“TRUE COLORS”:性格本色理论与实践

流行于北美的“TRUE COLORS”,是一种集公共关系学、教育学、心理学为一体的学说。“TRUE COLORS”是对人们思想行为、举止言行的一种表述,是对人们内心世界的一种规范分类。它采取教育──娱乐相结合的模式,了解自己,了解他人,最大限度地发掘人性中的闪光点,充分发挥每个人的自身的价值。通过“TRUE COLORS”方法,人们可以找到自尊、自爱、自信,不断取得成功。

Unification and Harmonization in True Color Image City Map

True color image city map is a sort of new-style map which combines the high resolution image and map symbols and shows both advantages in visualization. At the same time, the map unification and harmonization should be taken into account dur-ing the design process, since some visual conflicts appear when map symbols overlaid on the true color image. The objective of this research is to explore the rules in the process of true color image city map design based on chromatic and aesthetic knowledge. At the end, taking the Image Atlas of Guangzhou as an example, image color adjustment, road network presentation, and symbol de-signing issues will be discussed in the application.

A labor-free index-guided semantic segmentation approach for urban vegetation mapping from high-resolution true color imagery

Accurate and timely information on urban vegetation(UV)can be used as an important indicator to estimate the health of cities.Due to the low cost of RGB cameras,true color imagery(TCI)has been widely used for high spatial resolution UV mapping.However,the current index-based and classifier-based UV mapping approaches face problems of the poor ability to accurately distinguish UV and the high reliance on massive annotated samples,respectively.To address this issue,an index-guided semantic segmentation(IGSS)framework is proposed in this paper.Firstly,a novel cross-scale vegetation index(CSVI)is calculated by the combination of TCI and Sentinel-2 images,and the index value can be used to provide an initial UV map.Secondly,reliable UV and non-UV samples are automatically generated for training the semantic segmentation model,and then the refined UV map can be produced.The experimental results show that the proposed CSVI outperformed the existingfive RGB vegetation indices in highlighting UV cover and suppressing complex backgrounds,and the proposed IGSS workflow achieved satisfactory results with an OA of 87.72%∼88.16%and an F1 score of 87.73%∼88.37%,which is comparable with the fully-supervised method.

Synthesis of True Color Images from the Fengyun Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager

The production of true color images requires observational data in the red,green,and blue(RGB)bands.The Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager(AGRI)onboard China’s Fengyun-4(FY-4)series of geostationary satellites only has blue and red bands,and we therefore have to synthesize a green band to produce RGB true color images.We used random forest regression and conditional generative adversarial networks to train the green band model using Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager data.The model was then used to simulate the green channel reflectance of the FY-4 AGRI.A single-scattering radiative transfer model was used to eliminate the contribution of Rayleigh scattering from the atmosphere and a logarithmic enhancement was applied to process the true color image.The conditional generative adversarial network model was better than random forest regression for the green band model in terms of statistical significance(e.g.,a higher determination coefficient,peak signal-to-noise ratio,and structural similarity index).The sharpness of the images was significantly improved after applying a correction for Rayleigh scattering,and the images were able to show natural phenomena more vividly.The AGRI true color images could be used to monitor dust storms,forest fires,typhoons,volcanic eruptions,and other natural events.

Dinosaurs’ True Colors

Scientists decode the full-body color patterns of a small-sized dinosaur on March 10, the Beijing Museum of Natural History (BMNH)

Fengyun-3D MERSI True Color Imagery Developed for Environmental Applications

Many techniques were developed for creating true color images from satellite solar reflective bands, and the so-derived images have been widely used for environmental monitoring. For the newly launched Fengyun-3 D(FY-3 D)satellite, the same capability is required for its Medium Resolution Spectrum Imager-II(MERSI-II). In processing the MERSI-II true color image, a more comprehensive processing technique is developed, including the atmospheric correction, nonlinear enhancement, and image splicing. The effect of atmospheric molecular scattering on the total reflectance is corrected by using a parameterized radiative transfer model. A nonlinear stretching of the solar band reflectance is applied for increasing the image contrast. The discontinuity in composing images from multiple orbits and different granules is eliminated through the distance weighted pixel blending(DWPB) method. Through these processing steps, the MERSI-II true color imagery can vividly detect many natural events such as sand and dust storms, snow, algal bloom, fire, and typhoon. Through a comprehensive analysis of the true color imagery, the specific natural disaster events and their magnitudes can be quantified much easily, compared to using the individual channel data.

