The Contribution of Special and Alternative Forms of Tourism to the Sustainable Development of Tourist Destinations:Case Studies

This paper aims to investigate the impact of special and alternative forms of tourism on the sustainable development of tourism destinations,revising the traditional position of tourism development and establishing sustainable development as the only solution to tourism progress of travel destinations.The study includes conceptual approaches to the term tourism,sustainable development and specific and alternative forms of tourism and delves into theoretical approaches that are the bridging of these three central research questions.This is followed by in-depth research through policy analysis of central institutions and regional development stakeholders,as well as further analysis of sustainable development through special and alternative forms of tourism.Key tourism models and theories offer a further understanding of the natural“enemies”and“allies”of sustainable development and how they contribute to its necessity or development.Through a survey and a case study of travel destinations,we conclude the need to couple the term tourism development with sustainable development which is rooted in the healthy coexistence of residents and visitors with respect to the environment,local culture and productive-controlled economic growth.

Sustainable tourism development of globally important agricultural heritage sites:a case study of "traditional rice-fish agriculture system"

Traditional rice-fish agricultural heritage site in Qingtian County, China, one of the pilot sites of Glob-ally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), is of great value in tourism development. This paper aims to explore how to realize sustainable tourism development in agricultural heritage site through identifying current problems in GIAHS site, and making constructive recommendations for coupled development of heritage preserva-tion and economic development. Field survey was carried out and data was collected through fi eld questionnaire surveys of tourists and residents in Longxian Village of Qingtian County, as well as interviews of residents with semi-structured questionnaires for their perceptions and attitudes to tourism development. The following results are got: (1) the tourism industry is still at its early state of Nongjiale tourism (enjoy and experience authentic country life-style), under very limited administrative management; (2) what attracts visitors most are delicious f ish and beautiful natural environment, but not agricultural heritage itself; (3) most tourists come from adjacent areas and stay only half a day, many of whom pay their visits twice or more; (4) a few local residents take part in the activities of tourism industry, but in very limited manners even if they do. Current patterns of tourism development are casting negative impacts on agricultural heritage. Conservation of agricultural heritage should be put in the fi rst place for sustainable tourism development. Agricultural heritage, as a key attraction, should be taken as the focus for tourism development. The important thing is to change the present Nongjiale tourism into real heritage tourism, to establish a cooperative mechanism among different stakeholders, and to increase local residents' income through engaging in tourism industry.

Research on the Development of Green Hotels in the Context of Low Carbon Tourism

With the continuous implementation of national measures related to carbon neutrality strategy,the concept of a low-carbon economy has been deeply rooted in people’s hearts.Low-carbon tourism has gradually become an inevitable trend,and the tourism industry is also undergoing orderly transformation and upgrading.To promote the sustainable development of the tourism industry,the tourism and hotel industry should also shift towards a low-carbon and green model.Hotel activities can easily bring related environmental issues,such as energy consumption,garbage generation,ecological pollution,etc.Therefore,building a green hotel will bring huge social and economic benefits to the low-carbon tourism industry.This article will address the above issues and take a low-carbon economy as the starting point,proposing sustainable development strategies and suggestions for green hotels from both the internal and external environment of the hotel,creating a low-carbon management atmosphere,and promoting the low-carbon operation of the green hotel industry.

