A newly designed shock-tube for biological testing has been built in our labo-ratory.This tube is 39.34 m long.It consists of several sections:high pressure section,divergent section,transitional section,test section ...A newly designed shock-tube for biological testing has been built in our labo-ratory.This tube is 39.34 m long.It consists of several sections:high pressure section,divergent section,transitional section,test section and wave-dissipated section.In theopen condition,the maximal overpressure is about 214,3 kPa,while in the closed condi-tion,the maximal overpressure may go up to 630.3 kPa.The energy source is compres-sed air.Using this equipment,we are able to inflict blast injuries with various degreesof severity in rabbits,dogs and sheep.展开更多
A design for an air-cooled test tube, with a series of modular and movable rings (cylindrical “crystallization comb”), installed in a laboratory crucible furnace is presented. The setup allows easy regulation simult...A design for an air-cooled test tube, with a series of modular and movable rings (cylindrical “crystallization comb”), installed in a laboratory crucible furnace is presented. The setup allows easy regulation simultaneous crystallization tests of a series of different crystallization rates in several columns (matrix) of test tubes, enabling fast studies of obtaining crystals. This low-budget, portable device (i.e. adjustable airstream with more simple control options), can also be applied in tube and chamber furnaces. The relations between the crystallization rate and parameters of air-cooled test tube are given and numerically analyzed.展开更多
Performance characterization for massive photomultiplier tubes(PMTs) is a frequently encountered procedure in large nuclear and particle experiments.To facilitate this work,a dedicated test bench system has been devel...Performance characterization for massive photomultiplier tubes(PMTs) is a frequently encountered procedure in large nuclear and particle experiments.To facilitate this work,a dedicated test bench system has been developed at the Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The two-dimensional photocathode position scanning capability is an intrinsic function of the test bench,and up to 25 PMTs,with the diameter smaller than 2",can be tested simultaneously.The parameters of the light source pulses can be adjusted in a wide range,thus making it suitable for various characteristics measurements.The test bench system is highly automated with all the controlling operations integrated into a single software.Additionally,the hardware platform is extensible which allows complex testing schemes,and the modularity in the software design makes the migration from one testing configuration to another light-weight and efficient.All these features make the test bench versatile and reusable in different experiments.It has been first used in the construction of the Plastic Scintillator Detector(PSD) of DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),and a total of 570 Hamamatsu R4443 tubes were tested successfully.The performance was verified and the testing results are also reported in this article.展开更多
This paper assessed the benefit of the in-situ pressure test to support steam generator tube integrity assessment and reviewed a conservatism of currently applied structural integrity assessment methodology against de...This paper assessed the benefit of the in-situ pressure test to support steam generator tube integrity assessment and reviewed a conservatism of currently applied structural integrity assessment methodology against defected tubes. According to the steam generator program requirement, condition monitoring assessment was performed to the all detected flaws. For condition monitoring assessments, the limiting structural integrity requirement should be demonstrated for all detected degraded tubes at a probability of at least 0.95 at 50% confidence. Some flaws were slightly exceeded the structural integrity threshold values of the condition monitoring performance limits using analytical method. As a direct evaluation of tube integrity with degraded tubes, in-situ pressure testing performed on some selected flaws and passed all proof and leakage test criteria with no leakage. From this pressure testing, the authors have verified that degraded tubes met a specified value containing a defined safety margins. Also, the authors have confirmed that existing structural assessment methodology has enough margins to retain integrity of steam generator tubes.展开更多
In this paper, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method was used to characterize concrete tubes and steel/plastic tanks buried in IAG/USP test site. The microwave tomography was used to improve the GPR images, aiming...In this paper, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method was used to characterize concrete tubes and steel/plastic tanks buried in IAG/USP test site. The microwave tomography was used to improve the GPR images, aiming to retrieve the geometry of the targets. The numerical modeling studies also were done in order to predict the GPR results of the buried targets and to give more reliability to the results interpretation. The targets were installed in the first shallow geophysical test site of the Brazil located at Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics, and Atmospheric Science (IAG) of the University of S?o Paulo (USP). GPR profiles of 200 MHz (shielded bistatic antennas) were acquired along three lines containing concrete tubes and steel/plastic tanks buried in subsoil. The concrete tubes show a hyperbolic reflector for the top, and the vertical tube also presented a reflection on its bottom. The horizontal steel tanks were characterized by a strong GPR reflection on their top. The empty plastic tank shows a strong reflector for the top with normal polarity. On the other hand, the plastic tank filled with water shows a weaker reflector for its top characterized by the inverted polarity of GPR signal when compared with empty plastic tank. The plastic tank filled with water also went characterized by the strong reflection to its bottom, being a good indicative to interpret GPR data on target in subsoil with some types of fluid inside of tank. The results of polarity difference for the top of tank can be used as guide pattern to identify buried tank empty or filled with water. The application of microwave tomography to the GPR data permitted to determine the position and get a good identification of the edges of the targets studied. The numeric modeling presented a good accordance with real data reducing the ambiguities in interpretation of results. These results can be used as a reference, and they can be extrapolated for areas where there is no subsurface information.展开更多
