基于SNP标记的小麦品种遗传相似度及其检测准确度分析

遗传相似度检测的准确度估计是对SNP标记法在农作物品种检测体系中应用的必要补充和完善。本研究基于2021年小麦品种SNP标记法跨实验室协同验证实验数据,分析了该方法的检测准确度及在品种间的遗传相似度。分析结果表明:(1)10个实验室对55组小麦品种组合的标记位点相似度检测的总体准确度约为98%。(2)GGE双标图的品种遗传关系功能图显示,7组小麦品种的组内遗传相似度在95%以上,其余组合的遗传相似度较低。(3)依据GGE双标图的“正确度-精确度”功能图和“准确度排序”功能图,发现洛旱7号/洛旱11等品种组合的相似度检测准确度较高,晋麦47/临抗11的检测准确度一般,而济麦22/婴泊700的检测准确度较差。(4)10个实验室的检测准确度存在显著差异,其中2个实验室检测的正确度、精确度和准确度表现显著差于其余实验室。(5)各实验室检测正确度的容许误差分布于1.3%~1.9%之间,平均为1.5%;准确度的容许误差分布于1.5%~2.0%之间,平均为1.7%。其中,Lab2和Lab3的检测正确度和准确度的容许误差显著差于其余实验室。本研究构建了SNP标记法对品种相似性检测的准确度统计模型,分析了品种组合和实验室的检测准确度及其容许误差,采用GGE双标图方法对检测正确度、精确度和准确度进行可视化分析,验证了各实验室对品种位点相似性检测的准确度和可靠性,为SNP标记法在农作物品种遗传相似性检测中的准确度评价提供了理论支持和应用范例。

外源茉莉酸甲酯对BNS366雄性育性的影响

为探究外源茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)对小麦温敏雄性不育系BNS366雄性育性的影响,以BNS366及其近等基因系郑麦366为试验材料,在正常秋季播种(2020年10月12日)和晚播(2020年12月2日)条件下,分别于2021年3月22日和3月31日开始至开花期前,设置0(清水,对照)、50、100、200、300、400和500μmol·L^(-1) MeJA(水溶液,喷施)7个处理,比较分析了不同处理间花粉可育率和自交结实率的差异。结果表明:在正常秋季播种条件下,郑麦366花粉可育率、国内法自交结实率和国际法自交结实率分别为86.31%、70.36%和112.22%,在晚播条件下分别为82.53%、92.53%和166.18%,均正常可育;在正常秋季播种条件下,200μmol·L^(-1) MeJA处理的国际法自交结实率为70.15%,比对照显著降低了42.07个百分点;在晚播条件下,200、300和500μmol·L^(-1) MeJA处理的国内法自交结实率分别为74.71%、74.01%和73.45%,比对照显著降低了17.82、18.52和19.08个百分点;在两个播期下,郑麦366其他浓度MeJA处理的上述3个指标与对照差异均不显著。在正常秋季播种条件下,BNS366花粉可育率为零,达到全不育水平,国内法自交结实率和国际法自交结实率均为0.24%,100μmol·L^(-1) MeJA处理的花粉可育率为88.25%,达到正常可育水平,国内法自交结实率和国际法自交结实率分别为56.41%和94.01%,能正常结实,与对照差异达到显著水平;在晚播条件下,BNS366的上述3个指标分别为51.72%、41.23%和93.08%,正常可育,100μmol·L^(-1) MeJA处理的国际法自交结实率为39.72%,比对照显著降低了53.36个百分点;在两个播期下,BNS366其他浓度MeJA处理的上述3个指标与对照差异均不显著。由此说明,在2020-2021年,外源MeJA对郑麦366和BNS366可育植株的雄性育性可能具有降低效应,对BNS366不育植株的雄性不育性具有较强恢复效应。