Digital Jacquard Fabric Design in Colorful Mode

Digital image design is one of advanced technique in textile design. The investigation into digital Jacquard textile design in the colorful mode is one form of research in digital Jacquard fabric design, which aimed at expanding past and present jacquard design and production methods towards innovative ends. In this paper, the design principles and design methods for unconventional digital Jacquard fabric design in colorful mode have been analyzed based on the new technologies and computer applied color theory. The results of this study will enhance further research in the area of digital textile.

FY-3D/MERSI-Ⅱ数据无缝拼接真彩色影像处理方法

针对我国极轨气象卫星风云三号D星搭载的第二代中分辨率光谱成像仪MERSI-II(Medium Resolution Spectrum Imager-Ⅱ)数据提出一种宽幅真彩色影像图处理方法。该方法通过对MERSI-II的3个250 m分辨率的可见光波段进行大气校正处理以及分段增强实现真彩色合成影像,并基于像素加权融合方法和Wallis匀光方法实现了多轨道数据的无缝拼接处理。应用案例显示通过上述处理方法能够获得高质量的直观易解译的遥感监测影像,并且有效地解决了极轨气象卫星单轨数据扫描幅宽限制的缺陷,该方法有助于在突发事件的应急响应中发挥极轨卫星数据的监测服务作用。

地物波谱数据辅助的SPOT影像模拟真彩色方法研究

提出一种新的高分辨率遥感影像真彩色模拟方法。该方法从遥感成像光谱角度,依据地物波谱特性,采用光谱角匹配模型(SAM),首先计算出地物在绿(G)、红(R)、近红外(NIR)以及短波红外(SWIR)波段的整体和局部波谱向量角;然后根据角度距离构建最小距离隶属函数,查找对应地物波谱库中最为相似的地物波谱;最后对此条地物波谱曲线积分计算出该像素点在蓝波段的反射率。实验表明,该方法模拟出的SPOT真彩色影像在视觉效果和空间信息上优于传统的方法。

基于连续MODIS真彩图的霾监测预警新方法——以浙江省一次严重霾污染过程为例

采用NASA MODIS提供的全球影像浏览服务技术（GIBS）支持,并借助开源地理空间数据抽象库（GDAL）工具,实现了每日2次（上午和下午）用户自定义区域MODIS 250m分辨率真彩色图产品从互联网的近实时自动获取,并基于该产品对2014年11月9日～14日浙江省一次大范围霾严重污染事件提前2d成功实现了预警.结果表明：连续的MODIS真彩图产品大幅改善并提高了传统可见光遥感监测灰霾的效果;MODIS 250m真彩色图3通道数据值与地面站点颗粒物浓度之间具有较好的相关性,前者与AQI,PM2.5和PM10之间的相关系数（R）分别为0.62,0.65和0.59.基于连续的MODIS真彩图产品,并结合地面站点数据和天气形式进行综合分析能够及时提供相关预警服务;在业务流程上简单,高效,稳定,尤其对浙江省外源输入性霾识别有着良好的指示作用,具有较好的应用前景.

真彩色城市影像地图统一协调性研究

从认知地图和城市景观差异的角度分析了融合的基本原则,从地图色彩、美学的角度,提出可行的影像预处理以及道路和符号的设计方案,有效地提高了影像地图的统一协调性。

ETM图像地物反射率光谱反演

用搭载在卫星Landsat-7上的多光谱成像仪ETM记录的来自地气系统的辐亮度光谱图像,反演地物反射率光谱,在ETM1波段,反射率反演的不确定度基本上保证在17%以内,2,3波段在10%以内,优于目前常用的简易算法。用反演的地物辐亮度光谱合成的sRGB真彩色图像,清晰度欠佳,未作经验调整时明显偏色,用于航天对地真彩色摄影这一反演精度还不够,但用于目视判读明显优于原图像。

