Combining prognostic value of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and tumor size reduction ratio in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a common cancer with increasing morbidity and mortality due to changes of social environment.AIM To evaluate the significance of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and tumor size changes pre-and post-neoadjuvant therapy(NAT).METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment,Chongqing University Cancer Hospital.This study specifically assessed CA19-9 levels and tumor size before and after NAT.RESULTS A total of 156 patients who completed NAT and subsequently underwent tumor resection were included in this study.The average age was 65.4±10.6 years and 72(46.2%)patients were female.Before survival analysis,we defined the post-NAT serum CA19-9 level/pre-NAT serum CA19-9 level as the CA19-9 ratio(CR).The patients were divided into three groups:CR<0.5,CR>0.5 and<1 and CR>1.With regard to tumor size measured by both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,we defined the post-NAT tumor size/pre-NAT tumor size as the tumor size ratio(TR).The patients were then divided into three groups:TR<0.5,TR>0.5 and<1 and TR>1.Based on these groups divided according to CR and TR,we performed both overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)analyses.Log-rank tests showed that both OS and DFS were significantly different among the groups according to CR and TR(P<0.05).CR and TR after NAT were associated with increased odds of achieving a complete or near-complete pathologic response.Moreover,CR(hazard ratio:1.721,95%CI:1.373-3.762;P=0.006),and TR(hazard ratio:1.435,95%CI:1.275-4.363;P=0.014)were identified as independent factors associated with OS.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that post-NAT serum CA19-9 level/pre-NAT serum CA19-9 level and post-NAT tumor size/pre-NAT tumor size were independent factors associated with OS in patients with PDAC who received NAT and subsequent surgical resection.

Colorectal cancer vaccines: Tumor-associated antigens vs neoantigens

Therapeutic options for the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC) are diverse but still not always satisfying. Recent success of immune checkpoint inhibition treatment for the subgroup of CRC patients suffering from hypermutated tumors suggests a permanent role of immune therapy in the clinical management of CRC. Substantial improvement in treatment outcome could be achieved by development of efficient patient-individual CRC vaccination strategies. This mini-review summarizes the current knowledge on the two general classes of targets: tumor-associated antigens(TAAs) and tumorspecific antigens. TAAs like carcinoembryonic antigen and melanoma associated antigen are present in and shared by a subgroup of patients and a variety of clinical studies examined the efficacy of different TAA-derived peptide vaccines. Combinations of several TAAs as the next step and the development of personalized TAA-based peptide vaccines are discussed. Improvements of peptidebased vaccines achievable by adjuvants and immunestimulatory chemotherapeutics are highlighted. Finally, we sum up clinical studies using tumor-specific antigens-in CRC almost exclusively neoantigens-which revealed promising results; particularly no severe adverse events were reported so far. Critical progress for clinical outcomes can be expected by individualizing neoantigen-based peptide vaccines and combining them with immunestimulatory chemotherapeutics and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In light of these data and latest developments, truly personalized neoantigen-based peptide vaccines can be expected to fulfill modern precision medicine's requirements and will manifest as treatment pillar for routine clinical management of CRC.

Autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide. The survival rate after the onset of symptoms is generally less than one year for the late presentation of HCC, and reliable tools for early diagnosis are lacking. Therefore, novel biomarkers for the early detection of HCC are urgently required. Recent studies show that the abnormal release of proteins by tumor cells can elicit humoral immune responses to self-antigens called tumor-associated antigens(TAAs). The corresponding autoantibodies can be detected before the clinical diagnosis of cancer. Therefore, there is growing interest in using serum autoantibodies as cancer biomarkers. In this review, we focus on the advances in research on autoantibodies against TAAs as serum biomarker for detection of HCC, the mechanism of the production of TAAs, and the association of autoantibodies with patients' clinical characteristics.

Comparisons of voided urine cytology, nuclear matrix protein-22 and bladder tumor associated antigen tests for bladder cancer of geriatric male patients in Taiwan, China

Aim： To compare the results of bladder tumor associated antigen （BTA TRAK）, nuclear matrix protein 22 （NMP 22） and voided urine cytology （VUC） in detecting bladder cancer. Methods： A total of 135 elderly male and 50 healthy volunteers enrolled in this study were classified into three groups： （i） 93 patients with bladder cancer; （ii） 42 patients with urinary benign conditions; and （iii） 50 healthy volunteers. BTA TRAK and NMP 22 kits were used to detect bladder cancer. Voided urine cytology was used to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the screening tests. Results： The sensitivity and specificity of cytology, BTA TRAK and NMP 22 were 24% and 97%, 51% and 73%, 78% and 73%, respectively. The level of NMP 22 increased with tumor grading. The BTA TRAK kit has the lowest sensitivity among the screening tests. The NMP 22 with the best sensitivity can be an adjunct to cytology for evaluating bladder cancer. Conclusion： The NMP 22 test has a better correlation with the grading of the bladder cancer than BTA TRAK. As cytology units are typically not available in hospitals or in outpatient clinics, NMP 22 might be a promising tool for screening bladder cancer.

