Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) is a typical phosphate flame retardant. Its potential adverse health effects have recently aroused concern. We investigated the seasonal variations of TCEP concentrations in the raw...Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) is a typical phosphate flame retardant. Its potential adverse health effects have recently aroused concern. We investigated the seasonal variations of TCEP concentrations in the raw, finished and tap water samples from two drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) in China, and evaluated the cytotoxicity and apoptosis/necrosis of organic extracts(OEs) in water samples. We enriched TCEP and OEs in water samples by solid-phase extraction method. The TCEP concentrations in water samples were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Normal human liver cell line L02 was treated with OEs in the water samples, and then the cytotoxicity and apoptosis/necrosis were measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethyithiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that cytotoxicities of OEs in raw water samples from both DWTPs in summer and winter were stronger than those in spring and autumn, cytotoxicity of OEs in finished and tap water samples from both DWTPs in summer and autumn were stronger than those in spring and winter. In all seasons, the maximal concentrations(100 mL water/mL cell culture) of OEs in the raw water samples from both DWTPs induced late apoptosis/necrosis. The reasons for seasonal variations of TCEP in water samples and potential toxic effects of other pollutants in the water samples need to be further investigated.展开更多
Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) with the initial concentration of 5 mg/L was degraded by UV/H2O2 oxidation process. The removal rate of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system was 89.1% with the production of Cl-and PO4^3- of 0...Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) with the initial concentration of 5 mg/L was degraded by UV/H2O2 oxidation process. The removal rate of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system was 89.1% with the production of Cl-and PO4^3- of 0.23 and 0.64 mg/L. The removal rate of total organic carbon of the reaction was 48.8% and the pH reached 3.3 after the reaction. The oxidative degradation process of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system obeyed the first order kinetic reaction with the apparent rate constant of 0.0025 min^-1( R^2 = 0.9788). The intermediate products were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The addition reaction of HO · and H2O and the oxidation reaction with H2O2 were found during the degradation pathway of 5 mg/L TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system. For the first time, environment risk was estimated via the "ecological structure activity relationships" program and acute and chronic toxicity changes of intermediate products were pointed out. The luminescence inhibition rate of photobacterium was used to evaluate the acute toxicity of intermediate products. The results showed that the toxicity of the intermediate products increased with the increase of reaction time, which may be due to the production of chlorine compounds. Some measures should be introduced to the UV/H2O2 system to remove the highly toxic Cl-containing compounds, such as a nanofiltration or reverse osmosis unit.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (Nos.81273023 and 81472947)
文摘Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) is a typical phosphate flame retardant. Its potential adverse health effects have recently aroused concern. We investigated the seasonal variations of TCEP concentrations in the raw, finished and tap water samples from two drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) in China, and evaluated the cytotoxicity and apoptosis/necrosis of organic extracts(OEs) in water samples. We enriched TCEP and OEs in water samples by solid-phase extraction method. The TCEP concentrations in water samples were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Normal human liver cell line L02 was treated with OEs in the water samples, and then the cytotoxicity and apoptosis/necrosis were measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethyithiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that cytotoxicities of OEs in raw water samples from both DWTPs in summer and winter were stronger than those in spring and autumn, cytotoxicity of OEs in finished and tap water samples from both DWTPs in summer and autumn were stronger than those in spring and winter. In all seasons, the maximal concentrations(100 mL water/mL cell culture) of OEs in the raw water samples from both DWTPs induced late apoptosis/necrosis. The reasons for seasonal variations of TCEP in water samples and potential toxic effects of other pollutants in the water samples need to be further investigated.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 21777067)the Primary Research&Development Plan of Jiangsu Province (No. BE2019679)+1 种基金Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Collaborative Control and Remediation of Soil and Water Pollution for Environmental Protection (No. GHBK-001)the Open Fund of the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,Northeast Normal University (No. 130028903)。
文摘Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) with the initial concentration of 5 mg/L was degraded by UV/H2O2 oxidation process. The removal rate of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system was 89.1% with the production of Cl-and PO4^3- of 0.23 and 0.64 mg/L. The removal rate of total organic carbon of the reaction was 48.8% and the pH reached 3.3 after the reaction. The oxidative degradation process of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system obeyed the first order kinetic reaction with the apparent rate constant of 0.0025 min^-1( R^2 = 0.9788). The intermediate products were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The addition reaction of HO · and H2O and the oxidation reaction with H2O2 were found during the degradation pathway of 5 mg/L TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system. For the first time, environment risk was estimated via the "ecological structure activity relationships" program and acute and chronic toxicity changes of intermediate products were pointed out. The luminescence inhibition rate of photobacterium was used to evaluate the acute toxicity of intermediate products. The results showed that the toxicity of the intermediate products increased with the increase of reaction time, which may be due to the production of chlorine compounds. Some measures should be introduced to the UV/H2O2 system to remove the highly toxic Cl-containing compounds, such as a nanofiltration or reverse osmosis unit.