Ring hoop tension test and tube bulging test were carried out at elevated temperatures up to 480 ℃to evaluate the formability of AZ31B extruded tube for internal high pressure forming （IHPF） process. The total elon...Ring hoop tension test and tube bulging test were carried out at elevated temperatures up to 480 ℃to evaluate the formability of AZ31B extruded tube for internal high pressure forming （IHPF） process. The total elongation along hoop direction and the maximum expansion ratio （MER） of the tube were obtained. The fracture surface after bursting was also analyzed. The results show that the total elongation along hoop direction and the MER value have a similar changing tendency as the testing temperature increases, which is quite different from the total elongation along axial direction. Both the total elongation along hoop direction and the MER value increase to a peak value at about 160 ℃. After that, they begin to decrease quickly until a certain rebounding temperature is reached. From the rebounding temperature, they begin to increase rapidly again. Burnt structure appears on the fracture surface when tested at temperatures higher than 420 ℃. Therefore, the forming temperature of the tested tube should be lower than 420 ℃, even though bigger formability can be achieved at higher temperature.展开更多
Background: A new rapid Immunochromatographic test (ICT) kit (MPT64 TB Ag Kit) for detection of MPT64 Antigen in M. tuberculosis (MTB) isolates used for rapid identification of MTB isolates developed by SD (Standard D...Background: A new rapid Immunochromatographic test (ICT) kit (MPT64 TB Ag Kit) for detection of MPT64 Antigen in M. tuberculosis (MTB) isolates used for rapid identification of MTB isolates developed by SD (Standard Diagnostics) Bio line, South Korea was evaluated. The ICT is a rapid, reliable and cheaper method that can be used instead of conventional biochemical tests for confirming MTB in culture isolates in resource limited laboratories. The study also evaluated the ability of ICT to detect MPT64-Antigen before the micro MGIT could signal positive. Material/Methods: A total of 450 sputum samples of individual patients were used for the study. 152 isolates of Mycobacteria were recovered from solid and liquid media. These strains were tested for the detection of MPT64-antigen. H37Rv strain was served as the positive reference control and also used for early detection of Antigen experiment. Findings: The development of bands on both test and sample region when H37Rv strain was tested were seen (MPT64 antigen positive). When 138 MTB isolates were tested, it showed a similar banding pattern indicating 100% sensitivity. MPT64 band formation was not detected in any of the 14 isolates indicating 100% specificity. Both PPV & NPV were 100%. All the isolates negative for MPT64 Ag were confirmed as MOTT by conventional bio-chemical PNBA. The H37Rv strain showed a faint band from the 2nd day onwards from inoculation till 3rd day in the earlier Antigen detection experiment. Conclusion: Rapid identification of MTB culture isolate is a pressing need for diagnosis and proceeding to perform drug susceptibility testing. MPT64 TB Ag detection ICT kit is a rapid, reliable method, good substitute for molecular identification methods, and conventional biochemical test which is time-consuming and technically demanding. The early detection of Antigen can be used as an effective tool in diagnosis.展开更多
Conventional X-ray tube-based cone-beam computed tomography(CX-CBCT) systems have great potential in industrial applications. Such systems can rapidly obtain a three-dimensional(3D) image of an object.Conventional X-r...Conventional X-ray tube-based cone-beam computed tomography(CX-CBCT) systems have great potential in industrial applications. Such systems can rapidly obtain a three-dimensional(3D) image of an object.Conventional X-ray tubes fulfill the requirements for industrial applications, because of their high tube voltage and power. Continuous improvements have been made to CX-CBCT systems, such as imaging time shortening,acquisition strategy optimization, and imaging software development, etc. In this study, a CX-CBCT system is developed. Additionally, some improvements to the CX-CBCT system are proposed based on the hardware conditions of the X-ray tube and detector. A near-detector(ND)geometry condition is employed to obtain a sharper image and larger detection area. An improved acquisition strategy is proposed to simplify operations and reduce total imaging time. In the ND geometry condition, a simplified method called FBP slice stacking(SS-FBP) is proposed, which can be applied to 3D image reconstruction. SS-FBP is timesaving relative to traditional methods. Furthermore, imaging software for the CX-CBCT system is developed in the MATLAB environment. Several imaging experiments were performed. The results suggest that the CX-CBCT system works properly, and that the above improvements are feasible and practical.展开更多
The mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy tube were tested by ring hoop tension test at different temperatures. The formability for tube hydroforming was also evaluated by flee-expansion test.The results show...The mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy tube were tested by ring hoop tension test at different temperatures. The formability for tube hydroforming was also evaluated by flee-expansion test.The results show that there exists a quick decrease of total elongation along hoop direction at the temperature range of 150-230℃,which is quite different from that along axial direction.The total elongation along hoop direction of welded tube is quite close to that of seamless tube until 230℃is reached.At higher temperature,the total elongation for seamless tube begins to increase while the value for welded tube continues to decrease. The maximum free expansion ratio of seamless tube increases considerably as temperature increases and reaches the maximum value of 30%at 170℃,then decreases quickly at higher temperature.展开更多
文摘A newly designed shock-tube for biological testing has been built in our labo-ratory.This tube is 39.34 m long.It consists of several sections:high pressure section,divergent section,transitional section,test section and wave-dissipated section.In theopen condition,the maximal overpressure is about 214,3 kPa,while in the closed condi-tion,the maximal overpressure may go up to 630.3 kPa.The energy source is compres-sed air.Using this equipment,we are able to inflict blast injuries with various degreesof severity in rabbits,dogs and sheep.