小麦茎部镉积累性状全基因组关联分析及优异位点挖掘

小麦镉(Cd)污染日益加重,严重威胁食品安全和人类健康,培育和应用低镉积累品种是降低镉污染小麦风险的最有效途径之一,通过分子标记辅助手段可加快低镉积累特性小麦的筛选和培育。本研究选用175份小麦种质材料,种植于陕西省镉中度污染农田,对灌浆初期小麦茎部镉含量、镉富集系数和转运系数进行聚类分析,筛选出10个低镉积累特性种质。同时利用小麦660K单核苷酸多态性(SNP)芯片,通过3种模型对茎部镉含量、生物富集系数和转运系数进行全基因组关联分析,共鉴定到33个相关遗传位点,其中28个是新的SNP位点。针对茎部镉含量和转运系数3A上的2个主效QTL,开发了KASP标记,并在验证群体中明确了其准确性和实用性。基于基因注释和同源基因比对,预测了10个基因可能直接参与小麦镉积累转运相关生物过程;其中TraesCS3A02G289200基因是一个热休克转录因子,它在水稻中的同源基因(OsHsfA4a)被验证能够提高水稻对镉的耐受性。10个低镉积累特性种质及相关基因可用于小麦耐镉污染育种及有效分子标记开发。

基于GYT双标图对北部冬麦区国审小麦品种的回溯分析

北部冬麦区是我国重要的小麦主产区之一,对该麦区历年国审小麦品种进行回溯分析有助于小麦品种资源的合理利用。本研究基于产量与熟期、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、容重、品质指数、抗病指数和抗寒指数等性状的组合,采用品种-产量×性状组合(GYT,genotype by yield×trait)双标图方法对2003-2023年期间北部冬麦区47个国审小麦品种进行了综合分析和分类评价。结果表明,47个国审小麦品种可划分为4个特征显著的品种类型。其中,Ⅰ型品种综合表现优秀,在产量与早熟性、抗病性、抗寒性、千粒重和容重等性状组合上表现突出,在产量与穗数、穗粒数和品质指数组合上表现优良,在生产上推广应用价值最高,主要包括京麦179、京农16和津麦3118等8个品种。Ⅱ型品种综合表现优良,在产量与品质指数、穗数组合上表现突出,在产量与抗病指数、抗寒指数组合上表现稍差,在生产上推广应用价值较高,但应注意生产安全,主要包括京麦202、京农19和轮选158等13个品种。Ⅲ型品种的产量与抗病和抗寒指数组合最好,但在其余性状组合上表现差,综合生产应用价值有限,可作为抗性亲本。Ⅳ型品种综合表现较差,可选择单性状表现优良的品种作为育种亲本应用。根据各品种在GYT双标图ATA轴上的投影位置,筛选出综合表现优良的京麦179、京农16、津麦3118、京麦189、京麦202、京花12号、京农19、轮选158和中麦623等品种。本研究采用GYT双标图分析方法基于“产量-性状”组合水平对北部冬麦区小麦品种进行综合评价和分类研究,为其他作物和地区的类似研究提供了参考。

两个小麦品种的抗旱性鉴定与评价

为探索小麦品种‘西农100’和‘周麦18’的抗旱特性,采用大田和盆栽组合试验,通过测定根部性状、萌发率、生理指标和显微结构等,分析其抗旱性。结果表明:‘西农100’的根质量、平均根数、根表面积与体积显著低于‘周麦18’,在水培25 d时,‘西农100’的总根长与最大根长显著高于‘周麦18’。两个品种在PEG胁迫下的发芽率都达到了90%以上,苗期抗旱性等级均为极强。两个品种在苗期干旱胁迫下的幼苗存活率较高,相对含水量无显著差异。‘西农100’在水分临界期受到干旱胁迫后,其产量显著低于‘周麦18’;两个品种的旗叶抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性、渗透调节物质(Pro、可溶性蛋白)含量与小麦的抗旱性呈正相关,复水后抗氧化酶活性随时间逐渐降低至对照水平,渗透调节物质含量显著降低;‘西农100’和‘周麦18’在干旱胁迫下的叶片均出现明显结构变化;总体来说,在水分临界期‘西农100’抗旱性整体弱于‘周麦18’。

黄淮麦区南片两个国审小麦品种穗分化特性及抗倒春寒能力的鉴定与分析

为鉴定黄淮南片麦区国审小麦品种西农100和小麦区域试验对照品种“周麦18”的抗倒春寒能力,采用大田试验调查穗分化特征,人工气候室低温胁迫处理6 h、12 h、24 h后测定结实率、叶片逆境生理指标和显微结构等,并分析了两个品种各个指标间的差异与变化特点。结果表明:在陕西关中大田条件下,西农100比周麦18的穗分化进程提前;倒春寒低温胁迫促使西农100小麦旗叶的SOD与CAT活性增加,而可溶性糖含量显著低于周麦18;同时,低温胁迫使小麦叶片显微结构中厚壁组织出现明显分解与萎缩,西农100低温胁迫6 h叶片厚度较CK(未处理)未发生变化,周麦18叶片厚度则明显减小,低温胁迫12 h以后,两个品种无明显差异。本研究表明,西农100和周麦18都具有一定的抗倒春寒特性,而西农100的抗倒春寒能力相对较强。

