Genetic Variability, Heritability and Correlation of Some Morphological and Yield Components Traits in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Collections

The study was conducted with the main objective to evaluate the genetic variability, heritability, and clustering pattern exploration of morphological and yield related traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collections in the bimodal rainfall agroecological zone of Cameroon using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The data obtained on morphological and yield traits were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the viability rate of the collections varied from 77.78% to 96.55% respectively for the Maffo and Desiree collections, while the greatest number of tubers per plant varied from 4 to 18 respectively for Synergie and Desiree. The emergence rate varies from 60% to 1.66% respectively for Maffo et Doza collections. However, Desiree presents the highest TL (96.55) while Maffo shows the lowest value (77.78%). The yield per hectare varied from 1.14 to 9.3 t/h for Maffo and Doza respectively. For all the characteristics observed, Phenotypic Coefficients of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficients of Variation (GCV) suggesting the role of environment in the expression of traits under observation. The highest GCV and PCV 47.55 and 58.94 respectively were observed for Diameter at the collar (DC). Most of the traits showed high GAM (>20%)) except Average Tuber Length (ATL) with a moderate value (19.8). In terms of vegetative development, the Desiree variety showed the highest performance. Based on the growth and yield results, Doza seems to be the most recommendable crop in the study area.

韭(Allium tuberosum)叶绿体基因组及其特征分析

以韭(Allium tuberosum)叶绿体基因组为研究对象,利用Illumina NovaSep高通量测序技术对韭叶绿体基因组进行测序,研究了韭叶绿体基因组结构、密码子偏好性、简单重复序列、叶绿体基因组的比较和系统发育,以期为韭分子标记开发、种质资源鉴定和开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明:韭叶绿体基因组全长154056bp,共注释133个基因,包括tRNA38个,rRNA8个,蛋白编码基因87个;韭cpDNA密码子偏爱以A或U结尾,Leu使用频率最高,Cys使用频率最低;在叶绿体基因组中共检测250个SSR位点,其中单核苷酸重复数量最多(164个),六核苷酸重复最少(1个);基因组IR边界未出现明显的扩张和收缩;系统发育分析显示,野韭和韭亲缘关系最近。

吊兰属植物Chlorophytum tuberosum的化学成分及其对血小板聚集的作用

[目的]研究Chlorophytum tuberosum50%乙醇提取物中的化学成分及其对血小板聚集的作用。[方法]运用各种柱色谱及制备型高效液相等对化学成分进行分离纯化,综合运用NMR、LC-MS等波谱技术鉴定化合物结构;以ADP为激动剂,阿司匹林为阳性对照,初步测定了不同极性洗脱物及部分化合物对血小板聚集的影响。[结果]共分离得到11个化学成分,分别为:新替告皂苷元(1)、(25S)-曼诺皂苷元(2)、新海柯皂苷元(3)、新海柯皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→2)-[β-D-葡萄糖-(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷(4)、新吉托皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→2)-[β-D-葡萄糖-(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷(5)、新吉托皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→2)-[β-D-葡萄糖-(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷(6)、新吉托皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→2)-[β-D-木糖-(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷(7)、大叶吊兰苷C(8)、大叶吊兰苷E(9)、β-谷甾醇(10)和胡萝卜苷(11)。[结论]化合物1为吊兰属首次分离,化合物2为百合科首次分离,其他化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到;70%乙醇洗脱物及化合物6、7有诱导血小板聚集的活性,而95%乙醇洗脱物有抑制血小板聚集的活性。

韭菜(Allium tuberosum Rottler.ex Spreng.)凝集素的细胞凝集和糖抑制作用

从韭菜叶片组织分离的韭菜凝集素具有凝集细胞的作用。在测试的红细胞中能凝集小鼠、豚鼠、兔的红细胞,其中对兔的红细胞凝集活性最高。韭菜凝集素还能凝集小鼠S_(180)肉瘤细胞、大鼠W_(258)肿瘤细胞,人的Hela肿瘤细胞和MGC_(80-3)胃癌细胞、小鼠和大鼠的骨髓细胞以及牛精子细胞,而不凝集小鼠艾氏肿瘤细胞、小鼠和大鼠的脾脏淋巴细胞。韭菜凝集素的血凝活性可被D—甘露糖、D—半乳糖和D—松二糖所抑制。

