Research on Landscape Construction of the Tropical Rainforest Scenic Area ——A Case Study of Yanuoda Rainforest Scenic Area in Sanya City, Hainan Province

With its unique attractiveness, abundant natural and tourism resources, tropical rainforest plays a significant role in improving global climatic conditions and protecting the diversity of species, thus how to protect and properly utilize resources in the development of tropical rainforest is the top issue to be discussed. With the study case of Yanuoda Rainforest Scenic Area in Sanya, the landscape design principles and creation techniques of tropical scenic areas are to be discussed in this paper.

Landscape ecological assessment and eco-tourism development in the South Dongting Lake Wetland, China

As an important resource and the living environment of mankind, wetland has become gradually a highlight, strongly concerned and intensively studied by scientists and sociologists. The governments in the world and the whole society have been paying more and more attention on it. The Dongting Lake of China is regarded as an internationally important wetland. For a rational development and protection of the wetland, an investigation and studied on its resources and its value to tourism in the South Dongting Lake was conducted, to create an assessment system of the ecological landscapes, and to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the value of wetland landscape to the eco-tourism. The results showed that the scenic value of the South Dongting Lake Wetland satisfied the criterion of AAAA grade of China national scenic attraction. The eco-tourism value of the landscape cultures in the South Dongting Lake Wetland was discussed with emphasis. It were formulated that a principle and frame of sustainable exploitation of the wetland landscapes and it was proposed as well that establishing a Wetland Park and developing eco-tourism in the South Dongting Lake. Wetland is a fragile ecosystem with low resistance to the impact of the exploitation. Thus, we must pay intensively attention to the influence of exploitation on the landscape, take the ecological risk in account to employ a right countermeasure and avoid the negative affection.

Plant Landscape Design Language of Small Street Parks in Tropical Coastal Regions:A Case Study of Zhanjiang City

Small urban street parks play an irreplaceable role in protecting ecological environment of cities and beautifying living spaces of citizens, in these parks plant is an essential landscaping element that can not only improve environmental quality, but also provide visual enjoyment for viewers. There are many small street parks in Zhanjiang City, however, plant landscapes in such parks lack in regional characteristics because of blind copy and random planting. By analyzing plant landscapes in typical street parks in Zhanjiang, and borrowing the theoretical research framework of linguistics, this paper concluded the vocabulary, sentence,chapter and grammatical rules of plant landscape design, in order to explore new methods for the plant landscape design of small parks in tropical coastal regions.

Carbon stocks in a highly fragmented landscape with seasonally dry tropical forest in the Neotropics

Background:Global modeling of carbon storage and sequestration often mischaracterizes unique ecosystems such as the seasonally dry tropical forest of the central region of the Gulf of Mexico,because species diversity is usually underestimated,as is their carbon content.In this study,aboveground and soil carbon stocks were estimated to determine the climate mitigation potential of this highly degraded landscape(<25%of forest cover).Results:Tree species in the study area had carbon content values that were 30%–40%higher than the standard value proposed by the IPCC(i.e.,50%).Tropical oak forest in the region,despite its restricted distribution and low species richness,accounted for the highest mean carbon stocks per unit area.The main factors driving spatial variability in carbon stocks were:maximum precipitation,soil organic matter,clay and silt content.No strong relationship was found between aboveground carbon stocks and soil organic carbon in the study area.Quanti-fication of carbon stocks is an important consideration in the assessment of the conservation value of remnants of native vegetation in human-modified landscapes.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the importance of the highly fragmented tropical dry regions of the Neo-tropics in maintaining landscape functionality and providing key ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration.Our results also highlight how crucial field-based studies are for strengthening the accuracy of global models.Furthermore,this approach reveals the real contribution of ecosystems that are not commonly taken into account in the mitigation of climate change effects.