基于小样本的小麦施氮量预测方法

针对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)生长周期施肥试验数据少、使用传统预测方法难以进行有效施肥预测的问题,提出一种基于SBS(SMOTE+Bootstrap)数据扩充方法的XGBoost算法预测模型。基于原始的135条施氮量数据划分训练集(80%)和测试集(20%),使用SMOTE方法对训练集和测试集分别进行均衡化处理,以获取更多的特征信息,然后使用Bootstrap方法对均衡化后的数据进行扩充,最后使用XGBoost预测模型进行训练,并与其他机器学习模型进行对比分析。结果表明,使用SMOTE方法均衡数据,较大程度地提高了SBS-XGBoost模型的预测精度,MSE从原始数据的66.802下降至13.027,MAE从原始数据的6.711下降至2.393,R~2从原始数据的0.390上升至0.912。SBS-XGBoost不仅在研究施氮量的预测中表现出色,还能为其他小样本数据的科学预测提供借鉴与参考。

盆栽小麦施用黄粉虫粪改善土壤、促进生长

为探索黄粉虫粪对土壤和植物生长的影响,以小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)为研究材料,利用盆栽法在土壤中施用不同比例的黄粉虫粪,待小麦长到三叶期时测定土壤的pH、电导率、速效养分等指标以及小麦株高和叶绿素含量。结果表明,黄粉虫粪对土壤pH无显著影响;适量施用黄粉虫粪可显著提高土壤的电导率、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,并在1%施用量时达到最大;与施用加黄粉虫粪相比,土壤施用黄粉虫粪可显著提高小麦株高和叶片中叶绿素含量。因而认为在小麦生长土壤中添加1%黄粉虫粪可改善土壤质量并促进小麦生长,黄粉虫粪可作为有机肥用于小麦种植中。

Establishment of a transformation system in close relatives of wheat under the assistance of TaWOX5

Species closely related to wheat are important genetic resources for agricultural production,functional genomics studies and wheat improvement.In this study,a wheat gene related to regeneration,TaWOX5,was applied to establish the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems of Triticum monococcum,hexaploid triticale,and rye(Secale cereale L.)using their immature embryos.Transgenic plants were efficiently generated.During the transformation process,the Agrobacterium infection efficiency was assessed by histochemical staining forβ-glucuronidase(GUS).Finally,the transgenic nature of regenerated plants was verified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-based genotyping for the presence of the GUS and bialaphos resistance(bar)genes,histochemical staining for GUS protein,and the QuickStix strip assay for bar protein.The transformation efficiency of T.monococcum genotype PI428182 was 94.4%;the efficiencies of four hexaploid triticale genotypes Lin456,ZS3297,ZS1257,and ZS3224 were 52.1,41.2,19.4,and 16.0%,respectively;and the transformation efficiency of rye cultivar Lanzhou Heimai was 7.8%.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)analyses indicated that the GUS transgenes were integrated into the distal or near centromere(proximal)regions of the chromosomes in transgenic T.monococcum and hexaploid triticale plants.In the transgenic hexaploid triticale plants,the foreign DNA fragment was randomly integrated into the AABB and RR genomes.Furthermore,the transgene was almost stably inherited in the next generation by Mendel’s law.The findings in this study will promote the genetic improvement of the three plant species for grain or forage production and the improvement of cereal species including wheat for functional genomics studies.

Mapping of powdery mildew resistance genes transferred to common wheat from wild emmer wheat revealed three functional Pm60 haplotypes

Powdery mildew(PM),caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt),is one of the destructive wheat diseases worldwide.Wild emmer wheat(Triticum turgidum ssp.dicoccoides,WEW),a tetraploid progenitor of common wheat,is a valuable genetic resource for wheat disease resistance breeding programs.We developed three hexaploid pre-breeding lines with PM resistance genes derived from three WEW accessions.These resistant pre-breeding lines were crossed with susceptible common wheat accessions.Segregations in the F2populations were 3 resistant:1 susceptible,suggesting a single dominant allele in each resistant parent.Mapping of the resistance gene in each line indicated a single locus on the long arm of chromosome 7A,at the approximate location of previously cloned Pm60 from T.urartu.Sanger sequencing revealed three different Pm60 haplotypes(Hap 3,Hap 5,and Hap 6).Co-segregating diagnostic markers were developed for identification and selection of each haplotype.The resistance function of each haplotype was verified by the virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS).Common wheat lines carrying each of these Pm60 haplotypes were resistant to most Bgt isolates and differences in the response arrays suggested allelic variation in response.

