Evaluation of genotoxicity of Trois through Ames and in vitro chromosomal aberration tests

Objective:To investigate the mutagenic potential of Trois using the bacterial reverse mutation assay(Ames test)and in vitro chromosomal aberration test.Methods:The ability of Trois to induce reverse mutations was evaluated in Salmonella lyphimurium(TA 98,TA100,TAI535 and TA1537)and Escherichia coli(WP2 uvrA)with and without metabolic activation system(S9 mix)at the dose range of 313 to 5000μg/plate.Chromosomal aberrations were evaluated in Chinese hamster lung(CHL)cell line at the dose levels of 15,7.5,3.7,1.9 and 0.9 mg/mL in the absence and presence of S9 mix.Results:There were no increases in the number of revertant colonies at any concentrations of Trois used in the study with and without S9 mix in all tester strains.Trois did not produce any structural aberration in CHL cells in the presence or absence of S9 mix.Conclusions:Results of this study suggest that Trois is non-mutagenic.

MAT1 correlates with molecular subtypes and predicts poor survival in breast cancer

Objective：Menage a trois 1（MAT1）is a targeting subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase and general transcription factor IIH kinase,which modulates cell cycle,transcription and DNA repair.Its dysregulation is responsible for diseases including cancers.To further explore the role of MAT1 in breast cancer,we investigated the pathways in which MAT1 might be involved,the association between MAT1 and molecular subtypes,and the role of MAT1 in clinical outcomes of breast cancer patients.Methods：We conducted immunohistochemistry staining on tissue microarray and immunofluorescence staining on sections of MAT1 stable breast cancer cells.Also,we performed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis,correlation analysis and prognosis analysis on public databases.Results：MAT1 was involved in multiple pathways including normal physiology signaling and disease-related signaling.Furthermore,MAT1 positively correlated with the protein status of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor,and was enriched in luminal-type and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-enriched breast cancer in comparison with basal-like subtype at both m RNA and protein levels.Correlation analysis revealed significant association between MAT1 m RNA amount and epithelial markers,mesenchymal markers,cancer stem cell markers,apoptosis markers,transcription markers and oncogenes.Consistently,the results of immunofluorescence stain indicated that MAT1 overexpression enhanced the protein abundance of epidermal growth factor receptor,vimentin,sex determining region Y-box 2 and sine oculis homeobox homolog 1.Importantly,Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis reflected that MAT1 could serve as a prognostic biomarker predicting worse relapse-free survival and metastasis-free survival.Conclusions：MAT1 is correlated with molecular subtypes and is associated with unfavorable prognosis for breast cancer patients.

颞叶内侧癫痫患者颞叶皮层致痫灶中Nogo-A信号通路的表达

目的研究Nogo-A及其下游信号通路在MTLE患者颞叶皮层的表达,探讨其在癫痫后异常神经环路形成过程中的作用。方法收集本科MTLE患者颞叶皮层标本12例与正常颞叶皮层标本12例,采用RT-PCR、Western blot、免疫组化方法检测Nogo-A、NgR、P75(NTR)、Lingo-1、Troy表达情况。结果MTLE患者颞叶皮层致痫灶中出现神经元丢失、细胞排列结构紊乱、极性消失和胶质增生等病理改变。与正常对照相比,MTLE患者颞叶皮层Nogo-A mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.01),NgR mRNA和蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01);Nogo-A蛋白在神经元中表达显著升高(P<0.01),而在胶质细胞中表达显著降低(P<0.01);NgR、P75(NTR)、Troy、Lingo-1蛋白主要表达于神经元中,其中前三者表达均显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),而Lingo-1蛋白表达降低不显著(P>0.05)。结论Nogo-A及其下游信号通路在MTLE患者颞叶皮层中的表达发生改变,提示其非常可能参与了异常神经环路的形成过程。

肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子的信号传导通路及其在牙尖形成中的作用

肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子是外胚层来源组织正常发育过程中的重要因子,通过与不同受体结合后介导不同通路而实现众多生物学功能。该因子与受体TROY/EDAR结合后通过介导的信号通路来调控牙尖发育的长度和形态。

肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员TROY的研究进展

TROY(TNFRSF expressed on the mouse embryo)是近年新发现的表达于小鼠胚胎的肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员。TROY在体内分布广泛,尤其高表达于胚胎和成熟的中枢神经系统。研究表明,TROY能与髓鞘抑制因子Nogo NgR1及脑内神经再生抑制因子(LINGO-1)形成功能受体复合物,参与中枢神经系统轴突生长抑制因子的信号转导;TROY还能诱导细胞副凋亡,促进某些细胞的增殖分化。本文就TROY在上述相关领域的研究进展作一综述。