Sustainable tourism development in mountain areas in Sumadija and Western Serbia

Sustainable tourism,as an integral part of sustainable development,emerged as a logical outcome of preventing the uncontrolled and excessive use of tourism resources and attractions.This study analyzes whether mountain tourism development in Serbia can be sustainable and feasible in the long term.Given the heterogeneity of mountains in Serbia in terms of tourism development,the subject of this research is the achieved level of sustainable tourism development in mountains in the most developed and most visited region in Serbia-sumadija and Western Serbia:Zlatibor,Kopaonik,Tara,Zlatar,Mokra Gora and Go?.The sustainable tourism development level was analyzed by using five groups of the EU’s comparative indicators:economic,social,cultural,environmental and tourist satisfaction indicators.The results showed that the development of tourism in the examined mountains is not fully aligned with sustainable development.The tourist satisfaction indicator has the most acceptable values,which is a good basis for further harmonization of tourism development on the principles of sustainability.Economic indicators,especially the ratio of overnight stays and accommodation capacities,show the most unacceptable values,which indicate the need for implementing changes in the process of tourism development in the coming period.The analysis of sustainable tourism in mountain areas in sumadija and the Western Serbia undoubtfully points out that it is necessary to significantly change the current tourism product portfolio,which implies harmonizing mountain tourism development with global trends.Certainly,a comparative analysis that looks at the degree of sustainability of mountain tourism in some countries of the Alpine region,such as Switzerland,Austria and Slovenia,contributes to this.The more intensive development of tourism throughout the year would significantly improve indicators of sustainable tourism in all analyzed mountain areas of Sumadija and Western Serbia.This would improve the value of economic indicators,which are marked as the most unsustainable.The development of tourism in the summer season,especially recreational and adventure tourism,would improve the social and cultural component of sustainable tourism.Environmental dimension of sustainable tourism would be enhanced by the development of ecotourism.By connecting spatially close mountains(Zlatibor,Zlatar,Tara and Mokra Gora)into a unique and integrated tourism destination,synergistic effects would be achieved resulting in international recognition and making the region of?umadija and Western Serbia competitive on the European market.

Evaluation of Tourism Status in Sustainable Rural Development by Reynard Model (Case Study: Pa Ghaleh Village, Mamasani County, Iran)

The greatest service industry and income gainer throughout the world occupies a special role and position in developing geographical areas. This study attempts to use “Reynard” model to investigate the role of tourism and its effects on the development of rural settlements with emphasis on Pa Ggaleh Village, which is one of the environs in Mamasani, Iran. Due to its historical and religious attractions and natural and cultural landscapes, this village is highly significant and has the potential to become a tourism hub and attract tourists. The methodology applied in this research is cross-sectional. Tourism potentials of Pa Ghaleh village are identified and evaluated in this study. Geological maps, topographies and field data are used to evaluate the district attractions. Their tourism potentials are also evaluated and rated using Reynard model. According to the sub-criteria of rarity and historical geography, the research results indicate that scientific value has the highest rank. In other words, tourism places in Pa Ghaleh village include 72% of scientific value, 0.59% of added value and 0.57% of compound value.

The Discussion on the Interaction and Integration of Modern Agriculture and Rural Tourism Sustainable Development

The thesis summarizes the connotation of rural tourism and divides it into six types,including rural sight-seeing,rural body-building activity,rural folk culture,rural experience of farm work,rural business affairs,and study and development.It outlines the theory of sustainable development of rural tourism and points out that what sustainable development of tourism concerns is the coordination of ecology,economy,and society centering on human and nature.On the basis of introducing the connotation of modern agriculture,it divides modern agriculture into six types,including sightseeing agriculture,leisure agriculture,green agriculture,characteristic agriculture,factory agriculture,and three-dimensional agriculture.And by concluding,it obtains the combination model of modern agriculture and rural tourism.Based on the introduction of the above related theories,the thesis discusses the interaction and integration model of the sustainable development of modern agriculture and rural tourism.It emphatically analyzes the integration model of modern agriculture and rural tourism,including pastoral agriculture tourism model(sightseeing village,leisure farm,citizen farm),and science education tourism model(agricultural science and technology education base,tourism and leisure education agricultural park,children's,agricultural education base,agricultural exposition).Based on the interaction and integration relationship between modern agriculture and rural tourism,the thesis puts forward corresponding countermeasures so as to promote their positive development and realize the maximum of ecological,social and economic benefits.

