Aqueous Components of Tomato Accelerate Alcohol Metabolism by Increasing Pyruvate Level

Consumption of food while drinking alcohol has been suggested to play important roles in alleviating the physiological and pharmacological influences of alcohol. Vegetables are believed to provide health benefits, but there is little evidence for their influence on the effects of alcohol consumption. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a common vegetable, tomato, on alcohol metabolism. In a randomized, controlled, crossover study with12 Japanese healthy men aged between 24 and 56 years, drinking tomato juice containing 5% (v/v) alcohol (TJAlc) significantly attenuated the elevation of blood ethanol level and subsequently increased the level of acetate compared with a water-based alcoholic beverage with an equal dose of alcohol (0.4 g/kg body weight). Significantly higher levels of blood pyruvate and lactate were also observed in subjects who had consumed TJAlc compared with those consuming the water-based beverage. Additionally, a biphasic alcohol effects scale method showed that subjective feelings for alcohol-induced stimulant effects were significantly enhanced by drinking TJAlc. Animal experiments using male Sprague Dawleyrats suggested that the effect on blood biomarkers was attributable to the serum fraction of tomato (TS), which largely consisted of aqueous compounds, but not lipophilic compounds such as the carotenoid lycopene. Furthermore, it was suggested the TS possibly included potent compound(s) in addition to alanine, glutamine, and citric acid, all of which have previously been reported to affect alcohol metabolism. Administration of TS clearly increased the activity of NAD (H)-dependent enzymes such as lactate-(LDH), alcohol-, and aldehyde-dehydrogenase in rat liver cytosols. These findings suggest that aqueous compound(s) in tomato promote alcohol metabolism, probably through increasing pyruvate level, enhancing LDH activity, and improving the ratio of NAD to NADH.

The Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier and Metabolic Regulation

Pyruvate is a key intermediate at the branchpoint of anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolism. Its transport into the mitochondrial matrix is necessary prior to its decarboxylation into acetyl-CoA, which feeds the reducing equivalent-generating tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Although the existence of specific carrier transport of cytosolic pyruvate into the mitochondria has been inferred from a myriad of studies, the identities of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) were only confirmed very recently. Identification of the MPC facilitated several other recent advances. These include the finding of MPC’s inhibition by the insulin-sensitizing drug family thiazolidinediones, how cells respond flexibly to a reduction in MPC functionality, as well as insights into how changes in MPC levels affect oncogenic potential of cancer cells. These new findings, discussed here in this brief review, have important implications in therapeutic approaches towards metabolic disorders and cancer.

Pyruvate is a prospective alkalizer to correct hypoxic lactic acidosis

Type A lactic acidosis resulted from hypoxic mitochondrial dysfunction is an independent predictor of mortality for critically ill patients. However, current therapeutic agents are still in shortage and can even be harmful. This paper reviewed data regarding lactic acidosis treatment and recommended that pyruvate might be a potential alkalizer to correct type A lactic acidosis in future clinical practice. Pyruvate is a key energy metabolic substrate and a pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH) activator with several unique beneficial biological properties, including anti-oxidant and antiinflammatory effects and the ability to activate the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1α)-erythropoietin(EPO) signal pathway. Pyruvate preserves glucose metabolism and cellular energetics better than bicarbonate, lactate, acetate and malate in the efficient correction of hypoxic lactic acidosis and shows few side effects. Therefore, application of pyruvate may be promising and safe as a novel therapeutic strategy in hypoxic lactic acidosis correction accompanied with multi-organ protection in critical care patients.