Chinese leek(Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel) reduced disease symptom caused by root-knot nematode

Root-knot nematodes（RKNs,Meloidogyne spp.） are obligate biotrophic parasites that settle close to the vascular tissues in plant roots.The diseases resulting from RKN infections cause serious damage to agricultural production worldwide.In the present paper,the resistance of Chinese leek（Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel） against RKNs,its suppressive effect on nematode disease,its nematicidal activity and its component profile were studied to identify an efficient disease control method.In soil heavily infected by nematodes,Chinese leek showed strong resistance to RKNs.Additionally,the gall indexes of cucumber plants rotated with Chinese leek and of tomato plants intercropped with Chinese leek were reduced by 70.2 and 41.1%,respectively.In a pot experiment,the gall indexes of Chinese leek extract-treated tomato and cucumber plants were reduced by 88.9 and 75.9%,respectively.In an in vitro experiment,the mortality rate of a RKN（Meloidogyne incognita J2） treated with Chinese leek extract was significantly higher than that of the control.The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） analysis revealed that glycosides,carboxylic acids,ketones and organic sulfides are the main components in the Chinese leek extract.This study revealed that Chinese leek possesses a high resistance to RKNs,has strong nematicidal activity against M.incognita and can significantly reduce the incidence of disease caused by nematodes.

Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of red and blue lightemitting diodes(LEDs)on the growth,chlorophyll fluorescence and endogenous plant hormones of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)plantlets cultured in vitro

Red and blue light illumination has been reported to significantly affect plantlet growth.Potato is an important food and feed crop in the world and potato plantlet cultured in vitro plays an important role in potato production.However,few studies have documented the effects of red and blue light on the growth of potato plantlets revealed at the transcriptome level.The objective of this study was to determine the growth and physiological responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro under monochromatic red(RR),monochromatic blue(BB)as well as combined red and blue(RB)LEDs using the RNA-Seq technique.In total,3150 and 814 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected in potato plantlets under RR and BB,respectively,compared to RB(used as control).Compared to the control,the DEGs enriched in"photosynthesis"and"photosynthesis-antenna proteins"metabolic pathways were up-regulated and down-regulated by BB and RR,respectively,which might be responsible for the increases and decreases of maximum quantum yield(F_(v)/F_(m)),photochemical quantum yield(φ_(PSII)),photochemical quenching(q_(P))and electron transfer rate(ETR)in BB and RR,respectively.Potato plantlets exhibited dwarfed stems and extended leaves under BB,whereas elongated stems and small leaves were induced under RR.These dramatically altered plantlet phenotypes were associated with variable levels of endogenous plant hormones gibberellin(GAs),indoleacetic acid(IAA)and cytokinins(CKs),as assessed in stems and leaves of potato plantlets.In addition,monochromatic red and blue LEDs trigged the opposite expression profiles of DEGs identified in the"plant hormone signal transduction"metabolic pathway,which were closely related to the endogenous plant hormone levels in potato plantlets.Our results provide insights into the responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro to red and blue LEDs at the transcriptomic level and may contribute to improvements in the micro-propagation of potato plantlets cultured in vitro from the light spectrum aspect.

Isolation of a Plasmalemma Aquaporin Encoding Gene StPIP1 from Solanum tuberosum L. and Its Expression in Transgenic Tobacco