Stem cells in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer(GC) is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated mortality worldwide.Cancer stem cells(CSCs),which were first identified in acute myeloid leukemia and subsequently in a large array of solid tumors,play important roles in cancer initiation,dissemination and recurrence.CSCs are often transformed tissue-specific stem cells or de-differentiated transit amplifying progenitor cells.Several populations of multipotent gastric stem cells(GSCs) that reside in the stomach have been determined to regulate physiological tissue renewal and injury repair.These populations include the Villin+ and Lgr5+ GSCs in the antrum,the Troy+ chief cells in the corpus,and the Sox2+ GSCs that are found in both the antrum and the corpus.The disruption of tumor suppressors in Villin+ or Lgr5+ GSCs leads to GC in mouse models.In addition to residing GSCs,bone marrow-derived cells can initiate GC in a mouse model of chronic Helicobacter infection.Furthermore,expression of the cell surface markers CD133 or CD44 defines gastric CSCs in mouse models and in human primary GC tissues and cell lines.Targeted elimination of CSCs effectively reduces tumor size and grade in mouse models.In summary,the recent identification of normal GSCs and gastric CSCs has greatly improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular etiology of GC and will aid in the development of effective therapies to treat patients.

The Troyan Terrorism as an Established Order （Disciplina）, or the Nomadic Colonatus（Mission of Mith in the space of Sir Thomas More’s “Utopia”）

The Troyan horse served here as a sufficiently vivid picture to enter into the history conflicts of an archetypal symbol of treachery and robbery, a metaphor for domination, a monad of violence and its justification. The body of terrorism rests not on ideology/beliefs/religions-it is purely a practical idea, behind which there is only one thing： terra nova-the habitat. It is necessary to look for other reasons for the massacres and public executions of modern times, because no religion calls for open murder-only dogmatists armed with faith, craved crusaders hikes, and therefore cannot be recognized and accepted as responsible for the murder. This is the search for the guilty, but only the person is guilty-the fault is his area of responsibility. The Utopians of Thomas More, who revered Mithra, acted like him： like Greek gods, they interfered in human wars, descending from heaven, and restored justice by waging war beyond their state borders, as if protecting the inviolability of their territory and their laws, whose rejection, like, and encroachment on them, led to armed conflicts, the purpose of allowing them was the introduction of forced disciplina （established order）, sanctioned by Mithra himself. It is this identity that allows us to consider Utopia as an extended invective for the entire social order, regardless of time and place, and in particular the state as a paramilitary mechanism for the improvement of the human hostel, based on regulations that allow and, more often, provoke its violation, since destabilization is the driving force of existence. This polar involvement of Mithra in the war lies hidden in the very aporia of the world-war, which turns the god of treaties into the chthonic deity of destruction and murder.

缺血预处理上调TROY表达诱导大鼠局灶性脑缺血耐受

目的研究缺血预处理(IPC)对局灶性脑缺血的保护作用以及对TNFRSF expressed on the mouse embryo(TROY)表达的影响。方法33只雄性成年SD大鼠,随机分为预处理6 h组(IPC-6组,11只)、预处理72 h组(IPC-72组,11只)和缺血组(CI组,11只)。利用线栓法建立大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)致局灶性脑缺血模型。MCAO 10 min作为IPC,IPC-6和IPC-72组分别在IPC后6 h和72 h制作短暂性局灶性脑缺血模型。再灌注24h后,对所有动物行神经功能缺损评分(NDS),并处死大鼠取脑.应用2%TTC染色测定梗死容积、TUNEL染色研究细胞凋亡情况和免疫组化观察TROY表达变化。结果与CI组比较,IPC-72组显著改善局灶性脑缺血24h后大鼠神经功能损害[两组评分分别为2(1.5-3),1(0-2)],减少脑梗死容积[(299.33±70.98)mm^3,(69.25±47.66)mm^3],抑制细胞凋亡和增强TROY的表达(阳性细胞数分别为42±11,87±17)(P<0.01)。结论IPC对其后局灶性脑缺血有明显的保护作用,能诱导脑缺血耐受,可能与TROY表达上调相关。

Troy Jackson:用品质迎接智能门锁行业井喷

智能家居时代对智能锁的需求有哪些?近两年,智能门锁行业的发展进入快车道,预计未来几年将呈爆发趋势。'从全世界范围来看,智能锁的年复合增长率大约在20%,亚太区的年复合增长率在30%,在中国市场则超过了35%,以上数据获得行业认可,智能锁市场确实会迎来一个喷发期。而作为全球开门解决方案的领先者,亚萨合莱可以促使该数据变得更加庞大。