Fragmented forest in tropical landscape——the case of the State of Selangor, Malaysia

This paper presents the pattern and changes of fragmented forest in relation with changes of total forest cover in the state of Selangor in three decades. In this study, inventoried forest cover maps of Selangor in 1971/1972, 1981/1982 and 1991/1992 produced by the Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia were digitized to examine the changes in area and number of fragmented forest. Results showed that in 1971/1972, 16 fragmented forests were identified in Selangor. All fragmented forests were identified as dipterocarp forest. A decade later the number of fragmented forests increased by approximately 44% (23). Of the 23 fragmented forests, two were peat swamp forests whereas the remaining were dipterocarp forests. In 1991/1992 the number of fragmented forests (12) was reduced by 47.8%. Two of the fragmented forests were identified as peat swamp forest, seven dipterocarp forest and the other three was mixed of dipterocarp forests and plantation forests. Fragmentation of both dipterocarp and peat swamp forests occurred profoundly during the period between 1971/1972 and 1981/1982, which consequently increased the number of fragmented forests compared with before the period of 1971/1972 where fragmentation happened only at dipterocarp forests. However, many fragmented forests vanished between the 1981/1982 and 1991/1992 periods.

Risk Assessment Mapping of Landscape Development Based on Ecological Service and Goods in Malaysia Lowland Tropical Rainforest

Amongst the impacts of converting forest to agricultural activities are soil erosion and degradation of ecology service values and goods （ESVG）. The soil erosion can be seen as on-site impacts, such as the problems of decreasing soil fertility and also its off-site impact such as the problems of sedimentation of the nearby rivers, whilst the degradation of ESVG are more holistie in nature, These impacts can be devastating in environmental, biological, and socio-economic manners. This paper reports the study undertaken on the impacts of agricultural development in 0.8 million ha of forest dominated landscape in Pasoh Forest Region （PFR）, Malaysia, within period of 8 years from 1995 to 2003. Three folds of impacts on agricultural development examined and analysed, are： （i） relationship of total soil loss and changes in land use pattern, （ii） mapping trends of ESVG for PFR in 1995 and 2003, and （iii） risk assessment of ESVG based on simulation of converting 339,630 ha of primary forest into mass-scale oil palm plantation. Results of this study indicated that although only minor changes of about 1464 ha （about 0.2% of PFR） of primary forest was converted to agricultural activities, it have significantly increased the total soil loss from 59 to 69 million ton/ha/yr. The mean rate of soil is loss for PFR is 0.8 mil ton/ha/yr and if translated into ESVG term, the soil loss costs about US$ 4.8mil/yr. However, majority of the soil loss within all land use classes are within range of very low-low risk categories （〈10 ton/ha/yr）. ESVG for PFR were costing US$ 179 millions in 1995, declined to US$114 millions in 2003 due to 0.2% reduction of forested land. The ESVG of converting 339,630 ha primary forest into mass plantation cost less than original forest within period of 20 years examined; the 20th year of conversion, the ESVG of plantation and to-remain as forest cost US$ 963 and US$ 575 millions, respectively. However, this difference is only marginal when full attributes of ESVG are considered.

Comparison of temporal and spatial changes in three major tropical forests based on MODIS data

Numerous studies have shown that intact tropical forests account for half of the total terrestrial sink for anthropogenic carbon dioxide.Here,we analyzed and compared changes in three main tropical forest regions from 2000 to 2014,based on time-series analysis and landscape metrics derived from moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer data.We examined spatialpattern changes in percentage of tree cover and net primary production(NPP)for three tropical forest regions—Amazon basin,Congo basin,and Southeast Asia.The results show that:the Amazon basin region had the largest tropical forest area and total NPP and a better continuity of TC distribution;the Southeast Asia region exhibited a sharp decrease in NPP and had comparatively separate spatial patterns of both TC and NPP;and the Congo basin region exhibited a dramatic increase in NPP and had better aggregation of forest NPP distribution.Results also show that aggregative patterns likely correlate with high NPP values.

Construction Features of Small Roadside Parks in Tropical Area——A Case Study of Zhanjiang City

Accessibility and flexibility of small roadside parks make them significant transitional spaces in urban landscape environment. Three representative small parks in Zhanjiang City, a typical tropical city in south China, were selected to analyze their location features, spatial processing, demonstration of regional landscapes and recreational characteristics. It was proposed that construction of small roadside parks in tropical area should put human needs on the priority, present regional features of tropical garden landscapes, and focus on inheritance and innovation of regional cultures.

