The tsunami was a sudden marine disasters. Tsunami waves can quickly spread to near-shore and cause the disaster after the tsunami. So it is very important of timely monitoring and early warning of the tsunami. After ...The tsunami was a sudden marine disasters. Tsunami waves can quickly spread to near-shore and cause the disaster after the tsunami. So it is very important of timely monitoring and early warning of the tsunami. After several unsuccessful tsunami forecasting, the United States developed tsunami buoy specifically for the early detection of tsunami waves. Tsunami buoy can not only be able to display occurrence of the tsunami, it is real time data but also be assimilated into the tsunami warning system, to improve the accuracy of the tsunami forecasting. Several tsunami events in the recent few years have proven the important role of the tsunami buoys. Subsequently, the tsunami warning system based on tsunami buoys was into regular operation. The system accurately predicted the results on March 11, 2011 Japan tsunami event. State Oceanic Administration （SOA）, China also deployed 2 tsunami buoys in the South China Sea （SCS）, which also played an important role in the warning process of Japan tsunami on March 11, 2011. National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center/State Oceanic Administration （NMEFC/SOA） will collaborate with Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration （PMEL/NOAA） to develop assimilation method making use of real time data of tsunami buoy and build a forecasting system in SCS in the future.展开更多
Tsunamis are one of the most destructive disasters in the ocean.Large tsunamis are mostly generated by earthquakes,and they can propagate across the ocean without significantly losing energy.During the shoaling proces...Tsunamis are one of the most destructive disasters in the ocean.Large tsunamis are mostly generated by earthquakes,and they can propagate across the ocean without significantly losing energy.During the shoaling process in coastal areas,the wave amplitude increases dramatically,causing severe life loss and property damage.There have been frequent tsunamis since the 21 st century,drawing the attention of many countries on the study of tsunami mechanism and warning.Tsunami records also play an essential role in deriving earthquake rupture models in subduction zones.This paper reviews the recent progress and limitations of tsunami research,from the aspects of tsunami generation,propagation,inversion and warning.Potential tsunami warning strategies are discussed and future prospects on tsunami research are provided.展开更多
This paper discusses the analysis done on the meteorological ocean buoy mooring used for monitoring the Indian seas. Based on the extreme environmental parameters experienced by the buoys, mooring loads are analyzed u...This paper discusses the analysis done on the meteorological ocean buoy mooring used for monitoring the Indian seas. Based on the extreme environmental parameters experienced by the buoys, mooring loads are analyzed using offshore dynamic analysis software. The results obtained are validated with the tension recorder installed in one of the moorings, and the results are found to comply with an accuracy of better than 1%. The successful on demand performance of the mooring during major cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and the vital meteorological and oceanographic information provided by the buoy during these disastrous cyclonic events validates the mooring design, and proves the data availability for societal needs. The time critical data assimilated in the cyclone prediction models have given confidence to improve the country＇s weather prediction and climate modelling capabilities.展开更多
The 2018 Palu M_W7.5 earthquake and tsunami attracted geophysicists' attention for its strike slip focal mechanism and magnitude. We inspected the details of this disaster and discussed its particularity and possi...The 2018 Palu M_W7.5 earthquake and tsunami attracted geophysicists' attention for its strike slip focal mechanism and magnitude. We inspected the details of this disaster and discussed its particularity and possible causations. The submarine landslide and special terrain conditions could have contributed to the unusual size of the tsunami. The early warning system and the post disaster response is also reviewed. Efficient social warnings and broadcast systems along with good maintenance is essential. We also found that enhancing publics scientific literacy is the most important way to reduce disaster damage and casualties. Moreover, social conditions and rebuilding difficulties post tsunami are related as reference resources for future disaster management strategies.展开更多
This paper investigates the potential extreme tsunami hazards of the worst case scenario of the magnitude M_w=9.30 in South China Sea（SCS）as the Manila Trench is becoming one of the most hazardous tsunami source reg...This paper investigates the potential extreme tsunami hazards of the worst case scenario of the magnitude M_w=9.30 in South China Sea（SCS）as the Manila Trench is becoming one of the most hazardous tsunami source regions.Using nonlinear shallow water equations model,the time series of surface elevation,arrival time,spatial distributions of maximum wave amplitude and velocity distribution are presented.The characteristics of wave and currents are analyzed.The numerical results indicate that most of the energy of tsunami wave distributes in central and north part of SCS.The offshore regions around SCS will be influenced significantly by the tsunami currents generated by an earthquake in the Manila subduction zone.The maximum wave amplitude near Guangdong Province,Hainan Island,and Taiwan Island exceeds 4 m and velocities at the majority of measured locations near coast exceeds 2 m/s.Nested grid with high resolution is used to study the impacts of the tsunami on Hainan Island,Taiwan Island,and Lingding Bay.The regions with high hazard risk due to strong currents are identified.Finally,a fast tsunami warning method in SCS is developed and discussed,which can provide tsunami warning information in 5 min.展开更多