Characterization of a 4.1 Mb inversion harboring the stripe rust resistance gene YR86 on wheat chromosome 2AL

Wheat cultivar Zhongmai 895 was earlier found to carry YR86 in an 11.6 Mb recombination-suppressed region on chromosome 2AL when crossed with Yangmai 16.To fine-map the YR86 locus,we developed two large F2 populations from crosses Emai 580/Zhongmai 895 and Avocet S/Zhongmai 895.Remarkably,both populations exhibited suppressed recombination in the same 2AL region.Collinearity analysis across Chinese Spring,Aikang 58,and 10+wheat genomes revealed a 4.1 Mb chromosomal inversion spanning 708.5-712.6 Mb in the Chinese Spring reference genome.Molecular markers were developed in the breakpoint and were used to assess a wheat cultivar panel,revealing that Chinese Spring,Zhongmai 895,and Jimai 22 shared a common sequence named InvCS,whereas Aikang 58,Yangmai 16,Emai 580,and Avocet S shared the sequence named InvAK58.The inverted configuration explained the suppressed recombination observed in all three bi-parental populations.Normal recombination was observed in a Jimai 22/Zhongmai 895 F2 population,facilitating mapping of YR86 to a genetic interval of 0.15 cM corresponding to 710.27-712.56 Mb falling within the inverted region.Thirty-three high-confidence genes were annotated in the interval using the Chinese Spring reference genome,with six identified as potential candidates for YR86 based on genome and transcriptome analyses.These results will accelerate map-based cloning of YR86 and its deployment in wheat breeding.

Wheat kinase TaSnRK2.4 forms a functional module with phosphatase TaPP2C01 and transcription factor TaABF2 to regulate drought response

SNF1-related protein kinase 2(SnRK2)family members are essential components of the plant abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway initiated by osmotic stress and triggering a drought stress response.This study characterized the molecular properties of TaSnRK2.4 and its function in mediating adaptation to drought in Triticum aestivum.Transcripts of TaSnRK2.4 were upregulated upon drought and ABA signaling and associated with drought-and ABA-responsive cis-elements ABRE and DRE,and MYB and MYC binding sites in the promoter as indicated by reporter GUS protein staining and activity driven by truncations of the promoter.Yeast two-hybrid,BiFC,and Co-IP assays indicated that TaSnRK2.4 protein interacts with TaPP2C01 and an ABF transcription factor(TF)TaABF2.The results suggested that TaSnRK2.4 forms a functional TaPP2C01-TaSnRK2.4-TaABF2 module with its upstream and downstream partners.Transgene analysis revealed that TaSnRK2.4 and TaABF2 positively regulate drought tolerance whereas TaPP2C01 acts negatively by modulating stomatal movement,osmotic adjustment,reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis,and root morphology.Expression analysis,yeast one-hybrid,and transcriptional activation assays indicated that several osmotic stress-responsive genes,including TaSLAC1-4,TaP5CS3,TaSOD5,TaCAT1,and TaPIN4,are regulated by TaABF2.Transgene analysis verified their functions in positively regulating stomatal movement(TaSLAC1-4),proline accumulation(TaP5CS3),SOD activity(TaSOD5),CAT activity(TaCAT1),and root morphology(TaPIN4).There were high correlations between plant biomass and yield with module transcripts in a wheat variety panel cultivated under drought conditions in the field.Our findings provide insights into understanding plant drought response underlying the SnRK2 signaling pathway in common wheat.