Creatine Pyruvate Enhances Lipolysis and Protein Synthesis in Broiler Chicken

To assess the effects ofcreatine pyruvate （Cr-Pyr） on lipid and protein metabolism in broiler chickens, a total of 400 1-day-old male birds （Aconred） were randomly allocated to four groups, with each group replicating four times and each replicate involving 25 birds. The broilers were provided with a commercial diet supplemented with Cr-Pyr at 0, 1, 5, or 10% of the diet, respectively, for a period of 3 wk ad libitum （from 22 to 42 d）. In the present study, body weight （BW） and average daily gain （ADG） of broilers decreased in 10% Cr-Pyr group （P〈0.01）, whereas the relative leg and pectoral muscle weights were significantly higher than they were in the control group （P〈0.05）. 5 or 10% Cr-Pyr of diets decreased the abdominal fat rate （AFR, abdominal fat/live weight） of the broilers. The serum or hepatic triglyceride （TG） concentrations were significantly lower in the 5 and 10% groups （P〈0.01）. In contrast, Cr-Pyr caused a marked increase in the serum nonesterified fatty acid （NEFA）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） and creatine kinase （CK） concentrations （P〈0.01）. Supplementation with Cr-Pyr （5 and 10%） in the diet also increased glucagons （GLU）, insulin （INS） or leptin （LEP） contents （P〈0.01）. The expression of hepatic peroxisomal proliferators-activated receptor α （PPAR-α） and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-I （CPT-I）, muscle insulin-like growth factor I （IGF-I） were significantly elevated and myostatin mRNA level was reduced in the 5 and 10% groups （P〈0.05）. It was found that supplementation with 5% Cr-Pyr improves both lipid and protein metabolism by regulating various metabolic parameters of broilers, while not adversely affects growth performance in broiler chickens.

Tumor pyruvate kinase M2:A promising molecular target of gastrointestinal cancer

Gastrointestinal(GI) cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Tumor markers are valuable in detecting post-surgical recurrence or in monitoring response to chemotherapy.Pyruvate kinase isoform M2(PKM2),a glycolytic enzyme catalyzing conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP) to pyruvate,confers a growth advantage to the tumor cells and enables them to adapt to the tumor microenvironment.In this review,we have summarized current research on the expression and regulation of PKM2 in tumor cells,and its potential role in GI carcinogenesis and progression.Furthermore,we have also discussed the potential of PKM2 as a diagnostic and screening marker,and a therapeutic target in GI cancer.

Metabolism of energy substrates of in vitro and in vivo derived embryos from ewes synchronized and super ovulated with norgestomet and porcine follicle stimulating hormone

The synchronization and ovulatory responses of Sangsari cross bred ewes and metabolism of energy substrates in 8-cell stage embryos to hatched blastocysts stage produced in vitro or in vivo were investigated. Ewes were assigned randomly to receive 37.5 IU of porcine follicle stimulating hormone （FSH-P） daily for the 3 days preceding implant removal （Day 0）. Synchronization of estrus was carried out using a 1.5 mg norgestomet （Crestar） ear implant for ] 2 days. Ewes in estrus were mated two to three times with rams of proven fertility. At the time of first mating each ewe was administered 1000 IU of human chorionic gonadotrophin （hCG） to induce ovulation. Surgical embryo recovery was performed on Days 4 and 6 after onset of estrus （Day 0） and recovered embryos were subjected to comparative metabolism studies with in vitro derived embryos at the same stage of development. The number of corpora lutea （CL）, unovulated follicles and overall ovarian activity were recorded for each ewe during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. While the pattern of oxidation was similar among in vitro and in vivo derived embryos, a low pyruvate to lactate ratio was the preferred substrate of embryos derived in vitro. A high level of production of C02 and lactate resulted from a stress response to the suboptimal culture environment. The first marked increase in the metabolism of glucose by ovine embryos was detected in compact morula stage, but there was no significant increase in the oxidation of glucose after the morula stage. Two different concentrations of glucose were compared, but this did not affect metabolism. However, the rate of incorporation and metabolism of glucose tended to be higher at the 0.56 mmol/L glucose dosage.

Deletions in the pyruvate pathway of Salmonella Typhimurium alter SPI1-mediated gene expression and infectivity

Background： Salmonella enter/ca serovar Typhimurium is a major foodborne pathogen worldwide. S. Typhimurium encodes type III secretion systems via Salmonella pathogenicity islands （SPI）, producing the major effector proteins of virulence. Previously, we identified two genes of Salmonella pyruvate metabolism that were up-regulated during chicken cell infection： pyruvate formate lyase I （pf/B） and b/functional acetaldehyde-CoA/alcohol dehydrogenase （adhE）. We were therefore interested in examining the role these genes may play in the transmission of Salmonella to humans. Methods： Mutant strains of Salmonella with single gene deletions for pflB and adhE were created. Invasion and growth in human HCT-8 intestinal epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophages was examined. Quantitative PCR was performed on 19 SPI-1 genes. Results： In HCT-8 cells, both mutant strains had significantly higher intracellular counts than the wild-type from 4 to 48 h post-infection. Various SPI-1 genes in the mutants were up-regulated over the wild-type as early as 1 h and lasting until 24 h post-infection. In THP-1 cells, no significant difference in internal Salmonella counts was observed; however, SPI-1 genes were largely down-regulated in the mutants during the time-course of infection. We also found five SPI-1 genes - hilA, hiIC hill）, sicP and rtsA - which were up-regulated in at least one of the mutant strains in log-phase broth cultures alone. We have therefore identified a set of SPI-1 virulence genes whose regulation is effected by the central metabolism of Salmonella.