On 17 July 2006,the tourist resort of Pangandaran on Java’s south coast was hit by a tsunami,resulting in 413 fatalities and severe damage to buildings.The tsunami resulted in major rebuilds with a focus on mass tour...On 17 July 2006,the tourist resort of Pangandaran on Java’s south coast was hit by a tsunami,resulting in 413 fatalities and severe damage to buildings.The tsunami resulted in major rebuilds with a focus on mass tourism.Assessments of the impact of a future tsunami focussed on building development and suggest limited change since 2006.This article presents a case study on the development of(largely domestic)tourism in Pangandaran and how this has increased the tsunami disaster risk.Tourist numbers were stable at about 900,000 visitors a year prior to the tsunami,down to slightly over 250,000 visitors a year in its aftermath,and from 2007 onwards numbers are doubling every three years to about 4 million visitors in 2019.The increase has been most pronounced during weekends.Prior to 2006,Pangandaran was characterized by wooden structures and one-and two-story buildings of clay-brick masonry;by 2019,14 three to sixstory hotels have been erected along the waterfront.With many more visitors,most of whom are unfamiliar with tsunami risks,and shelter facilities for less than a quarter of visitors during peak times,future impacts and the potential cost to life are considerably higher now than in 2006,especially if a tsunami were to hit over a weekend.All tourists upon arrival and throughout their stay should be better informed about the risks of tsunamis,and of the location of tsunami shelters and evacuation routes.展开更多
In order to predict tsunami hazards through numerical simulation,by using the focal mechanisms as well as fault parameters of Japan's 2011 Tohoku Earthquake provided by National Geological Survey(referred to as US...In order to predict tsunami hazards through numerical simulation,by using the focal mechanisms as well as fault parameters of Japan's 2011 Tohoku Earthquake provided by National Geological Survey(referred to as USGS),we proposed a numerical model to simulate the Honshu,Japan tsunami.Numerical computing is conducted to investigate the security along the coast.We also analyzed the simulation results and distribution of tsunami disaster,trying to achieve a more reasonable tsunami warning program.Our numerical model is composed of simulation of surface deformation after the earthquake and the tsunami propagation process which is based on two dimensional shallow water equations.The simulation results show the characteristics of the tsunami propagation,and arrival times on recorder points are consistent with tsunami observation.This model can be applied to evaluate the security of the coastal area and obtain more accurate tsunami warning.展开更多
文摘The tsunami was a sudden marine disasters. Tsunami waves can quickly spread to near-shore and cause the disaster after the tsunami. So it is very important of timely monitoring and early warning of the tsunami. After several unsuccessful tsunami forecasting, the United States developed tsunami buoy specifically for the early detection of tsunami waves. Tsunami buoy can not only be able to display occurrence of the tsunami, it is real time data but also be assimilated into the tsunami warning system, to improve the accuracy of the tsunami forecasting. Several tsunami events in the recent few years have proven the important role of the tsunami buoys. Subsequently, the tsunami warning system based on tsunami buoys was into regular operation. The system accurately predicted the results on March 11, 2011 Japan tsunami event. State Oceanic Administration （SOA）, China also deployed 2 tsunami buoys in the South China Sea （SCS）, which also played an important role in the warning process of Japan tsunami on March 11, 2011. National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center/State Oceanic Administration （NMEFC/SOA） will collaborate with Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration （PMEL/NOAA） to develop assimilation method making use of real time data of tsunami buoy and build a forecasting system in SCS in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1901602,11632012)。
文摘Tsunamis are one of the most destructive disasters in the ocean.Large tsunamis are mostly generated by earthquakes,and they can propagate across the ocean without significantly losing energy.During the shoaling process in coastal areas,the wave amplitude increases dramatically,causing severe life loss and property damage.There have been frequent tsunamis since the 21 st century,drawing the attention of many countries on the study of tsunami mechanism and warning.Tsunami records also play an essential role in deriving earthquake rupture models in subduction zones.This paper reviews the recent progress and limitations of tsunami research,from the aspects of tsunami generation,propagation,inversion and warning.Potential tsunami warning strategies are discussed and future prospects on tsunami research are provided.