Development and identification of two novel wheat-rye 6R derivative lines with adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew and high-yielding potential

Powdery mildew,caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt),is a devastating disease that seriously threatens wheat yield and quality.To control this disease,host resistance is the most effective measure.Compared with the resistance genes from common wheat,alien resistance genes can better withstand infection of this highly variable pathogen.Development of elite alien germplasm resources with powdery mildew resistance and other key breeding traits is an attractive strategy in wheat breeding.In this study,three wheat-rye germplasm lines YT4-1,YT4-2,and YT4-3 were developed through hybridization between octoploid triticale and common wheat,out of which the lines YT4-1 and YT4-2 conferred adult-plant resistance(APR)to powdery mildew while the line YT4-3 was susceptible to powdery mildew during all of its growth stages.Using genomic in situ hybridization,multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization,multi-color GISH,and molecular marker analysis,YT4-1,YT4-2,and YT4-3 were shown to be cytogenetically stable wheat-rye 6R addition and T1RS.1BL translocation line,6RL ditelosomic addition and T1RS.1BL translocation line,and T1RS.1BL translocation line,respectively.Compared with previously reported wheat-rye derivative lines carrying chromosome 6R,YT4-1 and YT4-2 showed stable APR without undesirable pleiotropic effects on agronomic traits.Therefore,these novel wheat-rye 6R derivative lines are expected to be promising bridge resources in wheat disease breeding.

Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis Illuminates the Molecular Mechanisms of the Drought Resistance Improved by Alginate Oligosaccharides in Triticum aestivum L.

Alginate oligosaccharides(AOS)enhance drought resistance in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),but the definite mechanisms remain largely unknown.The physiological and transcriptome responses of wheat seedlings treated with AOS were analyzed under drought stress simulated with polyethylene glycol-6000.The results showed that AOS promoted the growth of wheat seedlings and reduced oxidative damage by improving peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities under drought stress.A total of 10,064 and 15,208 differentially expressed unigenes(DEGs)obtained from the AOS treatment and control samples at 24 and 72 h after dehydration,respectively,were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites(phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,flavonoid biosynthesis),carbohydrate metabolism(starch and sucrose metabolism,carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms),lipid metabolism(fatty acid elongation,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,alpha-linolenic acid metabolism,cutin,suberine and wax biosynthesis),and signaling transduction pathways.The up-regulated genes were related to,for example,chlorophyll a-b binding protein,amylosynthease,phosphotransferase,peroxidase,phenylalanine ammonia lyase,flavone synthase,glutathione synthetase.Signaling molecules(including MAPK,plant hormones,H_(2)O_(2) and calcium)and transcription factors(mainly including NAC,MYB,MYB-related,WRKY,bZIP family members)were involved in the AOS-induced wheat drought resistance.The results obtained in this study help underpin the mechanisms of wheat drought resistance improved by AOS,and provides a theoretical basis for the application of AOS as an environmentally sustainable biological method to improve drought resistance in agriculture.

生物菌肥下小麦苗期生长及土壤微生物的特征

为了探究不同生物菌肥对小麦生长、土壤肥力及微生物数量的影响,采用盆栽试验,以小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)为试验对象,不施肥为对照(CK),设置水溶性盐碱地复合菌(A)、不溶性盐碱地复合菌(B)、枯草芽孢杆菌(C)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(D)4种生物菌肥及3个施用量梯度,并测定小麦苗期生长指标、土壤理化性质及土壤微生物数量。结果表明,施用4种生物菌肥处理的小麦苗期株高、叶绿素SPAD及地上部干物质质量均高于CK,且各处理小麦苗期生长指标随着生物菌肥用量的增加而提高;施用4种生物菌肥处理的土壤有机质、全量养分(全氮、全磷、全钾)和速效养分(碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾)含量均高于CK;各生物菌肥处理盆栽小麦土壤可培养细菌数量和放线菌数量均高于CK,而真菌数量均低于CK。通过主成分分析可知,枯草芽孢杆菌在施用量为0.80 g/kg时对土壤的改善效果最佳。

种子生产过程中不同施氮量下产出小麦种子的活力变化

为了探究氮肥对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)种子活力的影响,找出最佳施肥量,试验选用小麦品种济麦22号为试验材料,收获不同施氮量下的种子进行标准发芽试验,并测定了产出种子的发芽情况、苗期生长及生理指标。结果表明,纯氮施用量为154、220 kg/hm2时小麦产量和产出小麦种子活力指数最高,适宜高活力小麦种子生产;在不施氮下,种子的产量和活力指数均最低,种子含水量高,发芽速率最快,说明不施氮产出的种子质地变得松散,在发芽时更容易吸收水分,从而加快发芽进程。在各施氮水平下,种子萌发指数变化不大。种子蛋白质绝对含量与幼苗干重间存在着极显著的相关性(P<0.01)。

