Diagnosis of tuberculous uveitis by the macrogenome of intraocular fluid:A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Tuberculous uveitis caused by tuberculosis infection factors is common,but tuberculous uveitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis found in the intraocular fluid is rare.This report describes the use of intraocular fluid in the diagnosis of tuberculous uveitis in a patient and reviews the relevant literature.CASE SUMMARY A 24-year-old woman who was 31-wk pregnant visited Hebei Chest Hospital due to intermittent chest pain,fever,and decreased vision for 3 mo.The hydrothorax test suggested“tuberculous pleurisy”,and yellow effusion was extracted from the chest tube twice resulting in a total volume of approximately 800 mL.The patient chose to continue the pregnancy without treatment,and was hospitalized again due to high fever.Following 2 mo of anti-tuberculosis treatment,a healthy boy was delivered by cesarean section.Tuberculous uveitis was diagnosed using tuberculosis Xpert,and intraocular infection was detected by second-generation gene sequencing.Following systemic treatment,the patient gradually improved,and the corrected visual acuity of the left eye gradually increased from 0.08 to 1.0.CONCLUSION The etiology of uveitis is complex,and it is necessary to assess the patient’s general condition and apply molecular biology methods to determine the pathogenesis and guide precise treatment,to improve clinicians’awareness and standardize treatment of the disease.

Research Progress of microRNA in the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleurisy

Tuberculosis has become a major public health and social problem threatening human health, and a large proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis patients are associated with tuberculous pleurisy (TP). Therefore, it is of great significance to find markers with high specificity and sensitivity for the rapid and accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis of TP under the severe background of high infectivity and mortality due to the occult nature of TP. The extraction of microRNA (miRNA) from pleural effusion satisfies the characteristics of strong operability. miRNA exists not only in cells, but also in various body fluids and participates in the pathophysiological process of various diseases including infectious diseases. miRNA is a highly specific biomarker in pleural fluid in patients with TP. Therefore, this article provides a review of the research progress of mRNA in tuberculous pleurisy.

Assessment by meta-analysis of interferon-gamma for the diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis

AIM:To investigate the performance and diagnostic accuracy of interferon-gamma(IFN-γ) for tuberculous peritonitis(TBP) by meta-analysis.METHODS:A systematic search of English language studies was performed.We searched the following electronic databases:MEDLINE,EMBASE,Web of Science,BIOSIS,LILACS and the Cochrane Library.The Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy initiative and Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy tool were used to assess the methodological quality of the studies.Sensitivity,specificity,and other measures of the accuracy of IFN-γ concentration in the diagnosis of peritoneal effusion were pooled using random-effects models.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were applied to summarize overall test performance.Two reviewers independently judged study eligibility while screening the citations.RESULTS:Six studies met the inclusion criteria.The average inter-rater agreement between the two reviewers for items in the quality checklist was 0.92.Analysis of IFN-γ level for TBP diagnosis yielded a summary estimate:sensitivity,0.93(95%CI,0.87-0.97);specificity,0.99(95%CI,0.97-1.00);positive likelihood ratio(PLR),41.49(95%CI,18.80-91.55);negative likelihood ratio(NLR),0.11(95%CI,0.06-0.19);and diagnostic odds ratio(DOR),678.02(95%CI,209.91-2190.09).χ 2 values of the sensitivity,specificity,PLR,NLR and DOR were 5.66(P = 0.3407),6.37(P = 0.2715),1.38(P = 0.9265),5.46(P = 0.3621) and 1.42(P = 0.9220),respectively.The summary receiver ROC curve was positioned near the desirable upper left corner and the maximum joint sensitivity and specificity was 0.97.The area under the curve was 0.99.The evaluation of publication bias was not significant(P = 0.922).CONCLUSION:IFN-γ may be a sensitive and specific marker for the accurate diagnosis of TBP.The level of IFN-γ may contribute to the accurate differentiation of tuberculosis(TB) ascites from non-TB ascites.