Aquaporin （AQP） belongs to a highly conserved group of membrane proteins considered as major intrinsic proteins, which facilitate water transport across biological membranes. The discovery of AQPs in plants has resulted in a paradigm shift in the understanding of plant-water relations, however, the potential relationship between the role of aquaporins in regulating plant water balance and drought tolerance still remains elusive. In this study, the gene encoding potato AQP cDNA, StPIP1 （GenBank accession no. DQ999080）, was cloned from the leaf of potato cultivar Gannongshu 2 by reverse transcription-PCR （RT-PCR）. Sequence alignment was made by BLASTn in GenBank, the phylogenetic analysis was conducted using PHYLIPWY, the 3D structure was predicted in Swiss-Model server. Subcellular localization of StPIP1 was performed by constructing CaMV35S-StPIP1-GFP and rd29A-StPIP1-GFP fusion proteins and transient expression in onion epidermis. To understand StPIP1 physiological functions in potato under various stress conditions, the StPIP1 gene in a reverse orientation was transformed into tobacco driven by the Cauliflower mosaic virus （CMV） 35S promoter. The expression levels of transgenic and wild-type plants were assessed under various abiotic stress conditions using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and the morphological and physiological responses of transgenic plants to different stress conditions were investigated. The expression of StPIP1 mRNA decreased in transgenic plants under non-stress and stress conditions, however, the reduction was more severer under drought stress. In both non-stress and stress conditions, StPIP1 was expressed predominantly in root. The morphological and physiological investigation showed no significant differences in growth rate, germination rate, and root fresh weight （FW） between transgenic and wild-type plants when grown under favorable conditions. In contrast, under drought stress, the reduction in StPIPI expression leads to a delay in seed germination and seedling growth, accelerated seedling wilt, and leaf morphological abnormity. Under ＂enough＂ water conditions （i.e., water culture）, the aerial parts of anti-sense plants showed no differences. However, for the aerial parts to accumulate the same amount of biomass, transgenic plants needed about 3 times more abundant root system to transport water for plant growth than wild-type plants. Morphological investigation showed that the reduction in StPIP1 expression increased the root system in transgenic plants under drought stress. As a result, the increase of root mass might compensate the reduced cellular water permeability in order to ensure a sufficient water supply for the plant. Results demonstrated that StPIP1 plays an important role for water transportation in potato, especially under drought stress conditions. The reduced expression of StPIP1 decreases the cellular water transport and influences the expression of endogenous AQPs genes and thereby, has impacts on seed germination, seedling growth, and stress responses of potato to drought conditions.

Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of a FT Homologous Gene from Solanum tuberosum

A homologue of flowering locus T gene, designated StFT, was isolated from Solanum tuberosum by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction （accession no. GU223211）. The DNA sequence of StFT was 1 626 bp long and contained four exons and three introns. The open reading frame of the gene was 522 bp long and encoded a putative protein of 173 amino acids with a molecular weight of 19.75 kD and a theoretical pI of 7.76. StFT protein had a conserved PBP domain and a higher degree of identity with FT homologous members from other species. Analysis on the mRNA levels of StFT showed that it was highly expressed in leaves, apical buds, flowers, and swelling stolons. Further analysis indicated that its expression was regulated by CONSTANS gene in StCOL-antisense transgenic potato plants.

Environmental, morphological and physiological factors analyzes for optimization of potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>L.) microtuber <i>in vitro</i>germination

The microtuber is considered one of the most effective means of spreading basic materials, as well as transporting and preserving potato germplasm varieties. To define the optimal conditions for the potato microtuber in vitro germination of Aida, Atlas and Odessa varieties, the effects of temperature, physiological age and grade (size) were evaluated. The study conducted at three different temperature levels has demonstrated that the most favorable temperature for microtuber germination at a higher and faster germination rate was 25℃, regardless of the variety. In addition, microtubers of large caliber, greater than 4 mm, germinate more quickly, with a higher germination rate, than smaller size ones (less than 4 mm) for all genotypes. For Atlas, Aida and Odessa varieties, a germination rate equal to 86.66%, 70% and 70% respectively, was obtained for microtubers with a caliber superior to 4 mm. Physiological age influences microtuber germination. The mean length of sprouts, reached after a 7 week incubation period, was more marked at “multiple sprout” and “branched sprout” stages than at a “monosprout” stage. The average length was 2.35 cm, 2.48 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively. Thus, it is necessary to plant microtubers at a “multiple sprout” stage to optimize their yield in plants and minitubers.