Tourism Development and Sustainable Development of Disaster Site

The necessity of developing tourism in disaster sites was explored,famous disaster sites in the world were taken for example,and strategies for the tourism development of disaster sites proposed according to the basic theories of sustainable development.

Sustainable development of marine tourism economy in Zhoushan Archipelago New District

Based on the general and concrete principles of index system of marine economy and the choices of the evaluation index, this paper analyzes the index importance by means of AHP and establishes a set of the evaluation index system of marine economy in the Zhoushan Archipelago New District, to which an overall analysis and appraisal is given. The main factors that have limited the sustainable development of marine economy, in combination with the factors that influence its development, are put forward in accordance with its connotation of sustainable development of marine economy and sustainable development strategy based on marine tourism development.

Further development and sustainable utilization mode of grassland tourism resources： a ease study of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Tourism resources are important foundation for the development of tourism industry. Grassland is not only a kind of important resource but also a great attraction to visitors. Therefore, the integrated development and sustainable utilization of grassland tourism resources are of great significance. This paper, based on the analysis of literatures and the current problems existing in grassland tourism, summarizes the speciality of grassland tourism development, deals with the problem of speciality, and raises the modes of regional development, product development and management. This paper takes Inner Mongolia, the famous grassland tourism destination as example and carries out empirical research. Based on the status quo of grassland tourism resources in Inner Mongolia, this study analyzes the character- istics of grassland tourism resources, the necessity and feasibility of integrated development, then proposes the following suggestions: idea for development, mode of development, regional cooperation, tourism products development, espe- cially the three modes of development based on the resources conditions - the mode of relying on market, the mode of combination aggregation and the mode of relying on quality.

Analysis on Behavior Characteristics of Tourists under Perspective of Sustainable Development of Tourism Destinations: A Case Study of Mugecuo Scenic Area in Kangding City of Sichuan Province

Tourists are the subject of tourism activity,and it is conducive to promoting sustainable development of tourism destination by studying their behavior characteristics and tourism perception.Mugecuo Scenic Area in Kangding City,Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province is taken as research case,and visitors and managers in the scenic area are surveyed by using semi-structured interview method.Based on survey data,the research aims to put forward corresponding policy suggestions for sustainable development of Mugecuo Scenic Area by deeply analyzing tourists’ access to information of scenic area,tourists’ travel purpose,tourists’ satisfaction with services of scenic area and willingness to revisit.

The Issues Facing the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism and the Path Selection

There is a long way to go for sustainable development of rural tourism.It is necessary to strengthen the planning for training rural tourism talents,and establish sustainable reserve tourism service personnel;innovate upon the promotion mode of rural tourism and open the tourist source market;strengthen the building of characteristic brand of rural tourism,and create sustainable development core of tourism;give play to the role of government in guiding rural tourism,strengthen the optimization of management of rural tourism market environment,and enhance the rural tourism safety;expand the rural tourism industry chain,and strengthen the management planning of sales market of rural tourism product.

Protecting world heritage in China by enacting laws:Sustainable tourism development

Chinese scholars have been debating how to best protect and utilize world heritage.This study discusses three key perspectives on this issue,which are“conflict-focused”,“compromise-oriented”,and“coordination-oriented”.Some typical incidents,which involve damage to heritage resources,are analyzed before a coordination model is presented that maximizes the compatibility of sustainable tourism development and world heritage protection.Finally,this study explores the possibility of constructing a legal system that engages all the stakeholders in protecting world heritage.Chinese lawmakers,for example,should seize the opportunity to create a law concerning national parks,which will modify and integrate existing laws and regulations in order to produce a comprehensive legal system that embodies the fundamental values of world heritage protection and sustainable tourism development.This system should implement the following:(1)maximize the complementary aspects of and mutual benefits derived from both tourism development and world heritage protection;(2)pay special attention to the various restraints that are inherent in the fundamental requirements for world heritage protection;(3)make world heritage protection sustainable while supporting sustainable tourism development;and(4)emphasize the public-interest nature of profits that are obtained by tourism developers while ensuring that the income from tourism is proportionately allotted to heritage protection.