Interferon-gamma release assays in tuberculous uveitis:a comprehensive review

·Tuberculous uveitis(TBU)comprises a broad clinical spectrum of ocular manifestations,making its diagnosis challenging.Ophthalmologists usually require evidence from investigations to confirm or support a clinical diagnosis of TBU.Since direct isolation of the causative organism from ocular specimens has limitations owing to the small volume of the ocular specimens,resultant test positivities are low in yield.Immunodiagnostic tests,including the tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assays(IGRAs),can help support a clinical diagnosis of TBU.Unlike the tuberculin skin test,IGRAs are in vitro tests that require a single visit and are not affected by prior Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination.Currently,available IGRAs consist of different techniques and interpretation methods.Moreover,newer generations have been developed to improve the sensitivity and ability to detect active tuberculosis.This narrative review collates salient practice points as a reference for general ophthalmologists,such as evidence for the utilization of IGRAs in patients with suspected TBU,and summarizes basic knowledge and details of clinical applications of these tests in a clinical setting.

Misdiagnosis of tuberculosis and the clinical relevance of nontuberculous mycobacteria in Zambia

Objective:To determine the accuracy of TB diagnosis of TB in Zambia in the era of increasing HIV prevalence.Methods:Sputum of the clinically diagnosed TB cases was additionally subjected to liquid culture and molecular identification.This study distinguished between TB cases confirmed by positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis) cultures and mycobacterial disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria(NTM).Results:Only 49% of the 173 presumptively diagnosed TB cases was M.tuberculosis cultured,while in 13% (22) cases,a combination of M.tuberculosis and NTM was found.In 18% of the patients only NTM were cultured.In 28% ,no mycobacteria was cultivable.HIV positive status was correlated with the isolation of NTM(P【0.05).Conclusions:The diagnosis of tuberculosis based on symptoms, sputum smear and/or chest X-ray leads to significant numbers of false-positive TB cases in Zambia,most likely due to the increased prevalence of HIV.The role of NTM in tuberculosislike disease also seems relevant to the false diagnosis of TB in Zambia.

Innovations in the diagnosis and management of uveitis: promising research to address unmet patient needs

Uveitis,or inflammation of the uveal tissues(iris,ciliary body and the choroid),and its contiguous structures,can lead to severe visual impairment and is among the leading causes of vision impairment worldwide(1).In clinical practice,specialists in uveitis and ocular immunology are called upon to manage a range of uveitis syndromes-infectious disease,noninfectious autoimmune conditions,and masquerade syndromes such as lymphoma.Moreover,ophthalmologists of all subspecialties(i.e.,medical and surgical retina,corneal surgeons,orbital/oculoplastic surgeons,and comprehensive ophthalmologists)are called upon to manage uveitis syndromes,emphasizing clear importance to understanding common uveitis syndromes,diagnostic workups,and the state-of-the-art in uveitis and ocular inflammation care.

Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis:Experience from 11 cases and review of the literature

