Experimental Research on Flow Maldistribution in Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers

The flow maldistribution and the effect of different inlet configuration on the flow distribution in platefin heat exchangers were studied experimentally. It is found that the flow maldistribution is serious because of the defects of inlet configurations, while the inlet configuration and Reynolds number are the main factors affecting the flow distribution. The improved inlet configurations, which are the header with a two-stage distributing configuration and the guide vane with a fluid complementary cavity were proposed and tested in this paper. The experimental results show that the improved inlet configurations can effectively improve the performance of flow distribution in heat exchangers.

NUMERICAL STUDY ON FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGERS

Objective To investigate the flow distribution in plate fin heat exchangers and optimize the design of header configuration for plate fin heat exchangers. Methods A mathematical model of header was proposed. The effects of the header configuration on the flow distribution in plate fin heat exchangers were investigated by CFD. The second header configuration with a two stage distributing structure was brought forward to improve the performance of flow distribution. Results It is found that the flow maldistribution is very serious in the direction of header length for the conventional header used in industry. The numerical predictions indicate that the improved header configurations can effectively improve the performance of flow distribution in plate fin heat exchangers. Conclusion The numerical simulation confirms that CFD should be a suitable tool for predicting the flow distribution. The method has a wide variety of applications in the design of plate fin heat exchangers.

Experimental Analysis of Performance of Heat Exchanger with Plate Fins and Parallel Flow of Working Fluids

Heat exchangers are devices in which heat is transferred from one fluid to another fluid as a result of temperature difference. Heat exchanger presented in the current paper in which inside the tubes flows water, but outside the tubes flows air aims to enable cooling of circulating water, which serves to cool the engine of a machine. Such exchangers find application in the automotive industry as well as heating and cooling equipment and HVAC systems etc. The surface of the heat exchanger by the air side always tends to be much larger using surface fins in order to facilitate equalization of thermal resistance for both sides of the heat exchanger, because the rate of transmission of heat from the water side is much greater. Furthermore, the paper will present analytical and experimental studies involved for determination of performance of plate-fin heat exchanger for various flows of working fluids in order to get the highest values of performances i.e.: overall heat transfer coefficient U, efficiency of heat exchanger ε, maximal and real heat transferred, pressure drop, air velocity and Reynolds number from the air side of heat exchanger etc. The present scientific paper is based on the fact that from the experimental model made for laboratory conditions, conclusions are derived that can be used during installation of such heat exchanger on certain machines in order to predict their performance.

PIV Investigations of Flow Patterns in the Entrance Configuration of Plate-fin Heat Exchanger

Flow characteristics in the entrance of plate-fin heat exchanger have been investigated by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV). The flow field was measured using the two-frame cross-correlation technique. Streamline and velocity contour graphs at different cross-sections were obtained in the experiment. The experimental results indicate that flow maldistribution in the conventional header is very serious, while the improved header configuration with punched baffle can effectively improve the uniformity. The flow maldistribution parameter in plate-fin heat exchanger has been reduced from 1.21 to 0.21, and the ratio of the maximum velocity to the minimum is reduced from 23.2 to 1.8 by install-ing the punched baffle. The results suggest room for the optimum design of plate-fin heat exchanger.

Optimal design of the first stage of the platefin heat exchanger for the EAST cryogenic system

The size of the heat exchanger is an important factor determining the dimensions of the cold box in helium cryogenic systems. In this paper, a counter-flow multi-stream plate-fin heat exchanger is optimized by means of a spatial interpolation method coupled with a hybrid genetic algorithm.Compared with empirical correlations, this spatial interpolation algorithm based on a kriging model can be adopted to more precisely predict the Colburn heat transfer factors and Fanning friction factors of offset-strip fins. Moreover, strict computational fluid dynamics simulations can be carried out to predict the heat transfer and friction performance in the absence of reliable experimental data. Within the constraints of heat exchange requirements, maximum allowable pressure drop, existing manufacturing techniques and structural strength, a mathematical model of an optimized design with discrete and continuous variables based on a hybrid genetic algorithm is established in order to minimize the volume. The results show that for the first-stage heat exchanger in the EAST refrigerator, the structural size could be decreased from the original2.200？×？0.600？×？0.627（m^3） to the optimized 1.854？×？0.420？×？0.340（m3）, with a large reduction in volume. The current work demonstrates that the proposed method could be a useful tool to achieve optimization in an actual engineering project during the practical design process.