M2型丙酮酸激酶在肿瘤代谢重编程中的作用研究进展

代谢重编程是肿瘤的重要特征之一,其为肿瘤细胞提供三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、细胞内蛋白质及核苷酸生物合成提供必需的大分子,从而促进肿瘤细胞的增殖和存活。肿瘤细胞的新陈代谢与正常细胞有较大差异,肿瘤的可塑性强是导致靶向肿瘤代谢治疗研究进展缓慢的重要原因。糖脂代谢关键代谢酶可通过多种方式改变自身活性,获得非代谢酶功能,从而驱动肿瘤细胞的代谢重编程。这些方式主要包括蛋白质自身异常表达、突变,蛋白质翻译后修饰改变,寡聚状态变化及亚细胞定位的易位等。丙酮酸激酶(PK)是细胞糖酵解通路的关键酶,可催化磷酸烯醇丙酮酸转化为丙酮酸并产生三磷酸腺苷。M2型丙酮酸激酶(PKM2)可以通过增强Warburg效应来促进肿瘤细胞的增殖和合成代谢,还能够进入细胞核内作为共转录因子和蛋白激酶调节基因转录,在恶性肿瘤代谢重塑、细胞增殖和转移过程中发挥着重要作用。本文通过总结PKM2在多种肿瘤类型中的异常表达情况、在肿瘤代谢调控中的作用和机制及在中药领域的应用和突破,以期为临床肿瘤代谢治疗提供新的思路。

丙酮酸激酶M2型在非小细胞肺癌中的作用

肺癌是目前全球最常见的病死原因之一,其中,非小细肺癌(NSCLC)占所有肺癌的85%。丙酮酸激酶(PK)是糖代谢中的关键酶,调控磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸向丙酮酸转化速率,存在四种亚型,其中丙酮酸激酶M2型(PKM2)主要存在于具有高合成代谢要求的高增殖细胞,尤其是肿瘤和胚胎组织中。PKM2可以调控肿瘤细胞的有氧糖酵解过程,并能转移至细胞核内参与调控多种促癌因子的表达。PI3K/AKT信号通路在细胞生长、增殖、分化、生存和代谢等多个生物学过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。PKM2可以通过与PI3K/AKT通路的相互作用参与NSCLC的发生、发展。本文针对PKM2在非小细胞肺癌中作用及其调节机制的研究进展进行综述。

MPC在肿瘤中的研究

线粒体丙酮酸载体(mitochondrial pyruvate carrier,MPC)位于线粒体内膜中,它可以将糖酵解中产生的丙酮酸运送到线粒体基质参与三羧酸(tricarboxylic acid,TCA)循环、糖异生以及脂质、氨基酸等代谢过程进而为机体提供能量。因此,MPC可以通过调控线粒体丙酮酸通量从而调控能量代谢。由于其在能量代谢中的重要作用,越来越多的证据表明,MPC可以作为代谢类疾病(包括癌症)的潜在靶点。最近研究发现,在多种癌症类型中,MPC表达的改变可以通过影响参与氧化磷酸化或糖酵解过程中的丙酮酸的比例诱导代谢重编程,进而影响肿瘤的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力以及对治疗的抵抗性。因此,本文将概述MPC在肿瘤发生、转移和治疗中的研究现状,以期为靶向MPC药物治疗肿瘤提供新的思路。

Dietary pyruvate targets cytosolic phospholipase A2 to mitigate inflammation and obesity in mice