AIM:To analyze the experience within our hospital and to review the literature so as to establish the best means of diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis. METHODS:The records of 11 patients (4 males,7 females, mean age 39 years,range 18-65 years) diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis in Harran University Hospital between January 1996 and October 2003 were analyzed retrospectively and the literature was reviewed. RESULTS:Ascites was present in all cases.Other common findings were weight loss (81%),weakness (81%),abdominal mass (72%),abdominal pain (72%),abdominal distension (63%),anorexia (45%) and night sweat (36%).The average hemoglobin was 8.2 g/dL and the average FAR was 50 mm/h (range 30-125).Elevated levels of cancer antigen CA-125 were determined in four patients.Abdominal ultrasound showed abnormalities in all cases:ascites in all,tuboovarian mass in five,omental thickening in 3,and enlarged lymph nodes (mesenteric,para-aortic) in 2.CT scans showed ascites in all,pelvic mass in 5,retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in 4,mesenteric stranding in 4,omental stranding in 3, bowel wall thickening in 2 and mesenteric lymphadenopathy in 2.Only one patient had a chest radiograph suggestive of a new TB lesion.Two had a positive family history of pulmonary TB.None had acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in the sputum and the tuberculin test was positive in only two.Laparotomy was performed in 6 cases,laparoscopy in 4 and ultrasound- guided fine needle aspiration in 2.In those patients subjected to operation,the findings were multiple diffuse involvement of the visceral and parietal peritoneum,white ‘miliary nodules’or plaques,enlarged lymph nodes,ascites, ‘violin string’fibrinous strands,and omental thickening. Biopsy specimens showed granulomas,while ascitic fluid showed numerous lymphocytes.Both were negative for acid-fast bacilli by staining.PCR of ascitic fluid was positive for Mycobactenum tuberculosis ( M.tuberculosis) in all cases. CONCLUSION:Abdominal TB should be considered in all cases with ascites.Our experience suggests that PCR of ascitic fluid obtained by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is a reliable method for its diagnosis and should at least be attempted before surgical intervention.

Evaluation of molecular and immunological methods for diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy

Objective:The inefficiency of conventional laboratory methods for diagnosis of Pleural tuberculosis(TBP) and the reliance on pleural biopsy have motivated the evaluation of alternative diagnostic strategies.Our goal was to evaluate different laboratory techniques Ziehl Neelsen,Mantoux skin test,determination of interferon gamma in serum and pleural fluid,polymerase chain reaction and serological study of specific IgG,IgM and IgA beside bacteriological culture by BACTEC 460 TB for rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy. Methods:Patients presented with pleural effusions were subjected to study by ZN,PCR,serological study By specific IgG,IgM and IgA for A60 of tuberculosis compared to culture by BACTEC460 TB.Interferon gamma was determined both in serum and pleural fluid.Results:Mantoux skin test was positive in 19 TBP patients and four patients with exudative pleural effusion.Z.N staining results of pleural biopsy specimens were positive in only 1 of 23 patients(4.3%) in the tuberculous pleural effusion group.PCR was positive in 20 cases of group 1(87%).Serum and pleural fluid interferon had significantly elevated levels(P【0.000 1) in TBP and both measurements had significant correlation in TBP(P【0.000 1).The serum IgA ELISA test was positive in 7/23(30.4%),IgM was positive in 17/23(73.9%) patients and IgG was positive in 16/23(69%) patients.Non of the non TBP had either ZN,PCR or positive serum IgA,IgG,or IgM.When the positive results for IgG and IgM were combined together the serological tests correcdy identified 20/23(87%) of patients. Conclusion:We suggest that in TBP serological diagnosis by combined use of IgG and IgM for A60 antigen with serum determination of interferon gamma can provide rapid and non invasive diagnostic tool that can justify the starting of chemotherapy while awaiting the results of culture.

Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid T-SPOT.TB for Tuberculousis Meningitis in China

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the cerebrospinal fluid（CSF） T‐SPOT.TB test for the diagnosis of TB meningitis（TBM）. A retrospective analysis of 96 patients with manifested meningitis was conducted; T‐SPOT.TB test was performed for diagnosing TBM to determine the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value（PPV）, and negative predictive value（NPV）. A receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was also drawn to assess the diagnostic accuracy. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CSF T‐SPOT.TB test were 97.8%, 78.0%, 80.3%, and 97.5%, respectively, for 52 patients（54.2%） of the 96 enrolled patients. The area under the curve（AUC） was 0.910, and the sensitivities of CSF T‐SPOT.TB for patients with stages I, II, and III of TBM were 96.7%, 97.2%, and 98.9%, respectively. CSF T‐SPOT.TB test is a rapid and accurate diagnostic method with higher sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing TBM.