Experimental investigation of enhanced heat transfer for fined circular tube heat exchanger with rectangular fins

Presents a set of data for flow and heat transfer of finned-tube bundle under the condition of high air flow velocity. Air flow and heat transfer over a 4×4 (columns×rows) finned-tube heat exchanger with rectangular fins was investigated experimentally in a wind tunnel with constant wall temperatures condition. The air flow velocity based on the minimum flow cross-section area over flow channel ranged from 13.8 to 50.2 m/s, the heat transfer rate ranged from 21.8 to 47.1 kW, and the air temperatures increase ranged from 10.9 to 19.8 ℃. The present results were compared with results calculated from correlations proposed by CSPE. For air flow velocity less than 25 m/s, these two results of heat transfer agreed well with each other, whereas for larger velocity, our test data disagreed with the CSPE correlauions. For the friction factor, present data are much higher than the predicted results in the whole range. Finally, correlations for friction factors and heat transfer coefficients are proposed based on the experimental results.

Performance Evaluation Methods for Multi-stream Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger

Mathematical model of cross type multi-stream plate-fin heat exchanger is established.Meanwhile,mean square error of accumulative heat load is normalized by dimensionless,and the equations of temperature-difference uniformity factor are improved.Evaluation factors above and performance of heat exchanger are compared and analyzed by taking aircraft three-stream condenser as an example.The results demonstrate that the mean square error of accumulative heat load is common result of total heat load and excess heat load between passages.So it can be influenced by passage arrangement,flow inlet parameters as well as flow patterns.Dimensionless parameter of mean square error of accumulative heat load can reflect the influence of passage arrangement to heat exchange performance and will not change dramatically with the variation of flow inlet parameters and flow patterns.Temperature-difference uniformity factor is influenced by passage arrangement and flow patterns.It remains basically unchanged under a certain range of flow inlet parameters.

Numerical simulation of heat transfer and flow of cooling air in triangular wavy fin channels

Numerical computation models of air cooling heat transfer and flow behaviors in triangular wavy fin channels(TWFC) were established with structural parameters of fins considered.The air side properties of heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are displayed with variable structural parameters of fins and inlet velocities of cooling air.Within the range of simulation,TWFC has the best comprehensive performance when inlet velocity vin=4-10 m/s.Compared with those of straight fins,the simulation results reveal that the triangular wavy fin channels are of higher heat transfer performances especially with the fin structural parameters of fin-height Fh=9.0 mm,fin-pitch Fp=2.5-3.0 mm,fin-wavelength λ=14.0-17.5 mm and fin-wave-amplitude A=1.0-1.2 mm.The correlations of both heat transfer factor and friction factor are presented,and the deviations from the experimental measurements are within 20%.

保温时间对钛合金板翅式换热器真空钎焊过程温度场及残余应力的影响

钛合金板翅式换热器成品率较低、残余应力较大,该文针对钛合金板翅结构真空钎焊过程开展热-固耦合建模与仿真研究,阐述了钎焊过程温度均匀性及残余应力分布特征,探明保温时间对钛合金板翅式换热器真空钎焊过程温度场及残余应力的影响机理.结果表明,板翅结构两侧温度较高,中部温度较低,延长保温时间可有效改善板翅结构的温度均匀性.残余应力均主要集中于翅片上表面与隔板背侧中部,在钎缝及夹持点处存在明显的应力集中现象,保温时间越长翅片钎缝的残余应力越小.模拟得到钛合金板翅式换热器真空钎焊中残余应力与试验结果相吻合,相对误差为5.3%,验证了该模型的准确性.

基于响应面法的矿用翅片管空冷器参数优化

矿用空冷器是矿井降温系统常用的末端设备,优化矿用空冷器换热性能对提升矿井降温系统能效具有重要意义。采用Fluent建立了平直翅片管矿用空冷器模型,研究了翅片间距、翅片厚度、横向管间距和纵向管间距对传热因子、阻力因子和综合性能评价指标的影响规律;采用Box-Behnken响应面法,分析了双参数协同作用下传热因子、阻力因子和综合性能评价指标变化规律。结果表明:随着翅片间距、横向管间距的减小,以及翅片厚度增加,传热因子、阻力因子和综合性能评价指标逐渐增加;综合性能评价指标则随纵向管间距的增加而先增加后降低;横向管间距、翅片厚度是影响空冷器传热及流动性能最显著的两个参数,而翅片间距、纵向管间距的影响最小;得到了平直翅片管矿用空冷器的最优参数,传热因子提升16.3%、阻力因子增加26.3%、综合性能评价指标提升8.3%。研究结果可为矿用翅片空冷器设计参数优化提供指导。