Study on PEG6000 Treatment on Budding Percentage And Germination Rate of Allium Tuberosum Roxb.Seeds

Allium tuberosum Roxb is very popular for its function of stomach-strengthening,spirit-freshening,yang-warming and kidney essencereplenishing,however,its seeds appear to low bud,irregular sapling and other side effects,which result in low yield and poor quality.This paper analyzed effects of PEG6000 concentration on budding percentage in detail.It comes to conclusions that budding percentage of No.1 seed increases from 71% to 92% on the basis of 36 h treatment by 20% PEG6000 and 24 h water-drying,that of No.3 seed ranges from 30.4% to 53.4% on the basis of the same treatment by 10% PEG6000.

Residual Effects of Sucrose and Hormonal Treatments of the Tuberization Medium on <i>in Vitro</i>Germination of Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>L.) Microtubers

The residual effects of sucrose concentrations (80 or 100 g·L-1) and hormonal treatments (BAP + Kinetin or Coumarin) of tuberization medium on in vitro microtubers germination of three potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) so called Aida, Atlas and Odessa, are described. After 3 weeks of incubation at 28℃ ± 1℃, 70% of Aida microtubers variety, previously formed in the MT2 medium [MS/2 + 80 g·L-1 Sucrose], germinated. The best germination rate for varieties Atlas (100%) and Odessa (66.66%) was obtained on microtubers previously formed in the medium MT2 [MS/2 + 100 g·L-1 Sucrose]. The addition of hormones in the tuberization medium allowed optimizing the microtubers germination of the Aida variety unlike the other varieties. Indeed, for the Aida variety, the combination M5 [Kin 2.5 mg·L-1 + Coum 0.025 mg·L-1 + Sucrose 80 g·L-1] increased the germination rate from 70% up to 93.33%. The best germination rate (90%), noticed with microtubers of Atlas variety, initially formed in M2 medium [Kin 1 mg·L-1 + BAP 1 mg·L-1 + Sucrose 100 g·L-1], was lower than that one (100%) obtained on medium without hormones. For Odessa variety, the maximum germination rate (53.33%) of microtubers, from the medium M4 [Kin 2.5 mg·L-1 + BAP 1 mg·L-1 + Sucrose 100 g·L-1], was also lower than that one (66.66%) observed in the medium without hormones. Aida and Atlas varieties thus offer a better germination rate than Odessa after their cold storage.

Growth of Micropropagated Solanum tuberosum L.Plantlets under Artificial Solar Spectrum and Different Mono-and Polychromatic LED Lights

In agriculture,LED light sources have increasingly replaced the standard luminescent lamps and have acquired an important role in plant micropropagation.We studied the effect of different light sources such as narrow-band LEDs(bright blue,blue,green,yellow,deep red,and red)and wide-band LEDs(cold white,white,warm white,full spectrum,and an artificial solar spectrum sun box constructed by us)on development of potato plantlets in vitro.White luminescent lamps were used as a control.The light intensity of 49μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)was provided in all light treatments.We showed that the long-wave narrow-band light treatments were inapplicable for potato micropropagation,because plantlets were weak with small leaves,inhibited roots,and significantly elongated stems.Blue lights provided growth of shortened plantlets with large leaves,well-growing roots,and abundant green mass.The chlorophyll content was lower under blue and bright blue light and was at the same level in the remained treatments.Significant differences in the stomatal apparatus development were observed depending on the light source.These differences were not always reflected in the plantlet phenotype:e.g.,plantlets under blue and bright blue lights showed no differences in any characteristics except stomatal density and size of stomatal guard cells.We found no significant effect of blue light portion in the white lights and full spectrum on plantlet growth.An artificial solar spectrum sun box was the most suitable for potato micropropagation,because it supported the development of plantlets with good fitness,uniform internodes length,abundant roots and green mass accumulation.