基于AHP-Fuzzy法的海南热带海洋文化景观资源综合评价

海南热带海洋文化景观资源评价,有助于全面了解热带海洋文化景观资源的全貌,文章运用AHP层次分析法和Fuzzy模糊综合评价法来评价海南热带海洋文化景观,从景观自身价值、景观开发潜力、景观开发条件三个方面构建了海南热带海洋文化景观资源综合评价模型,运用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,得出景观自身价值的比重比较大。以两大类九小类的海南热带海洋文化景观为对象进行了模糊评价,验证了评价模型的可行性,根据得出的结论提出相应的对策建议。

基于GIS的海南热带海洋文化景观空间分布及影响因素分析

以海南155处热带海洋文化景观为研究对象,运用平均最近邻指数、核密度估计、地理探测器等方法,通过Arc GIS10.8软件,分析海南热带海洋文化景观空间分布特征及发展影响因素。结果表明:(1)热带海洋文化景观在海南省域范围内呈凝聚型空间分布。(2)热带海洋文化景观在市县尺度下较为集中,海南省各市县区域范围内热带海洋文化景观分布不均衡。(3)根据核密度估算结果,将海南热带海洋文化景观概括为以海口市、三亚市为“双核心”,陵水市—琼海市—万宁市—文昌市、儋州市—东方市为“东西两带”,整体空间即呈现“两核两带”分布特征。(4)影响热带海洋文化景观发展的主要原因是等级公路里程密度、旅游总收入、第三产业生产总值、旅游接待人次。提升交通的可达性与便捷性、高质量发展旅游业等可以有效促进热带海洋文化景观快速发展。

林下冠层结构对大灰藓的生长影响分析

大灰藓Calohypnum plumiforme广泛用于园艺园林产业。为了探究营造近热带雨林林下苔藓景观方法,通过评价大灰藓生长情况、测定林下环境与冠层结构指标,研究林下冠层结构对大灰藓的生长影响。结果表明:1)林下照度、温度、湿度对大灰藓的生长都有较大的影响,其中最适平均照度为50~70×100lx,最适温度为23.2℃~24.2℃,最适湿度为68%rh~70%rh;2)冠层结构主要通过影响林下环境间接影响苔藓的生长,平均叶面积指数、平均林隙分数、平均叶倾角、平均冠层表观聚集度因子均与林下平均照度、平均温度有显著的相关性,与平均湿度则无显著相关性;3)冠层结构的叶面积指数为2.5~3.5、平均林隙分数为0.08~0.1、平均叶倾角为35~45、平均冠层表现聚集度因子为0.8~1时更适合大灰藓的生长。群落模式可总结为:上层为叶片大小中等且叶片不太密集的树种,中下层为大叶灌木或者草本,下层为低矮蕨类,进而营造出多层次的近热带雨林苔藓景观。

THE PRELIMINARY STUDY ON LANDSCAPE CULTURE ORIENTATION AND EXPLOITATION OF THE SOUTH DONGTING LAKE WETLAND

Dongting Lake is internationally a n important wetland.We studied and s ummarized the conception,func-tion,classification and current situation of the wetland-landscape cu lture in this region.The results showed that the cul-ture of Dongting Lake wetland was ric h in diversity,which are the Rice Cul tivation Culture,high-balustrade dwelling,Nuo Culture,Ship Culture,Dragon Bo at Culture,Chu Culture,Ancient Arc hitecture Landscape,Wetland Foodstuff and Cuisine Culture,Civil Art,Historic Heritage and Cultural Relics,Revolutionary Sites and Ruins,and Production and Living Culture,etc.We also evaluated the eco-tourism value of wetland l andscape culture,and analyzed its f eatures and orientation.The results revealed t hat the south Dongting Lake wetland p lays a key role on the Changjiang(Yangtze)River reaches civilization and Chinese civilization,even has great influence on the global civilization.We summ arized that the soul of the south Dongting Lake Cultu re was Wetland Culture,Water Cultur e,Rice Cultivation and Chu Culture.The thoughts,principles and approaches of sustainable exploitation and ut ilization of the wetland landscape c ulture were formulat-ed and suggested.

Demonstration of Hainan Regional and Cultural Eco-Elements in Hotel Landscape Design:A Case Study of Landscape Design of Embrace Sea Villas Hotel in Sanya City,China

From the perspectives of hotel road profile,orientation of plant color combination,interpretation of Cultural eco-elements,and landscape design of Embrace Sea Villas Hotel was taken for example to explore the ways of demonstrating regional cultural characteristics in hotel landscape designs on Hainan Island. Eco-design techniques of tropical landscapes were combined to facilitate the formation of harmonious holiday resort images on the island,and enhance the public acceptance of the characteristic vacation culture of Hainan.