Tuberculous peritonitis in children:Report of nine patients and review of the literature

AIM:To present our experience with tuberculous peritonitis treated in our hospital from 2002-2007. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 9 children with tuberculous peritonitis. RESULTS: Nine patients (5 boys, 4 girls) of mean age 14.2 years were diagnosed with peritoneal tuberculosis. All patients presented with abdominal distention. Abdominal pain was seen in 55.5% and fever in 44.4% of the patients. Four cases had coexisting pleural effusion and two had pulmonary tuberculosis with parenchymal consolidation. Ultrasonography found ascites with septation in 7 patients. Two patients had only ascites without septation. Ascitic fluid analysis of 8 patients yielded serum-ascite albumin gradients of less than 1.1 gr/dL. Laparoscopy and laparotomy showed that whitish tuberculi were the most common appearance. Adhesions were also seen in three cases. The diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis was confirmed histo-pathologically in 7 patients and microbiologically in two. Two patients had been diagnosed by ascitic fluid diagnostic features and a positive response to antituberculous treatment. All patients completed the antituberculous therapy without any complications. CONCLUSION: Tuberculous peritonitis has to be clinically suspected in all patients with slowly progressive abdominal distension, particularly when it is accompanied by fever and pain. Laparoscopy and peritoneal biopsy are still the most reliable, quick and safe methods for the diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis.

CT Differentiation of Diffuse Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma, Tuberculous Peritonitis, and Peritoneal Carcinomatosis

Objective:To investigate the significance of computed tomography findings in diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma(DMPeM),tuberculous peritonitis(TBP),and peritoneal carcinomatosis(PC)to differentiate the three diseases.Methods:The clinical manifestation and computed tomography scans of 147 patients with diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma(n=60),tuberculous peritonitis(n=32),and peritoneal carcinomatosis(n=55)were retrospectively reviewed,while taking into account of ascites,pleural plaques,viscera infiltration;abnormalities in the peritoneum;involvement of the mesentery and omentum;as well as the presence and location of enlarged lymph nodes.Results:There was no significant difference among all three groups in terms of clinical manifestation,peritoneum,omentum,and mesentery involvement,ascites,as well as the presence and location of enlarged lymph nodes.The study found that 95%of DMPeM patients had been exposed to asbestos in the past.The patients showed significant differences in the following aspects:(1)irregular peritoneum thickening,caked omentum thickening,pleural plaques,visceral infiltration,and asbestos exposure were more common in peritoneal mesothelioma patients;(2)nodular peritoneum thickening and visceral metastasis were more common in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis;(3)smooth peritoneal thickening,pleural effusion,and extraperitoneal tuberculosis were more common in patients with tuberculous peritonitis.Conclusion:A combination of computed tomography findings could improve our ability in differentiating the three diseases.

Xpert MTB/RIF联合T-SPOT.TB对结核性脑膜炎的早期诊断价值

目的探讨利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增技术(Xpert MTB/RIF)联合结核感染T细胞斑点试验(TSPOT.TB)对结核性脑膜炎早期诊断的临床价值。方法收集2019年10月至2022年9月于河南省胸科医院就诊的疑似结核性脑膜炎患者90例,经确诊分为脑膜炎组(46例)和非脑膜炎组(44例)。所有研究对象进行脑脊液抗酸杆菌涂片、脑脊液Xpert MTB/RIF和外周血T-SPOT.TB检测,比较各单一检测方法和联合检测的诊断阳性率、阴性率和准确率,采用灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和受试者工作特征曲线对各检测方法的诊断价值进行评价。结果TSPOT.TB和Xpert MTB/RIF单一检测诊断阳性率(分别为69.57%和60.87%)均高于涂片抗酸染色(19.57%),TSPOT.TB与Xpert MTB/RIF并联检测诊断阳性率(89.13%)高于串联检测(60.87%)和所有单一检测方法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。并联检测诊断准确率(90.00%)高于串联检测(78.89%)和Xpert MTB/RIF检测(77.78%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。并联检测对结核性脑膜炎诊断的灵敏度和阴性预测值达到89.13%和88.89%,均高于串联检测和单一检测方法;特异度和阳性预测值分别为90.91%和91.11%,与串联检测和单一检测方法差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);曲线下面积最高,达到0.900(95%CI:0.828~0.972)。结论TSPOT.TB与Xpert MTB/RIF检测用于结核性脑膜炎诊断,相比较传统方法具有较好的敏感度和特异度,采取并联检测方式能够显著提高结核性脑膜炎的诊断效能,有利于早期诊断和治疗。