Obesity has a multifactorial etiology and is known to be a state of chronic low-grade inflammation,known as meta-inflammation.This state is associated with the development of metabolic disorders such as glucose intolerance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Pyruvate is a glycolytic metabolite and a crucial node in various metabolic pathways.However,its role and molecular mechanism in obesity and associated complications are obscure.In this study,we reported that pyruvate substantially inhibited adipogenic differentiation in vitro and its administration significantly prevented HFD-induced weight gain,white adipose tissue inflammation,and metabolic dysregulation.To identify the target proteins of pyruvate,drug affinity responsive target stability was employed with proteomics,cellular thermal shift assay,and isothermal drug response to detect the interactions between pyruvate and its molecular targets.Consequently,we identified cytosolic phospholipase A2(cPLA2)as a novel molecular target of pyruvate and demonstrated that pyruvate restrained diet-induced obesity,white adipose tissue inflammation,and hepatic steatosis in a cPLA2-dependent manner.Studies with global ablation of cPLA2 in mice showed that the protective effects of pyruvate were largely abrogated,confirming the importance of pyruvate/cPLA2 interaction in pyruvate attenuation of inflammation and obesity.Overall,our study not only establishes pyruvate as an antagonist of cPLA2 signaling and a potential therapeutic option for obesity but it also sheds light on the mechanism of its action.Pyruvate’s prior clinical use indicates that it can be considered a safe and viable alternative for obesity,whether consumed as a dietary supplement or as part of a regular diet.

大豆多糖对2型糖尿病人粪便菌群介导的色氨酸-吲哚丙酮酸代谢的调控作用研究

肠道菌群介导的色氨酸-吲哚丙酮酸代谢在人体生理和病理过程中扮演重要角色,是当前饮食营养防治代谢疾病的关键调控靶点。大豆多糖(soybean polysaccharides, SP)是肠道菌群导向型益生元,可有效促进双歧杆菌等益生菌增殖,改善肠道健康。该研究构建2型糖尿病患者的粪便微生物体外发酵模型,测定发酵液中pH值、总糖含量、产气量以及发酵过程中菌群结构和代谢物组。结果表明,在体外静态粪便菌群发酵24 h后SP添加组发酵液pH值和总糖含量显著降低,且发酵过程中CO_(2)产气量显著升高、H_(2)S产气量降低。SP显著改变2型糖尿病患者肠道菌群的氨基酸代谢途径,显著激活色氨酸-吲哚丙酮酸代谢途径,促产吲哚丙烯酸、吲哚乙酸、吲哚乙醛和吲哚丙酸等吲哚类代谢物,这些吲哚类代谢物的增加伴随着双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的上调,尤其是在未用药的新发病患者粪菌发酵过程中体现更明显。研究结果揭示了SP通过激活肠道菌群介导色氨酸-吲哚丙酮酸代谢,促产有利于肠道健康和血糖调节的吲哚类代谢物,为SP防治代谢疾病产品的研发和应用提供理论依据。

微生物代谢途径调控下的丙酮酸发酵工艺优化与可持续发展

随着当前时代下可持续发展和环境保护意识的不断增强,传统化学合成途径已经无法满足时代发展的要求,而生物发酵作为生产丙酮酸的一种环境友好型方法,受到了相关领域的重点关注。丙酮酸是一种关键的化学中间体,在化工、食品以及医药产业等领域扮演着重要角色。文章主要探讨了微生物代谢途径下的丙酮酸发酵工艺优化与可持续发展的策略及方法,旨在实现丙酮酸的高效、低成本和环境友好的合成。

甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值联合谷丙转氨酶和尿酸对代谢相关脂肪性肝病的预测价值

目的 研究甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(TG/HDL-C)联合谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和尿酸(UA)对代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)的预测价值。方法 选择2021年9—10月于新乡医学院第三附属医院体检中心被诊断为MAFLD的430例患者作为疾病组,选择同期582例健康体检人群作为对照组。比较两组临床资料及实验数据。通过单因素和多因素逻辑回归分析MAFLD的危险因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析TG/HDL-C联合GPT和UA对MAFLD的预测价值。结果 MAFLD患者的TG/HDL-C高于对照组(P<0.05)。经过单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析,TG/HDL-C是MAFLD的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示,TG/HDL-C诊断MAFLD的曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度和特异度高于其他实验室指标的诊断效能。TG/HDL-C联合GPT和UA诊断MAFLD的AUC、敏感度和特异度高于各实验室指标的单独诊断效能。结论 TG/HDL-C是MAFLD的独立危险因素,TG/HDL-C联合GPT和UA对MAFLD的预测价值更好。

丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶4在肝细胞癌中的作用研究进展

肝细胞癌(HCC)是全球癌症相关死亡的第三大原因,其发病率继续上升。近年来,癌症代谢在癌症研究中备受关注。细胞代谢的改变是癌症的特征之一。它们不仅是肿瘤进展的结果,也是癌症发生的原因。丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶4(PDK4)是一种关键的代谢酶,通过抑制丙酮酸脱氢酶(PDH)来调节细胞代谢。但PDK4在各种癌症包括HCC的肿瘤发生和进展中的功能和潜在分子机制仍然在很大程度上未知。现就近年来PDK4在HCC中的作用作一综述。

利用代谢工程改造谷氨酸棒杆菌产丙酮酸研究

丙酮酸是一种重要的有机酸,可以作为前体物质,参与合成多种有机化合物,在生物体的能量代谢中发挥着重要作用。为提高丙酮酸产量,选择利用代谢工程改造谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)生产丙酮酸。利用同源重组的方法,依次敲除谷氨酸棒杆菌中与丙酮酸代谢支流相关的5个关键基因(丙酮酸醌氧化还原酶基因pqo、丙酮酸羧化酶基因pyc、转氨酶基因alaT、缬氨酸-丙酮酸氨基转移酶基因avtA、丙酮酸脱氢酶基因aceE),摇瓶发酵72 h后丙酮酸的产量达到14.64 g/L。通过过表达编码转酮醇酶基因tkt、转醛酶基因tal、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶基因pck,增加合成丙酮酸前体物质的供应。最终,复合培养基摇瓶发酵72 h后,发酵液中丙酮酸的产量达到15.39 g/L,与野生型菌株相比提高了28倍。研究旨在为利用微生物发酵生产丙酮酸提供一定的理论参考。

基于代谢途径改造谷氨酸棒杆菌生产L-缬氨酸

L-缬氨酸是一种重要的支链氨基酸,随着市场对其需求量的不断提升,进一步提高L-缬氨酸的产量和糖酸转化率具有重要意义。在该研究中,使用实验室保藏的谷氨酸棒杆菌VHL-1作为出发菌株,通过对L-缬氨酸合成路径进行代谢改造显著提高了L-缬氨酸的产量和丙酮酸前体物的供应。首先,通过敲除ldh(编码乳酸脱氢酶)、poxB(编码丙酮酸氧化酶)、pyc(编码丙酮酸羧化酶)基因以及弱化alaT(编码丙氨酸转氨酶)基因表达来实现丙酮酸的富集。其次,通过强启动子P_(tuf)替换ilvBNC操纵子原始启动子并增加ilvBN(编码乙酰羟酸合酶)基因拷贝数来增强丙酮酸向L-缬氨酸合成的碳代谢流。最后,通过过表达支链氨基酸转运蛋白编码基因brnFE和调节蛋白编码基因lrp增强L-缬氨酸胞外输出效率。最终构建的重组菌株VHL-9在5 L生物反应器中进行补料分批培养,L-缬氨酸产量可到达(82.5±5.6)g/L,生产强度为1.15 g/(L·h),糖酸转化率为0.302 g/g葡萄糖。