傲雪凌霜学者脊梁——孙筱祥先生对当代公园和植物园建设发展的开创性、前瞻性贡献及深远国际影响

【意义】随着国家植物园和华南国家植物园于2022年相继揭牌成立,当代公园和植物园的发展历程引起了更加广泛的关注。孙筱祥先生是中国现代风景园林领域的先驱和开拓者,其风景园林作品包括花港观鱼公园、杭州植物园、北京林业大学教学植物园、北京植物园(现国家植物园)、中国科学院华南植物园(现华南国家植物园)、海南植物园、厦门市园林植物园、深圳市仙湖植物园、中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园和云南景东亚热带植物园。纵观这些作品的诞生、演变及创作时代背景,系统性地总结孙先生的理论、实践和职业生涯,对于当代公园和植物园建设发展史的研究至关重要。【评论】孙筱祥先生集教育家、园林家、花卉家、画家、建筑师和大地规划师于一身,他的风景园林作品在时代洪流中脱颖而出,成为永恒的经典和传世之作。通过对孙先生70年风景园林史料的分析和研究,从聚焦时代背景的视角,阐述他为当代建设科学与艺术、东方与西方、古典与现代、自然与人文、抽象与现实相结合的世界一流公园和植物园开辟了道路、引领了方向、奠定了基础、树立了典范。【展望】孙筱祥先生的风景园林作品,遍布中国大江南北的不同气候带,他为促进植物多样性物种保存和迁地保护、人类生存环境的可持续发展,以及发挥公园和植物园的生态、社会、美学和经济效应,均做出了不朽的贡献。他的理论思想和园林创作艺术将通过他的杰作代代传扬,持续推动中国和世界风景园林事业的发展。

2015—2020年间海南热带雨林国家公园景观格局变化

海南热带雨林国家公园森林资源富集,探究该地区景观格局时空演变特征,对维护海南岛生态安全屏障具有重要意义。该研究依托2015年和2020年海南热带雨林国家公园地表覆盖数据,建立景观分布格局体系,采用景观格局指数、单一景观动态度和景观转移矩阵的方法,分析海南热带雨林国家公园10类土地覆盖类型的景观格局变化特征,探究其变化的影响因素。结果表明:(1)2015—2020年,海南热带雨林国家公园整体景观破碎度呈现降低趋势,空间集聚性增加,综合动态度较小,景观类型整体较稳定。(2)雨林优势种常绿阔叶林面积不断增加,破碎度减小,呈正向增长态势;针叶林与灌木林面积减少;部分水体转化为湿地等,面积减小;其余景观类型面积占比较小,按自然演替方向发展变化。(3)景观格局演变主要以雨林自然演替为主,其次受政策、气候等因素综合影响。综上所述,自开展海南热带雨林国家公园体制试点以来,其景观格局趋于稳定。政策引导发挥着重要的正向作用,有针对性地开展热带雨林景观保护及修复工作,有助于海南热带雨林国家公园可持续发展。

海南生态智慧新城数字市政厅

“海南生态智慧新城数字市政厅”是高度整体化设计的建筑。首先,其生态设计策略与空间语言是高度整体化的,而且这种生态设计理念也是宋晔皓教授贯彻始终的。在海南气候条件下,运用独特的“生物气候缓冲层”作为空间中介,以及冷巷等多种地域性的传统空间策略,并结合精确的性能模拟计算设计,使得整个建筑成为在极端气候环境中的一个巨型气候调节装置,不仅为功能使用提供了非常友好的空间环境,也创造出多层级、开放的、非确定性的功能空间。其次是建筑与城市景观的整体化。红色的外墙立面与方正的空间体量.