Preliminary Findings on Yield Response of Potatoes （Solanum tuberosum） to Umostart Super Zn （11.46,0 ＋ 2 Zn ＋ Humates）

Field trials to determine the yield response of potatoes to Umostart Super Zn （USZ） fertilizer （11.46.0 ＋ 2 Zn ＋ Humates） were carried out in 2004 using the cultivar Tigoni. During the long rains season, the treatments included USZ at 15 kg ha^-1 at planting; 30 kg ha^-1 split into 15 kg ha^-1 at planting and 15 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; 30 kg ha^-1 at planting; and 45 kg ha^-1 at planting. Treatments during the short rains included USZ at 30 kg ha^-1 split into 15 kg ha^-1 at planting and 15 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; 30 kg ha^-1 at planting; 40 kg ha^-1 at planting; 50 kg ha^-1 at planting; 50 kg ha^-1 split into 25 kg ha^-1 at planting and 25 kg ha^-1 during final earthing-up; and 60 kg ha^-1 at planting. USZ was contrasted with Diammonium phosphate （DAP） fertilizer （18：46：0） at 300 kg ha^-1 and 500 kg ha^-1 applied at planting and a control in which no fertilizer was applied. The DAP 300 kg ha^-1 treatment was however, not included during the long rains season. The highest tuber yields among the USZ treatments were obtained in plots treated with 45 kg ha^-1 （27.11 t ha^-1） during the long rains and 60 kg ha^-1 （55.17 t ha^-1） during the short rains season. Application of USZ resulted in a yield increase of at least 3.90 and 19.06 t ha^-1 during the long and short rains seasons respectively.

cDNA-SCoT Analysis of Differential Expressed Genes in Allium tuberosum Induced by Botrytis cinerea

[Objectives]To investigate the molecular mechanism of gene differential expression in A.tuberosum under Botrytis cinerea stress.[Methods]The leaf of A.tuberosum was inoculated with B.cinerea to induce resistance,then leaf samples were taken at 2,4,8,12 and 24 h,respectively,after inoculation,and used for cDNA-SCoT analysis to detect the gene differential expressions.[Results]More than 800 bands with length of 100-1800 bp were obtained using 60 SCoT primers.A total of 40 differentially expressed EST sequences were screened out,and 18 non-redundant ESTs with high quality were obtained by cluster analyses of the ESTs sequencing.The results of BlastN showed that the differential genes of A.tuberosum mainly related to disease defense,signal transduction,and protein metabolism.[Conclusions]Further analysis of gene function indicated that brassinosteroid biosynthesis-like proteins,NBS-LRR type disease resistance protein,jasmonic acid induced protein,abscisic stress ripening protein may be involved in the process of the incompatible interaction between the A.tuberosum and B.cinerea.

Influence of the Size of Potato Microtubers (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>L.) on the Yield of Plants under Semi-Axenic Conditions

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a vegetable that ranks fifth in the world for human consumption. Its importance is growing more and more in the Senegalese diet. However, the potato production in Senegal does not meet the needs of the market, which maintains dependence on the outside for the supply of quality seeds. In addition, these imported seeds do not often have phytosanitary qualities required for local production in the Sahelian zone. The in vitro production of microtubers, used as seed, has been shown to be one of the most efficient means for propagation of basic material. To overcome the constraints linked to the supply and availability of potato seeds, with high germination capacity, the impact of the microtuber size on the yield of the plants under semi-controlled conditions was examined. The pre-germinated microtubers were produced in vitro from vitroplants of 3 different varieties (Aida, Atlas, Odessa) adapted to the edaphic-climatic conditions of Senegal. The effects of the seed sizes of microtubers, greater than 4 mm, sown under semi-controlled conditions, on the yield of the plants, result in an increase in the ratio, in the vegetative development of the plants, but also in the number and size of the minitubers harvested. The yield of the plants also depends on the variety. It can therefore be envisaged to produce local potato seeds from microtubers and minitubers.

The Improvement and Utilization of Neo-Tuberosum Clones

Neo-tuberosum derived from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena is a very important genetic resource in potato breeding. In 1970′s, Neo-tuberosum clones were introduced into China and improving programs were started at that time. The improved clones of it were obtained through recurrent selection in different latitudes of China. According to obvious heterosis appeared in crossing with common potato varieties, Neo-tuberosum would be good parents for breeding and true potato seed (TPS) production. Dihaploid of Neo-tuberosum were obtained by parthenogenesis, and its male fertility was recovered by crossing with S. phureja as male parents. Using acceptable improved Neo-tuberosum clones as a parent, the tuber yield of TPS population was increased greatly.