破骨细胞分化过程中丙酮酸的作用

背景:糖酵解在破骨细胞分化过程中起关键作用,成熟破骨细胞骨吸收主要依赖于糖酵解。丙酮酸作为糖酵解的终末产物,在三大营养物质的代谢中起重要的枢纽作用。目的:探讨丙酮酸对破骨细胞分化的影响。方法:采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度(0.1,1,10,20,30,50 mmol/L)丙酮酸对RAW264.7细胞活性的影响,筛选出安全浓度丙酮酸。将RAW264.7细胞分组干预:空白对照组加入完全培养基(含体积分数10%胎牛血清、1%双抗的α-MEM培养基),对照组加入含核因子κB受体活化因子配体的完全培养基,实验组加入核因子κB受体活化因子配体与不同浓度丙酮酸的完全培养基,分别进行抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色、细胞骨架纤维性肌动蛋白染色、RT-qPCR检测、Western blot检测与骨吸收陷窝实验。结果与结论:①CCK-8检测显示,丙酮酸对RAW264.7细胞的最大半数抑制浓度为8.923 mmol/L,后续实验选择0.1,1,5 mmol/L为安全浓度;②抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色显示,1 mmol/L丙酮酸促进RAW264.7细胞向破骨细胞分化;③细胞骨架纤维性肌动蛋白染色显示,1 mmol/L丙酮酸促进破骨细胞肌动蛋白环的形成,5 mmol/L丙酮酸不影响破骨细胞分化也不干扰破骨细胞肌动蛋白环的形成;④RT-qPCR检测显示,安全浓度范围内的丙酮酸对破骨分化相关基因核转录因子活化T细胞核因子C1、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶的mRNA相对表达量无明显影响;⑤Western blot检测显示,0.1,1 mmol/L丙酮酸对破骨分化相关蛋白核转录因子活化T细胞核因子C1的表达量无明显影响,5 mmol/L丙酮酸抑制核转录因子活化T细胞核因子C1蛋白的表达,0.1,1,5 mmol/L丙酮酸促进破骨分化相关蛋白c-fos的表达;⑥1 mmol/L丙酮酸促进破骨细胞骨吸收陷窝的形成;⑦结果表明,1 mmol/L丙酮酸在体外对核因子κB受体活化因子配体诱导的RWA264.7细胞向破骨细胞分化具有促进作用。

HIV-1感染者血浆丙酮酸对CD8^(+)T细胞功能的影响及临床意义

目的探讨HIV-1感染者血浆丙酮酸对CD8^(+)T细胞功能的影响与疾病进展的关系。方法入组11例健康对照(healthy controls,HCs)与55例接受长期抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV-1感染者。通过液相色谱质谱联用法检测HCs与HIV-1感染者血浆丙酮酸水平,比较丙酮酸不同浓度组在HIV-1病毒库数量、CD8^(+)T细胞亚群比例、CD8^(+)T细胞功能间的差异。结果与HCs(中位数416.71 ng/ml)相比HIV-1感染者(中位数539.16 ng/ml)血浆丙酮酸水平显著升高(P=0.0189)。与血浆低丙酮酸浓度组(低浓度组)相比,高丙酮酸浓度组(高浓度组)HIV-1细胞相关未剪接核糖核酸(HIV-1 cell associated un-spliced ribonucleic acid,HIV-1 CA RNA)、HIV-1 CA RNA/HIV-1 DNA的比值均显著升高;CD8^(+)T中央记忆T细胞(central memory T cells,TCM)比例显著升高;CD8^(+)T细胞表达TNF-α、IL-2、IFN-γ、CCL5的比例均降低,而表达CCL4的比例升高。血浆丙酮酸水平与CD8^(+)T细胞表达TNF-α(r=-0.3584,P=0.0106)、IL-2(r=-0.4975,P=0.0002)、IFN-γ(r=-0.4101,P=0.0031)、CCL5(r=-0.5655,P<0.0001)的比例呈负相关,与CCL4(r=0.4711,P=0.0014)的比例呈正相关。结论长期抗病毒治疗的HIV-1感染者血浆丙酮酸水平升高,且丙酮酸水平与HIV-1病毒库的活跃程度以及CD8^(+)T细胞功能紊乱相关。

Mitochondrial YBX1 promotes cancer cell metastasis by inhibiting pyruvate uptake

Pyruvate is an essential fuel for maintaining the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle in the mitochondria.However,the precise mole-cular mechanism of pyruvate uptake by mitochondrial pyruvate carrier(MPC)is largely unknown.Here,we report that the DNA/RNA-binding protein Y-box binding protein 1(YBX1)is localized to the mitochondrial inter-membrane space by its C-terminal domain(CTD)in cancer cells.In mitochondria,YBX1 inhibits pyruvate uptake by associating with MPC1/2,thereby suppressing pyruvate-dependent TCA cycle flux.This association,in turn,promotes MPC-mediated glutaminolysis and histone lactylation.Our findings reveal that the YBX1-MPC axis exhibits a positive correlation with metastatic potential,while does not affect cell proliferation in both cultured cells and tumor xenografts.Therefore,the restricted pyruvate uptake into mitochondria potentially represents a hallmark of metastatic capacity,suggesting that the YBX1-MPC axis is a therapeutic target for combating cancer metastasis.