海南热带雨林国家公园高速公路穿越段的生态修复社会化参与方式

海南热带雨林国家公园是我国首批5个国家公园之一,也是唯一分布有高速公路的国家公园。高速公路穿越段地处乡村,地形与景观复杂,需要当地社会化参与,才能顺利开展长期监测和全面的生态修复,有效防控道路带来的景观破碎化和环境污染等问题。本文通过文献资料、野外实验和实地调研,研究发现海南热带雨林国家公园的高速公路穿越段稍有景观破碎化、生境隔离和生态环境质量下降等环境问题,以及该区域以黎族、苗族等少数民族为主的常住人口传统生产生活方式与国家公园建设发展不平衡等社会现状。在此基础上,建议建立政府主导和社会共同参与的生态修复机制,鼓励引导社会组织、专家学者和企业等以志愿服务、科学研究、资本参与等形式,在高速公路穿越段的关键区域(如河流与农田附近)修建收集道路径流的沉淀池与人工湿地,降低道路径流对周边带来的重金属与富营养化污染;增设高架林地与下穿涵洞等生态廊道,提升高速公路两侧生态系统的完整性与景观连续性。同时,借助高速公路的交通便捷等优点,挖掘高速公路穿越段的黎苗传统文化,整合纳入周边景区的规划,发展生态旅游和研学教育,提高公众生态保护意识。社会化参与的生态修复能够有效组织、发动当地社区和社会力量参与生态修复,实现可持续的环境治理,以期促进乡村振兴、国家公园与生态文明的协调发展。

基于热带海洋文化的校园慢行系统建设研究——以海南热带海洋学院为例

近年,大学校园规模在不断扩大,校园人流车流混乱、各类交通冲突等问题日益凸显,一定程度上影响了学生和教职工的日常学习、生活和工作。文章将慢行系统融入校园整体建设中,针对校园内出现的人车冲突、道路安全隐患以及慢行道路缺乏等需要解决的实际问题,结合校园文化与师生的需求,营造便利、连通和美好的慢行环境,构建符合时代发展的校园道路景观,以此增进师生多样活动共生、激发校园活力。

Bugs beneath the surface： the functional significance of soil macroinvertebrates to landscape health in Australia＇s tropical savannas

Soil macroinvertebrates play an important role in sustaining production and biodiversity in Australia＇ s tropical savannas. For example, termites, through their foraging and nesting activities, recycle nutrients and carbon and produce soil pores that facilitate water infiltration. The challenge ahead is to quantitatively understand the relationships and processes that drive this. What roles do different species and functional groups of macroinvertebrates play in various landscape processes？ What are the effects of different land management practices （e.g., domestic cattle grazing, fire） on these relationships, and the consequences for landscape health？ This paper presents preliminary results from studies in northern Australia, that examine the effects of land condition and domestic cattle grazing on soil macroinvertebrates, and the potential for termites to be used as a tool to restore soil function in degraded areas. In northern Australia, increased degradation seems to be associated with declines in the diversity and activity of macroinvertebrates. Termites appear to be one of the most resilient groups, with some species capable of maintaining activity in degraded landscapes.

Spatiotemporal Patterns and Dynamics of Species Richness and Abundance of Woody Plant Functional Groups in a Tropical Forest Landscape of Hainan Island,South China

Tropical forests are among the most species-diverse ecosystems on Earth. Their structures and ecological functions are complex to understand. Functional group is defined as a group of species that play similar roles in an ecosystem. The functional group approach has been regarded as an effective way of linking the compositions of complex ecosystems with their ecological functions. To understand the variation of functional groups in species-rich ecosystems after disturbance, the present study investigated the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of woody plants in a typically fragmented natural forest landscape of Hainan Island in South China. The study area was classified into eight landscape types based on vegetation type, disturbance manner and the time of recovery. The woody plant species were aggregated into seven functional groups based on the growth form, successional status and plant size. The results gained from the present study showed that all functional groups, except for the emergent and canopy tree species, were present in all eight landscape types. Each landscape type had different numbers of dominant functional groups. There are similar species richness and stem abundance structure among functional groups between mid-successional clear cut lowland rainforest and old growth tropical coniferous forest. This similarity exists in selective logged lowland rainforest and old-growth lowland rainforest, as well as among landscape types of montane rainforest. The functional groups with the same successional status had similar patterns of species richness and stem abundance ratios among different landscape types. The variation patterns of functional groups along the successional stages in terms of species richness and stem abundance among the tropical lowland rainforest landscape types were more similar to each other than those in the tropical montane rainforest landscape types. This study provides further support for the competition-colonization tradeoff and successional niche theory as opposed to models of neutrality and ecological equivalence.