小麦赤霉病不同药剂防治田间效果的对比

为了筛选出适合湖北省南漳县小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)赤霉病的防控药剂,采用40%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇、20%氟唑菌酰羟胺+25%丙环唑、48%氰烯·戊唑醇、45%戊唑·咪鲜胺、30%醚菌·氟环唑、5×10^(8)CFU/g多粘类芽孢杆菌、20%井冈·枯芽菌共7种药剂进行小麦赤霉病防治试验。结果表明,20%氟唑菌酰羟胺+25%丙环唑和30%醚菌·氟环唑病指防效较好,分别为88.05%和81.39%,其中20%氟唑菌酰羟胺+25%丙环唑处理的实际小麦产量为7 353.75 kg/hm^(2)。考虑到20%氟唑菌酰羟胺+25%丙环唑组合的防治成本,可以在南漳县优先推广30%醚菌·氟环唑和40%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇对小麦赤霉病进行防治。

小麦DNA去甲基化酶基因全基因组鉴定及其在籽粒发育中的表达分析

DNA去甲基化酶(dMTase)是一种高度保守的表观遗传修饰因子,涉及许多生物学过程,包括生长发育、应激反应和次生代谢。本研究基于小麦基因组数据,对小麦DNA去甲基化酶基因(TadMTase)进行了全面鉴定和生物信息学分析。结果表明,小麦基因组中包含18个TadMTase基因,分布于小麦15条染色体上。系统进化分析将TadMTase分为ROS、DML3、DML4和DML5等4个亚家族,亚家族之间的TadMTase基因序列长度和内含子数量存在差异,但同一个系统进化树分支中的亚族成员具有高度相似的基因结构、保守motifs和结构域,为植物dMTase基因家族的直系同源基因,在进化方面具有保守性。亚细胞定位预测TadMTase均定位于细胞核中;通过与小麦祖先物种的进化及共线性分析,发现在小麦异源六倍体形成过程中存在部分TadMTase基因丢失;TadMTase基因家族启动子区域包含大量光信号、植物激素、胁迫响应和生长发育等相关顺式作用元件;转录组数据分析表明TadMTase基因在不同组织器官和籽粒发育不同时期表达模式不同,有一定的组织特异性。进一步RNA-Seq和荧光定量PCR分析表明TaROS1b-1A.1和TaROS1a-5A/D分别在籽粒的种皮和胚乳发育时期显著上调表达,且在强筋和弱筋小麦品种中表达存在差异。结果为TadMTase基因在调控小麦籽粒生长发育及其品质形成中的调控机制提供参考。

高产多抗小麦新品种鄂710818的特征特性及栽培技术

鄂710818系采用双亲杂交经多年系谱法选育而成的高产多抗小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)新品种,该品种在湖北省小麦区域试验中丰产性、综合抗病性、适应性等表现突出,已通过湖北省小麦区域试验,进入审定程序。介绍了鄂710818的品种来源、选育经过、特征特性及栽培技术要点,以期为该品种的推广应用提供依据。介绍了鄂710818的选育经过、特征特性及栽培技术要点。

不同施氮量对秸秆还田条件下棉麦轮作生产的影响

为了研究长江流域棉区棉(Gossypium spp.)麦(Triticum aestivum L.)轮作两熟种植模式下如何降低氮肥投入而提高棉田的综合效益,试验设置了5个氮肥用量处理,分别为低氮(N1,50%N3)、少氮(N2,75%N3)、中氮(N3,棉花季和小麦单季纯氮用量分别为180.0、150.0 kg/hm2)、高氮(N4,125%N3)、富氮(N5,150%N),分析了不同施氮量对小麦和棉花的生育进程、农艺性状、产量性状及棉花纤维品质的影响,并对不同处理间的经济效益、土地利用率和生产效率进行了分析。结果表明,棉麦轮作总的生产周期在344 d左右,在长江流域棉区发展棉麦轮作是可行的;不同施氮量间小麦的有效穗、穗粒数、产量随着施氮量的增加先增加后减少,综合2年的试验结果,当氮肥水平为高氮(187.5 kg/hm2)时,小麦产量最高;不同施氮量间棉花株高、单株结铃数、子棉产量和皮棉产量差异显著,当氮肥水平为高氮(225.0 kg/hm2)时,子棉产量最高;棉麦周年生产中总产出、生产效率、净利润、收益率和产投比随施氮量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,当施肥量为高氮时值最大,总生产周期和土壤利用率随施氮量的增加而增加。