文摘This paper discusses the analysis done on the meteorological ocean buoy mooring used for monitoring the Indian seas. Based on the extreme environmental parameters experienced by the buoys, mooring loads are analyzed using offshore dynamic analysis software. The results obtained are validated with the tension recorder installed in one of the moorings, and the results are found to comply with an accuracy of better than 1%. The successful on demand performance of the mooring during major cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and the vital meteorological and oceanographic information provided by the buoy during these disastrous cyclonic events validates the mooring design, and proves the data availability for societal needs. The time critical data assimilated in the cyclone prediction models have given confidence to improve the country＇s weather prediction and climate modelling capabilities.
基金sponsored by the Scientific Research Institutes' Basic Research and Development Operations Special Fund of the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration(Grant No.DQJB18B08)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41674058 and 41804063)
文摘The 2018 Palu M_W7.5 earthquake and tsunami attracted geophysicists' attention for its strike slip focal mechanism and magnitude. We inspected the details of this disaster and discussed its particularity and possible causations. The submarine landslide and special terrain conditions could have contributed to the unusual size of the tsunami. The early warning system and the post disaster response is also reviewed. Efficient social warnings and broadcast systems along with good maintenance is essential. We also found that enhancing publics scientific literacy is the most important way to reduce disaster damage and casualties. Moreover, social conditions and rebuilding difficulties post tsunami are related as reference resources for future disaster management strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11632012,51379123)
文摘This paper investigates the potential extreme tsunami hazards of the worst case scenario of the magnitude M_w=9.30 in South China Sea（SCS）as the Manila Trench is becoming one of the most hazardous tsunami source regions.Using nonlinear shallow water equations model,the time series of surface elevation,arrival time,spatial distributions of maximum wave amplitude and velocity distribution are presented.The characteristics of wave and currents are analyzed.The numerical results indicate that most of the energy of tsunami wave distributes in central and north part of SCS.The offshore regions around SCS will be influenced significantly by the tsunami currents generated by an earthquake in the Manila subduction zone.The maximum wave amplitude near Guangdong Province,Hainan Island,and Taiwan Island exceeds 4 m and velocities at the majority of measured locations near coast exceeds 2 m/s.Nested grid with high resolution is used to study the impacts of the tsunami on Hainan Island,Taiwan Island,and Lingding Bay.The regions with high hazard risk due to strong currents are identified.Finally,a fast tsunami warning method in SCS is developed and discussed,which can provide tsunami warning information in 5 min.
文摘On 17 July 2006,the tourist resort of Pangandaran on Java’s south coast was hit by a tsunami,resulting in 413 fatalities and severe damage to buildings.The tsunami resulted in major rebuilds with a focus on mass tourism.Assessments of the impact of a future tsunami focussed on building development and suggest limited change since 2006.This article presents a case study on the development of(largely domestic)tourism in Pangandaran and how this has increased the tsunami disaster risk.Tourist numbers were stable at about 900,000 visitors a year prior to the tsunami,down to slightly over 250,000 visitors a year in its aftermath,and from 2007 onwards numbers are doubling every three years to about 4 million visitors in 2019.The increase has been most pronounced during weekends.Prior to 2006,Pangandaran was characterized by wooden structures and one-and two-story buildings of clay-brick masonry;by 2019,14 three to sixstory hotels have been erected along the waterfront.With many more visitors,most of whom are unfamiliar with tsunami risks,and shelter facilities for less than a quarter of visitors during peak times,future impacts and the potential cost to life are considerably higher now than in 2006,especially if a tsunami were to hit over a weekend.All tourists upon arrival and throughout their stay should be better informed about the risks of tsunamis,and of the location of tsunami shelters and evacuation routes.
基金supported by the Industry Fund Crustal Deep Exploration Project of the Ministry of Land and Resources (SinoProbe-07)the National Basic Research Program of China (2008CB425701)+2 种基金the National High-tech R&D Program of China,High Performance Computing Software System for Earth System Model (2010AA012402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10872098)K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘In order to predict tsunami hazards through numerical simulation,by using the focal mechanisms as well as fault parameters of Japan's 2011 Tohoku Earthquake provided by National Geological Survey(referred to as USGS),we proposed a numerical model to simulate the Honshu,Japan tsunami.Numerical computing is conducted to investigate the security along the coast.We also analyzed the simulation results and distribution of tsunami disaster,trying to achieve a more reasonable tsunami warning program.Our numerical model is composed of simulation of surface deformation after the earthquake and the tsunami propagation process which is based on two dimensional shallow water equations.The simulation results show the characteristics of the tsunami propagation,and arrival times on recorder points are consistent with tsunami observation.This model can be applied to evaluate the security of the coastal area and obtain more accurate tsunami warning.