Experimental Study on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Four Types of Plate Fin－and－TUbe Heat Exchanger Surfaces

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水平微肋管内R513A冷凝换热特性研究

采用实验方法研究了R513A在光管和不同齿密度微肋管内的冷凝换热性能,并通过对比冷凝换热系数实验值与关联式的预测值,探究了现有关联式对R513A的适用性,实验在冷凝温度33、35、38℃,质量流速50~150 kg/(m^(2)·s)的工况范围内进行。实验结果表明:冷凝换热系数随质量流速的增大而增大,在低质量流速区域,微肋管的冷凝换热系数增长幅度更大;随着齿密度的增加,管内换热面积增大,但管内表面张力作用增强,相应的流动阻力增强,强化传热作用被削弱;与R134a相比,微肋管对R513A的强化传热效果更优;对于光管,Bashar关联式的预测效果最佳,Cavallini关联式与Dobson关联式在低质量流速区域的预测误差偏大;对于微肋管,Yu关联式的预测效果最理想,Cavallini关联式与Kedzierski关联式均低估了管内冷凝换热特性。以Kedzierski关联式为基础,拟合了新的修正关联式,修正关联式的预测值与实验值的一致性较好,其平均绝对误差与标准差分别为7.8%、8.5%。

鱼鳍型涡发生器强化管翅式换热器传热

提出了一种鱼鳍型涡发生器,并将其应用在管翅式换热器中强化传热。采用数值模拟方法研究了鱼鳍型涡发生器安装方式对换热器中流体流动和传热的影响,分析了流体流经涡发生器前后的压力变化。结果表明:涡发生器以common-flow-up方式安装在圆管下游时传热j因子提高了46.6%,摩擦因子提高了24.4%,与以common-flow-down方式安装于圆管上游相比,圆管后方的负压区更小,流动阻力更小,冷热流体的混合效果更好,因而具有更好的强化传热效果。

钛合金板翅式换热器钎焊工艺仿真分析

针对钛合金板翅式换热器结构特点,确定了加压钎焊的工艺方法,开展了单层钛合金板翅式换热器钎焊仿真分析,并进行了工艺验证。根据换热器结构的受力特点,设计了加压后挡板变形和波纹板变形两种钎焊方式,并设置了不同变形下压量,采用ABAQUS有限元仿真软件对焊接过程进行了分析。结果表明,在单层挡板下压量为0.1 mm时,换热器整体受力均匀,最大应力为170MPa;在单层波纹板下压量为0.3 mm时,波纹板变形均匀,未出现畸变扭曲等缺陷,最大应力为165.8 MPa。设计了单层挡板总高度低于波纹板总高度0.3 mm,先将波纹板下压0.3 mm,再将挡板下压0.1 mm的工艺方案,并进行了验证,制备得到了质量良好、焊接紧密的换热器样件。

房间空调器小管径室外换热器流路优化

随着空调器的快速发展和国际铜价的持续升高,制冷空调行业采用的换热器在向着小体积、低成本发展的过程中往往面临着性能衰减的技术瓶颈。为突破此瓶颈,以一款冷暖型房间空调器翅片管式室外换热器为研究对象,将其换热管外径由7 mm减小至5 mm并在此基础上优化其流路,最终实现Φ5 mm换热器性能达到初始样机水平并有效降低换热器成本。首先,分别在5种标准工况下测试初始样机性能;然后,利用CoilDesigner软件来分析小管径化对换热器性能的影响,仿真结果表明,在不改变流路布置的情况下,Φ5 mm换热器的换热能力略有提升,但制冷剂侧压降增大4~7倍;进一步地,有针对性地设计了5种流路布置方案来探究分路数、分路汇合位置等因素对换热器传热及压降特性的影响规律,总结了小管径翅片管式换热器流路优化的思路,并设计了3种Φ5 mm管径室外换热器流路优化方案。仿真评估3种方案的可行性后制作样机进行性能测试,实验结果表明:方案(3)性能与原换热器相当,同时其材料成本可降低34.6%。

