳腺癌的治疗进展

新辅助化疗后再手术和(或)放疗已成为治疗局部晚期乳腺癌的治疗模式。本文综述新辅助化疗的依据、疗程方案、影响疗效及预后相关因素及其优缺点,同时介绍了局部晚期乳腺癌诊断,局部治疗及内分泌治疗等方面的进展。

钼靶下导丝定位活检在诊断触诊阴性乳腺病灶中的应用

目的：探讨钼靶下导丝定位活检技术对触诊阴性乳腺可疑病灶的诊断价值。方法：选取52例钼靶检查发现可疑病变而临床触诊阴性、彩超无特异发现的乳腺病灶进行钼靶下导丝定位后手术活检并送病理检查。结果：52例患者行钼靶引导下导丝定位均一次操作成功，术后病理报告：恶性病变16例，其中浸润性导管癌7例，导管原位癌6例，导管内癌早期浸润2例，浸润性小叶癌1例；良性病变36例，其中乳腺增生症15例，纤维腺瘤7例，轻～中度非典型增生5例，炎症性病变4例，导管内乳头状瘤3例，乳腺导管扩张症2例。乳腺癌检出率为30．8％，诊断准确率为100％。结论：钼靶下导丝定位乳腺活检定位准确，安全可行，可有效提高不可触及的乳腺病变切除活检的精确性，利于早期乳腺癌的发现。