免疫学指标在感染性与非感染性葡萄膜炎患者中的鉴别诊断价值

目的:分析免疫学指标在感染性与非感染性葡萄膜炎患者中的鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2022年1月—2023年10月景德镇市第二人民医院收治的100例不明病因的葡萄膜炎患者资料。比较感染性与非感染性葡萄膜炎基线资料、常规生化检验结果,以最终综合诊断为标准,分析免疫学指标对感染性与非感染性葡萄膜炎的鉴别诊断效能。结果:100例不明病因的葡萄膜炎患者,最终诊断感染性葡萄膜炎32例/55眼(感染组),非感染性葡萄膜炎68例/114眼(非感染组)。感染组病因占比最高为急性视网膜坏死综合征(50.00%),最低为梅毒葡萄膜炎(6.25%);非感染组病因占比最高为特发性葡萄膜炎(51.47%),最低为Fuchs综合征(2.94%);两组基线资料、常规生化检验结果差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。免疫学指标对感染性与非感染性葡萄膜炎的检出率分别为87.50%、92.65%,与综合诊断比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:免疫学指标在感染性与非感染性葡萄膜炎患者中的存在较高鉴别诊断价值。

宏基因组二代测序用于结核性脑膜炎诊断的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析探讨宏基因组二代测序(mNGS)对结核性脑膜炎(TBM)的诊断价值,旨在为TBM的诊断和治疗提供科学依据。方法检索PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane library、Embase、万方数据库、中国知网和中国生物医学文献数据库,收集相关研究数据。采用Meta分析评估mNGS对TBM的诊断价值。结果共纳入11篇文献,涉及TBM患者435例及非TBM患者454例。mNGS诊断TBM的合并灵敏度为0.65[95%CI(0.61~0.70)],合并特异度为0.98[95%CI(0.96~0.99)],合并阳性似然比为12.09[95%CI(6.68~21.87)],合并阴性似然比(NLR)为0.38[95%CI(0.28~0.53)],合并诊断比值比为32.73[95%CI(14.39~74.45)],综合受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)为0.95(Q^(*)=0.89)。合并灵敏度和合并NLR的异质性均较大,但不存在阈值效应。亚组分析结果表明,回顾性研究组合并灵敏度高于前瞻性研究组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.019);回顾性研究组合并特异度与前瞻性研究组比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.196)。结论mNGS对TBM的诊断具有良好的特异度和AUC,但灵敏度中等。因此,应开发更为灵敏的检测方法,以辅助诊断TBM。