文摘A design for an air-cooled test tube, with a series of modular and movable rings (cylindrical “crystallization comb”), installed in a laboratory crucible furnace is presented. The setup allows easy regulation simultaneous crystallization tests of a series of different crystallization rates in several columns (matrix) of test tubes, enabling fast studies of obtaining crystals. This low-budget, portable device (i.e. adjustable airstream with more simple control options), can also be applied in tube and chamber furnaces. The relations between the crystallization rate and parameters of air-cooled test tube are given and numerically analyzed.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(No.XDA04040202-3)
文摘Performance characterization for massive photomultiplier tubes(PMTs) is a frequently encountered procedure in large nuclear and particle experiments.To facilitate this work,a dedicated test bench system has been developed at the Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The two-dimensional photocathode position scanning capability is an intrinsic function of the test bench,and up to 25 PMTs,with the diameter smaller than 2",can be tested simultaneously.The parameters of the light source pulses can be adjusted in a wide range,thus making it suitable for various characteristics measurements.The test bench system is highly automated with all the controlling operations integrated into a single software.Additionally,the hardware platform is extensible which allows complex testing schemes,and the modularity in the software design makes the migration from one testing configuration to another light-weight and efficient.All these features make the test bench versatile and reusable in different experiments.It has been first used in the construction of the Plastic Scintillator Detector(PSD) of DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),and a total of 570 Hamamatsu R4443 tubes were tested successfully.The performance was verified and the testing results are also reported in this article.
文摘This paper assessed the benefit of the in-situ pressure test to support steam generator tube integrity assessment and reviewed a conservatism of currently applied structural integrity assessment methodology against defected tubes. According to the steam generator program requirement, condition monitoring assessment was performed to the all detected flaws. For condition monitoring assessments, the limiting structural integrity requirement should be demonstrated for all detected degraded tubes at a probability of at least 0.95 at 50% confidence. Some flaws were slightly exceeded the structural integrity threshold values of the condition monitoring performance limits using analytical method. As a direct evaluation of tube integrity with degraded tubes, in-situ pressure testing performed on some selected flaws and passed all proof and leakage test criteria with no leakage. From this pressure testing, the authors have verified that degraded tubes met a specified value containing a defined safety margins. Also, the authors have confirmed that existing structural assessment methodology has enough margins to retain integrity of steam generator tubes.
文摘In this paper, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method was used to characterize concrete tubes and steel/plastic tanks buried in IAG/USP test site. The microwave tomography was used to improve the GPR images, aiming to retrieve the geometry of the targets. The numerical modeling studies also were done in order to predict the GPR results of the buried targets and to give more reliability to the results interpretation. The targets were installed in the first shallow geophysical test site of the Brazil located at Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics, and Atmospheric Science (IAG) of the University of S?o Paulo (USP). GPR profiles of 200 MHz (shielded bistatic antennas) were acquired along three lines containing concrete tubes and steel/plastic tanks buried in subsoil. The concrete tubes show a hyperbolic reflector for the top, and the vertical tube also presented a reflection on its bottom. The horizontal steel tanks were characterized by a strong GPR reflection on their top. The empty plastic tank shows a strong reflector for the top with normal polarity. On the other hand, the plastic tank filled with water shows a weaker reflector for its top characterized by the inverted polarity of GPR signal when compared with empty plastic tank. The plastic tank filled with water also went characterized by the strong reflection to its bottom, being a good indicative to interpret GPR data on target in subsoil with some types of fluid inside of tank. The results of polarity difference for the top of tank can be used as guide pattern to identify buried tank empty or filled with water. The application of microwave tomography to the GPR data permitted to determine the position and get a good identification of the edges of the targets studied. The numeric modeling presented a good accordance with real data reducing the ambiguities in interpretation of results. These results can be used as a reference, and they can be extrapolated for areas where there is no subsurface information.