锯齿型翅片内不同温区氦气流动与传热性能对比及节距对翅片性能影响的研究

为分析板翅式换热器在低温工况下的流动换热性能与常温工况下的差异和翅片节距对其性能影响,建立氦气在锯齿翅片通道内流动与传热的数值模型,开展数值模拟分析。结果表明:低温氦气在锯齿型翅片通道内的传热性能优于常温氦气。在氦气入口温度为20 K时,j因子比300 K时提升1.1%~55.9%,比77 K时提升0.41%~13.01%;在氦气入口温度为77 K时,j因子比300 K时提升0.53%~38.47%。低温氦气在锯齿型翅片通道内的流动性能比常温氦气差。在氦气入口温度为20 K时,f因子比300 K时高16.84%~28.87%,比77 K时高3.98%~23.19%。翅片节距大小在不同温区下对翅片流动与传热性能均有显著影响。在不同温区下,j因子随着翅片节距增大而减小,f因子随着翅片节距减小而增大。低雷诺数时,JF因子随着翅片节距减小而增大,而高雷诺数时则出现相反的趋势。

管壳式换热器换热管强化传热研究

研究了油库夏季高温导致的油气回收工艺中吸附罐回收率低、吸收塔解吸效率低、油气回收系统能耗过高以及安全隐患较多等问题。将温度较低的地下水作为冷却水,从实践的角度构建多种强化传热结构的管壳式换热器并采用CFD的方法对其热力学与水力学性能进行多方面探究。结果表明当油气在管壳式换热器壳程中流动时,热流可以获得更好的冷却效果;油气在壳程流动时,CIRF型换热管具有最佳的热力学性能,RAW型换热管具有最佳的水力学性能。综合油气回收工况与计算结果配置CIRF型换热管的管壳式换热器在油气回收工艺中有着较强的适用性,其可以在有效提高油气的冷却效果的同时兼顾换热器的水力学性能。

管壳式换热器折流板开孔流场特征及场协同分析

折流板是管壳式换热器最主要的结构之一,但流体介质容易在折流板背风侧产生一个相对静止的“流动死区”,影响换热器壳程的换热效果。因此,本文利用Fluent对换热器壳程折流板进行开孔研究,分析流体流动特征,同时利用场协同分析的方法对其进行了验证分析。结果表明:折流板开孔可有效减小换热器壳程背风区的“流动死区”,达到强化传热的效果。

椭圆型套管-管翅式蒸发式冷凝器传热传质性能及实验研究

介绍了一种椭圆型套管-管翅式蒸发式冷凝器,通过搭建的蒸发式冷凝器性能测试实验系统,研究该蒸发式冷凝器在不同循环水配比、不同地区环境以及“风冷”“水冷”“蒸发冷凝”和“全工况”4种不同运行模式下的传热传质性能与运行特性的变化规律。结果表明:在相同条件下“全工况”模式的热流密度高于“风冷”和“蒸发冷凝”两种模式,而“水冷”模式由于其传热面积远小于其它模式,所以其热流密度最高;“全工况”模式在保持配风量及循环水总量一定的条件下,热流密度随循环水配比的增大而先增大后减小,喷淋水与冷却水的流量最佳配比为2∶5;“全工况”模式在严寒干燥地区、寒冷地区以及夏热冬暖地区的总热流密度分别为5879.64、3964.28及2933.05 W/m^(2),因此不同地区环境运行的传热性能相差较大,该冷凝器“全工况”模式在空气干燥的地区,喷淋冷却水温度范围为13~18℃运行时传热性能较优。在相同的条件下,“蒸发冷凝”模式的水膜传质系数高于“全工况”模式,且两者均随喷淋密度的增大先增大后减小。

翅片管换热器内烟气对流换热模拟研究

以螺旋翅片管式换热器为研究对象,选取烟气进出口压降表征换热器流动阻力的大小、努塞尔数(Nu)表征换热器对流换热的强弱,利用Fluent软件模拟分析不同烟气流速下翅片结构参数对换热器流动阻力和换热效果的影响,并引入性能因子综合评价翅片结构参数对换热器换热性能的影响。结果表明:烟气流速一定时,翅片高度增加、厚度加厚和间距缩短均会使换热器进出口压降和Nu增加,在增大换热器流动阻力的同时,换热效果得到增强;翅片结构参数和性能因子的变化规律与Nu相反,选取高度较低、厚度较薄、间距较稀疏的翅片参数时换热器的综合性能更好;此外,与结构参数不同,烟气流速加快时Nu和性能因子均增大,能提升翅片管换热器的综合换热性能。