胸腔积液外泌体miR-506-3p联合腺苷脱氨酶检测在结核性胸膜炎的早期诊断及预后评估中的价值

目的 分析胸腔积液外泌体miR-506-3p联合腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA)在结核性胸膜炎的早期诊断及预后评估中的价值。方法 选取2021年8月至2023年3月就诊于沧州市人民医院的90例结核性胸膜炎患者作为结核组,另选同期于沧州市人民医院就诊的50例非结核性胸膜炎(肺炎旁胸腔积液、恶性胸腔积液等)患者作为非结核组,对比两组临床资料与胸腔积液外泌体miR-506-3p、ADA水平,经多因素Logistic回归分析影响结核性胸膜炎发生的危险因素。根据治疗3个月后患者预后情况,将结核组分为预后良好组(72例)、预后不良组(18例),对比两组胸腔积液外泌体miR-506-3p、ADA水平。经Pearson相关性分析,并绘制受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线),分析胸腔积液外泌体miR-506-3p、ADA水平及二者联合预测结核性胸膜炎发生及患者预后的价值。结果 结核组患者胸腔积液ADA水平比非结核组高,胸腔积液外泌体miR-506-3p水平比非结核组低(P<0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析发现,胸腔积液ADA水平高[OR=1.205(95%CI 1.105~1.313)]是结核性胸膜炎发生的危险因素(P<0.05),外泌体miR-506-3p水平高表达[OR=0.320(95%CI 0.158~0.658)]是结核性胸膜炎发生的保护因素(P<0.05);预后不良组患者胸腔积液ADA水平比预后良好组高,胸腔积液外泌体miR-506-3p水平比预后良好组低(P<0.05);绘制ROC曲线发现,胸腔积液ADA、外泌体miR-506-3p水平及二者联合预测结核性胸膜炎发生的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.729(95%CI 0.640~0.818)、0.810(95%CI 0.738~0.883)、0.874(95%CI 0.818~0.930),预测结核性胸膜炎患者不良预后的AUC为0.892(95%CI 0.806~0.978)、0.924(95%CI 0.868~0.981)、0.942(95%CI 0.875~1.000);Pearson相关性显示,胸腔积液ADA与外泌体miR-506-3p水平呈负相关(r=-0.335,P=0.001)。结论 结核性胸膜炎患者胸腔积液外泌体miR-506-3p呈低表达、ADA呈高表达,二者之间为负相关,且miR-506-3p联合ADA可有效预测结核性胸膜炎患者不良预后的发生。

结核病专科非结核分枝杆菌肺病菌种分布及病例特点研究

目的研究309医院结核病研究所接收的肺病病人中非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)肺病的菌种分布及病例特点,为临床诊断提供思路。方法收集309医院结核病研究所临床实验室2014年9月至2018年3月非结核分枝杆菌阳性报告,根据2012年版中华医学会《非结核分枝杆菌病诊断与治疗专家共识》建立确诊NTM肺病组,研究NTM肺病组中NTM的分布特点;根据NTM肺病组病例的年龄、性别、地域和发病时限建立配对肺结核组,研究两组病人基础状态的差别。结果 NTM阳性108例,分离率为4.66%。确诊NTM肺病72例,分离率为3.10%,90%病例来自华北和东北地区。包括胞内分枝杆菌(33/72,45.8%),龟/脓肿分枝杆菌(27/72,37.5%),鸟分枝杆菌(7/72,9.7%),堪萨斯分枝杆菌(3/72,4.2%),蟾蜍分枝杆菌(2/72,2.8%)。NTM肺病患者明确诊断用时平均27.8±30.8个月;平均年龄64.1±18.0岁;男女比例1.88∶1;>80岁组全部为男性,11/13为龟/脓肿分枝杆菌肺病;NTM肺病患者的基础性呼吸系统慢性疾病发生率高于肺结核病患者,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.141,P=0.042);女性NTM肺病的基础性支气管扩张发生率显著高于男性NTM肺病患者(χ~2=10.277,P=0.006)。龟/脓肿分枝杆菌肺病平均年龄75.2±14.8岁,胞内NTM肺病患者平均年龄59.9±17.0岁,这两种肺病的年龄分布差异有统计学意义(χ~2=14.832,P=0.011)。结论华北东北地区主要的NTM肺病致病菌是胞内分枝杆菌和龟/脓肿分枝杆菌;40岁之后NTM肺病发病率随年龄增多;80岁之后以龟/脓肿分枝杆菌为主;女性NTM肺病发病年龄相对小,基础性支气管扩张是女性NTM肺病的易感因素;NTM肺病明确诊断用时长,分枝杆菌核酸检验可以显著提高诊断效率。