基金Project(50805033)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(E200804)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China
文摘Ring hoop tension test and tube bulging test were carried out at elevated temperatures up to 480 ℃to evaluate the formability of AZ31B extruded tube for internal high pressure forming （IHPF） process. The total elongation along hoop direction and the maximum expansion ratio （MER） of the tube were obtained. The fracture surface after bursting was also analyzed. The results show that the total elongation along hoop direction and the MER value have a similar changing tendency as the testing temperature increases, which is quite different from the total elongation along axial direction. Both the total elongation along hoop direction and the MER value increase to a peak value at about 160 ℃. After that, they begin to decrease quickly until a certain rebounding temperature is reached. From the rebounding temperature, they begin to increase rapidly again. Burnt structure appears on the fracture surface when tested at temperatures higher than 420 ℃. Therefore, the forming temperature of the tested tube should be lower than 420 ℃, even though bigger formability can be achieved at higher temperature.
文摘Background: A new rapid Immunochromatographic test (ICT) kit (MPT64 TB Ag Kit) for detection of MPT64 Antigen in M. tuberculosis (MTB) isolates used for rapid identification of MTB isolates developed by SD (Standard Diagnostics) Bio line, South Korea was evaluated. The ICT is a rapid, reliable and cheaper method that can be used instead of conventional biochemical tests for confirming MTB in culture isolates in resource limited laboratories. The study also evaluated the ability of ICT to detect MPT64-Antigen before the micro MGIT could signal positive. Material/Methods: A total of 450 sputum samples of individual patients were used for the study. 152 isolates of Mycobacteria were recovered from solid and liquid media. These strains were tested for the detection of MPT64-antigen. H37Rv strain was served as the positive reference control and also used for early detection of Antigen experiment. Findings: The development of bands on both test and sample region when H37Rv strain was tested were seen (MPT64 antigen positive). When 138 MTB isolates were tested, it showed a similar banding pattern indicating 100% sensitivity. MPT64 band formation was not detected in any of the 14 isolates indicating 100% specificity. Both PPV & NPV were 100%. All the isolates negative for MPT64 Ag were confirmed as MOTT by conventional bio-chemical PNBA. The H37Rv strain showed a faint band from the 2nd day onwards from inoculation till 3rd day in the earlier Antigen detection experiment. Conclusion: Rapid identification of MTB culture isolate is a pressing need for diagnosis and proceeding to perform drug susceptibility testing. MPT64 TB Ag detection ICT kit is a rapid, reliable method, good substitute for molecular identification methods, and conventional biochemical test which is time-consuming and technically demanding. The early detection of Antigen can be used as an effective tool in diagnosis.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.lzujbky-2016-208 and lzujbky-2016-32)
文摘Conventional X-ray tube-based cone-beam computed tomography(CX-CBCT) systems have great potential in industrial applications. Such systems can rapidly obtain a three-dimensional(3D) image of an object.Conventional X-ray tubes fulfill the requirements for industrial applications, because of their high tube voltage and power. Continuous improvements have been made to CX-CBCT systems, such as imaging time shortening,acquisition strategy optimization, and imaging software development, etc. In this study, a CX-CBCT system is developed. Additionally, some improvements to the CX-CBCT system are proposed based on the hardware conditions of the X-ray tube and detector. A near-detector(ND)geometry condition is employed to obtain a sharper image and larger detection area. An improved acquisition strategy is proposed to simplify operations and reduce total imaging time. In the ND geometry condition, a simplified method called FBP slice stacking(SS-FBP) is proposed, which can be applied to 3D image reconstruction. SS-FBP is timesaving relative to traditional methods. Furthermore, imaging software for the CX-CBCT system is developed in the MATLAB environment. Several imaging experiments were performed. The results suggest that the CX-CBCT system works properly, and that the above improvements are feasible and practical.
基金Project(2006BAE04B03)supported by the National Key Technology Support ProgramProject(20070410901)supported by ChinaPostdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘The mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy tube were tested by ring hoop tension test at different temperatures. The formability for tube hydroforming was also evaluated by flee-expansion test.The results show that there exists a quick decrease of total elongation along hoop direction at the temperature range of 150-230℃,which is quite different from that along axial direction.The total elongation along hoop direction of welded tube is quite close to that of seamless tube until 230℃is reached.At higher temperature,the total elongation for seamless tube begins to increase while the value for welded tube continues to decrease. The maximum free expansion ratio of seamless tube increases considerably as temperature increases and reaches the maximum value of 30%at 170℃,then decreases quickly at higher temperature.