基于人工靶标的多光谱遥感图像真彩色合成

多光谱真彩色合成图像在遥感图像解译判读、目标识别和信息处理等领域具有广阔的应用前景。真彩色合成技术取决于获得准确的X、Y、Z三刺激值,以建立相机RGB三基色体系与人眼视觉颜色体系之间的关系。为此,提出了基于彩色目标光谱信息的多光谱图像真彩色合成方法,通过在卫星过顶时铺设人工靶标,利用实测的靶标反射率光谱,计算相机三基色体系RGB与人眼视觉颜色体系CIEXYZ之间的转换矩阵,构建适用于一定大气条件下的真彩色校正模型。利用高分一号卫星多光谱图像进行真彩色校正实验的结果表明,该方法对色彩丰富度不同的图像均具有较好的颜色校正效果。

应用“资源一号”02C卫星数据的模拟真彩色技术

"资源一号"02C卫星(以下简称02C星)数据缺少蓝光波段,为了得到该星数据的模拟真彩色合成图像,在归纳已有的9种模拟真彩色处理方法的基础上,选择了适合02C星数据蓝光波段构建的线性波段运算模型,以实现02C星数据的真彩色变换;并进一步通过绿光波段和近红外波段的加权,实现了植被区域的真彩色增强显示。实验结果表明:采用针对SPOT5数据构建蓝光波段的加权法得到的02C真彩色合成图像效果最好;基于归一化植被指数(normlized difference vegetation index,NDVI)区分植被区域和非植被区域,并对植被区域进行波段加权处理,在增强植被显示效果的同时,避免了建筑物、水体及裸地等非植被区域的颜色异常变化。

基于神经网络的SPOT数据模拟真彩色非线性方法研究

在总结现有真彩色模拟方法的基础上,提出了一种基于神经网络非线性逼近机制的真彩色模拟方法。该方法充分利用神经网络强大的学习能力,建立波段之间复杂的非线性映射关系。在具体实现上,首先通过对具有真彩色波段TM/ETM+数据的学习训练,得到各个网络节点的权重参数;然后将该组权重参数应用到SPOT影像,模拟出蓝光波段,实现SPOT真彩色合成。在新疆伊犁地区林地调查应用结果表明,非线性方法要明显优于传统的真彩色模拟方法。

低照度条件下三基色获取及真彩色融合方法研究

鉴于低照度条件下彩色成像都是采用微光、红外、紫外等波段图像融合成假彩色,提出一种利用滤光片过滤和像增强器增强的三基色获取及真彩色融合方法。采用F-P滤光片设计出了透射中心在三基色光中心波长的三基色滤光片,对其光谱透过性进行分析;通过旋转三基色滤色轮将目标反射光过滤,使用像增强器对过滤后反射光增强,借助FPGA编写的控制程序实现滤色轮转速和CCD摄像机成像时间的精确同步,利用CCD摄像机获取经增强后的三基色图像,实现目标三基色图像的动态采集。研制的样机在微光实验室进行了三基色采集及融合实验,实验时光照度分别1×10-1 lx(等效于月光下)和1×10-3 lx(等效于星光下),采集速度设置为60f/s,对获取的图像质量进行了评价。结果表明:在照度为1×10-1 lx时,融合后的真彩色图像在灰度均值、灰度方差和信息熵3项指标方面,比3幅单色图像的平均值分别提高了5.06%、5.97%和1.08%;在照度为1×10-3 lx时,融合后的真彩色图像与3幅单色图像的平均值分别提高了13.18%、-9.86和8.65%。

一种基于IFS的二维真彩分形变形方法

提出了一种由迭代函数系统(IFS)所描述的二维真彩分形变形的新方法。首先建立二维真彩IFS分形模型,然后通过仿射变换的对应、规范化、匹配及插值实现了变形过程。实验结果表明:分形吸引子形状颜色过渡自然,这为分形的生成与动画提供了新的有效途径。

QuickBird遥感影像数据融合方法研究

基于影像融合方法和波段组成对遥感影像质量的影响，从清晰度、信息熵等方面，对遥感领域应用较多的几种融合方法及提出的增强真彩色融合法，进行了分析研究。结果表明：增强真彩色融合法更适于QuickBird数据的融合。该方法不仅很好地保留了多光谱影像的光谱信息，而且增强了影像的空间细节表现能力，图像色调接近自然色彩。