T细胞斑点试验技术在结核性胸膜炎诊断中的价值

目的探讨结核分枝杆菌T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)技术在结核性胸膜炎诊断以及鉴别诊断中的临床应用价值。方法受试者共124例,包括健康对照者30名、初诊结核性胸膜炎患者37例、恶性胸腔积液患者32例、非结核性胸膜炎患者25例。用T-SPOT.TB测试上述受试者的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中对结核分枝杆菌早期分泌靶向抗原6(ESAT-6)和/或培养滤液蛋白10(CFP-10)致敏的T细胞,并与其他相关指标[腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)、结核抗体(TB-Ab)、涂片]进行比较。结果结核性胸膜炎组T-SPOT.TB检测阳性率为91.9%,显著高于健康对照组(0.0%)、恶性胸腔积液组(9.4%)和非结核性胸膜炎组(8.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T-SPOT.TB对结核性胸膜炎诊断的敏感性、特异性和诊断准确率分别为91.9%、90.6%、91.3%,优于ADA和TB-Ab。结论 T-SPOT.TB可用于结核性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断。在诊断结核性胸膜炎时T-SPOT.TB获得了较高的敏感性、特异性和诊断准确率。T-SPOT.TB作为辅助诊断结核性胸膜炎的方法值得在临床推广及应用。

结核感染T细胞斑点试验在结核性腹膜炎诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨结核感染T细胞斑点试验(enzyme-linked immunospot assay in detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection,T-SPOT.TB)在临床诊断结核性腹膜炎中的应用价值。方法对临床明确诊断结核性腹膜炎及可疑结核性腹膜炎患者(n=37)同时实施T-SPOT.TB、结核菌素试验(PPD)、结核抗体、血清腺苷脱胺酶(ADA)等检测,同时设非结核性腹膜炎患者为对照组(n=25)。结果利用T-SPOT.TB试验诊断结核性腹膜炎的阳性率为97.3%(36/37),明显高于PPD的45.5%(15/33)、结核抗体检查的15.2%(5/33)、血清ADA的33.3%(7/21),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。T-SPOT.TB试验诊断结核性腹膜炎的敏感性和特异性分别为97.3%和92.0%,显著高于PPD的45.5%和61.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 T-SPOT.TB酶联免疫斑点法是一种具有较高敏感性和特异性的检测结核感染的技术,对快速而准确地诊断结核性腹膜炎具有重要的临床应用价值。

结核性脑膜炎临床特点观察与治疗分析

目的总结结核性脑膜炎的临床表现、诊断和治疗特点,提高对该病的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析113例结核性脑膜炎患者的临床资料,包括实验室检查结果、诊断及预后情况。结果 101例患者呈亚急性、慢性起病,88例合并颅外结核。临床表现以发热、头痛、恶心、呕吐及脑膜刺激征为主;脑脊液改变以压力、细胞数、蛋白升高,糖及氯化物降低为主。77例患者行头颅MRI检查,异常者65例,表现为脑膜强化、脑积水、脑内结核瘤、脊髓损害、混合型。经正规抗结核治疗,临床治愈60例,好转36例,无效12例,死亡5例。结论患者的临床表现、脑脊液检查、头颅影像学检查及是否合并颅外结核病灶是结核性脑膜炎诊断的重要依据。早期诊断和及时合理治疗可以改善结核性脑膜炎患者的预后。

内科胸腔镜对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的观察结核性胸膜炎患者胸腔镜下的表现,提高对其特点的认识,并评价胸腔镜检查的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析28例经内科电子胸腔镜确诊的结核性胸膜炎患者的临床资料。结果结核性胸膜炎患者胸腔镜下主要有4种形态:胸膜弥漫性充血、粟粒样改变2例(7.14%)、胸膜多发白色结节影13例(46.43%)、胸膜腔内纤维苔素沉积及粘连带12例(42.86%),胸膜肥厚、呈多房性1例(3.57%)。14例患者胸膜病理为肉芽肿性炎伴干酪性坏死,11例患者为肉芽肿性炎,3例患者为黏膜慢性炎症。无1例发生严重并发症。结论电子胸腔镜检查安全,在结核性胸腔积液的诊断中具有重要的应用价值。