Rural Tourism and Sustainable Development

The solving of economical and social development problems of rural populated area has particular urgency nowadays. It should be noted that the development of rural tourism is perspective and it gives opportunity to fully use the potential of populated rural area. The objective of research is to study the opportunities of rural tourism development in Georgia and in mountainous region of Adjara. Therefore, the main questions discussed in paper are: to analyze the employment opportunities for the population of rural areas;to foresee the possible secondary income, how to reduce the migration of rural population, especially the youth;possibility to supply the locally produced goods and service and to increase their awareness;and possibilities to develop the industries related to tourism. The joint efforts of government, municipal authorities, and business providers, with the involvement of rural area inhabitants are essential for the development of populated rural territories. The special attention should be addressed to the social initiatives and economic activities of local people through the involvement in the tourism sector development. The rural tourism and entrepreneurship development provide the possibility to solve the main social-economic problems of rural inhabitants.

Sufficiency Economy for Sustainable Human Resource Development in Tourism Business

The purpose of this paper is to suggest the concept of sufficiency economy philosophy to be used in tourism business,especially in human resource development(HRD).This paper covers the analysis and synthesis from literature review,the meaning of sufficiency economy philosophy,sustainable development and human resource.The result has shown that the sufficiency economy philosophy is a measure of well-being(Nothing can be developed sustainably like HRD.Tourism business is a service product that depends on human resources).That is the reason why the sufficiency economy philosophy should be implemented for sustainable HRD in tourism business.

Development of Sustainable Tourism on the Example of the Montenegrin Coast

Sustainable tourism represents a form of tourism which generates and creates economic benefits for the local community and at the same time takes care of the local ecosystem as well as the culture and customs of the local community.This form of tourism is mostly convenient for rural areas which have contained their natural and socio-cultural uniqueness.Unfortunately,the potentials of Montenegro for developing this form of tourism are slightly or almost hardly exploited.A crucial limiting factor for developing ecotourism is a lack of an overall strategy which would stimulate and enhance the development of many potential tourist destinations which did not valorise their tourists during the development of ecotourism,as well as those tourist destinations which did so but in an improper and insufficient way.The aim of this paper is to point out the state and possibilities for developing ecotourism based on sustainable tourism in selected areas along the Montenegrin Coast and to emphasise guidelines for sustainable development of these areas in the future.This is why an empirical research has been conducted based on the method of semi-structured interviews.By developing ecotourism and managing resources in accordance with sustainable development of this area,a high quality tourist product could be offered to the market.

Sustainable Tourism Development Management of Local Cultural Landscapes

Nowa days,ecological and cultural tourism,especially those ancient villages and towns in China,have attracted an in- creasing number of tourists because of their unique cultural fea- tures.However,rapid development of tourism brings economic benefits,but results in a series of problems that threaten further tourism development and protection of ancient towns,such as over-commercialization and tourism urbanization.Taking Long- men ancient town as an example,this paper presented a sustain- able way of preserving and developing resources of ancient vil- lages and towns.First,identify cultural features and the extent of ancient villages and towns,and find the approach through which a cultural landscape zoning can be applied.Second,define a coop- erative function area to release the pressure on core areas and protect their authentic cultures by extending tourism space.Third, balance tourism development with traditional industries to en- hance the sustainability of community economies.

Discussion on Sustainable Tourism Development for Hainan Island

As a pillar industry, tourism industry brings benefits and opportunities to Hainan Island. At the same time, in terms of sustainable development, Hainan Island faces problems and threats such as ecological environment damage,disordered market,low standard education of tourism industry staff.some strategies such as playing dominant role of government,making good use of resource and improving environment awareness of the native can be used in Hainan in order to achieve sustainable development.