马铃薯野生种（Stolonilferum）与栽培种（Tuberosum）的杂种回交后代对PVY的反应

马铃薯野生种（Ｓｔｏｌｏｎｉｌｆｅｒｕｍ）与栽培种（Ｔｕｂｅｒｏｓｕｍ）的杂种回交后代对ＰＶＹ的反应王仁贵，洪霞（黑龙江省农科院马铃薯研究所１６１６０６）１引言马铃薯Ｙ病毒是引起马铃薯退化的主要病毒之一，可使马铃薯减产２４％～５０％。美国、加拿大等许...

Genetic Diversity and Yield Stability of Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)

The present study was under taken to investigate the genetic distance and the performance of thirty one potato genotypes in diverse environments.Multivariate and canonical analysis were used to study genetic diversity among the genotypes and stability parameters were estimated according to Eberhart and Russell,Parkinge and Jinks and Freeman and Perkins models for plant height,branch number per plant,tuber number and tuber weight.Thirty one genotypes were grouped in to six clusters with the help of Mahalonobis distance and canonical analysis.The stability analysis revealed that yield was greatly influenced by the environments.Most of the studied genotypes were sensitive for yield with the environment.For over-all performance 'Hera','Chamak','Patnai','Lala pakri','TPS-7','TPS-364','Somerset' and 'Superior' were the best genotypes for tuber yield and breeding material for potato breeding.

‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组特征及密码子使用偏好性分析

【目的】分析‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯Solanum tuberosum var.cormosus‘Huaiyushan’叶绿体基因组特征及密码子使用偏好性,为开展‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组密码子优化、叶绿体基因组改造,探索物种进化和增加外源基因表达等研究提供参考依据和理论基础。【方法】采用高通量测序技术对‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组进行测序,并利用生物信息学分析软件对组装和注释后的叶绿体基因组进行结构、基因组成及密码子偏好性分析。【结果】‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组大小为155296 bp,为经典的4段式结构。大单拷贝区(LSC)、小单拷贝区(SSC)和反向重复区(IR)长度分别为85737、18373、25593 bp,总鸟嘌呤和胞嘧啶所占的比例(GC比例)为37.88%,共注释出133个基因,包含87个编码区(CDS)基因、37个tRNA基因、8个rRNA基因和1个假基因。‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组中共检测到38个简单重复序列位点(SSR位点,36个单碱基重复和2个双碱基重复)和32个长重复序列(16个正向重复和16个回文重复)。‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组核苷酸多样性为0-0.13927,高变区主要分布在大单拷贝区和小单拷贝区,大单拷贝区trnL-UAA-trnF-GAA、cemA、rps12-exon1-clpP1、clpP1基因变异率最高,小单拷贝区rpl32-trnL-UAG、ycf1基因变异率最高。‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组87个CDS基因的平均有效密码子数(ENC)为47.29,ENC>45的基因有60个,密码子偏性较弱。‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组密码子偏好以A、U结尾,使用偏性很大程度上受自然选择的影响,而受突变压力的影响小。CGU、AAA、CUU、GUU、GGA、GUA、GGU、UCA、GCU、CCU为‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯叶绿体基因组的10个最优密码子。【结论】‘怀玉山’高山马铃薯与马铃薯栽培种S.tuberosum‘Desiree’亲缘关系较近。

马铃薯种质资源抗黑痣病鉴定及SSR聚类分析

马铃薯黑痣病已成为影响马铃薯产量和商品价值的重要土传病害。为丰富马铃薯抗黑痣病种质资源,提高抗黑痣病育种工作效率,研究通过54份马铃薯种质资源地下茎与匍匐茎黑痣病抗性评价,共筛选出7份中抗资源,分别为克17-33-270、龙18-124-8、龙18-7-100、ND11-7-22、克18-134-5、克17-115-1、克17-6-9。研究利用8对SSR适宜引物对7份抗性材料DNA进行PCR扩增,获得SSR多态性条带42条,多态性比率89.36%,遗传相似性系数在0.444 4~0.833 3之间,以相似性系数0.62为基准,可将7份抗性材料分为3类,其中克18-134-5和克17-115-1为一类;龙18-124-8和龙18-7-100为一类;克17-33-270、ND11-7-22和克17-6-9为一类。