HCA520, A NOVEL TUMOR ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN, INVOLVED IN CELL PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS

Objective: Tumor associated antigen encoding gene HCA520 (AF146019) was identified by screening a human hepatocellular carcinoma expressing cDNA library using SEREX technique. In this experiment we studied the effect of HCA520 on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Methods: Gene HCA520 was gained by PCR and transfected into 293 cells. The stable expression cells were obtained by G418 selection. The cell proliferation was measured by [3H]-TdR uptake and apoptosis assay was measured by FACS. Results: Eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3-HCA520 was constructed and its stable transfectants were obtained. Overexpression of HCA520 inhibited the cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis after serum deprivation. Conclusion: HCA520 is a novel tumor associated antigen that can affect cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Serum tumor markers:Can they clinically implicate in type 2 diabetes mellitus?

“Serum tumor markers expression(CA19-9,CA242,and CEA)and its clinical implications in type 2 diabetes mellitus”authored by Meng and Shi presents an observational case-control study investigating the correlation between tumor markers and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The study explores the diagnostic accuracy of tumor markers,particularly cancer antigen 19-9(CA19-9),CA242,and carcinoembryonic antigen,in poorly controlled T2DM patients with hemoglobin A1c levels exceeding 9%,employing receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Though study offers valuable insights into the potential utility of tumor markers in clinical practice,caution is advised regarding routine tumor marker testing due to challenges such as limited availability and cost.Additionally,the study overlooks potential confounding factors like smoking and alcohol consumption.Variations in CA19-9 and CA242 expression underscore the complex interplay between tumor markers and systemic diseases,warranting further investigation into their diagnostic and prognostic implications.While Meng and Shi represent a significant contribution to the field,more extensive research is needed to fully elucidate the role of tumor markers in diabetes management and beyond.

miR-487a通过靶向调控TIA1对胃癌肿瘤相关巨噬细胞M2型极化的抑制作用

目的:探讨微小RNA(miR)-487a对胃癌肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAMs) M2型极化的抑制作用,并阐明其对胃癌AGS细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响。方法:分离和培养原发性胃癌患者胃癌组织TAMs及癌旁组织来源的正常巨噬细胞(NTMs),体外诱导人单核细胞THP-1分化为TAMs,将分化得到的M0、M1和M2型巨噬细胞经条件培养基(CM)刺激培养24 h,分别获取TAMs、M1-TAMs和M2-TAMs。转染TAMs,分为空白组、 inhibitor-NC组、 miR-487a inhibitor组、 miR-487a inhibitor+si-NC组和miR-487ainhibitor+si-TIA1组,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法和Western blotting法验证转染效率。将M2-TAMs与AGS细胞共培养,分为AGS组、AGS+inhibitor-NC组、AGS+miR-487ainhibitor组、AGS+miR-487ainhibitor+si-NC组和AGS+miR-487ainhibitor+si-TIA1组,RT-qPCR法检测胃癌组织TAMs和癌旁组织NTMs及各组TAMs中miR-487a和T淋巴细胞胞浆内抗原-1(TIA1) mRNA表达水平,Western blotting法检测胃癌组织TAMs和癌旁组织NTMs及各组TAMs中TIA1蛋白表达水平,流式细胞术检测各组TAMs中CD206和CD163水平,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测各组TAMs培养上清中白细胞介素10(IL-10)、转化生长因子β(TGF-β)、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF-A)和精氨酸酶1(Arg-1)水平,CCK-8法检测各组AGS细胞增殖活性,细胞划痕实验检测各组AGS细胞迁移率,Transwell实验检测各组AGS细胞侵袭细胞数。结果:RT-qPCR法,与癌旁组织NTMs比较,胃癌组织TAMs中miR-487a表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),TIA1 mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.01);与TAMs比较,M1-TAMs中miR-487a表达水平明显降低(P<0.01),TIA1 mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.01);M2-TAMs中miR-487a表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),TIA1 mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.01);转染后,与空白组和inhibitor-NC组比较,miR-487a inhibitor组细胞中miR-487a表达水平明显降低(P<0.01),提示细胞转染成功。Western blotting法,与癌旁组织NTMs比较,胃癌组织TAMs中TIA1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01);与TAMs比较,M1-TAMs中TIA1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),M2-TAMs中TIA1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01);共转染后,与inhibitor-NC组比较,miR-487a inhibitor组细胞中TIA1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01);与miR-487a inhibitor+si-NC组比较,miR-487a inhibitor+si-TIA1组细胞中TIA1蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01)。流式细胞术,与空白组和inhibitor-NC组比较,miR-487a inhibitor组细胞中CD206和CD163水平明显降低(P<0.01);共转染后,与inhibitor-NC组比较,miR-487a inhibitor组细胞中CD206和CD163水平均明显降低(P<0.01);与miR-487a inhibitor+si-NC组比较,miR-487a inhibitor+si-TIA1组细胞中CD206和CD163水平均明显升高(P<0.01)。ELISA法,与空白组和inhibitor-NC组比较,miR-487a inhibitor组TAMs细胞培养上清中IL-10、TGF-β、VEGF-A和Arg-1水平均明显降低(P<0.01);共转染后,与inhibitor-NC组比较,miR-487a inhibitor组TAMs细胞培养上清中IL-10、TGF-β、VEGF-A和Arg-1水平均明显降低(P<0.01);与miR-487a inhibitor+si-NC组比较,miR-487a inhibitor+si-TIA1组TAMs细胞培养上清中IL-10、TGF-β、VEGF-A和Arg-1水平均明显升高(P<0.01)。CCK-8法,与AGS组比较,AGS+inhibitor-NC组细胞增殖活性明显升高(P<0.01);与AGS+inhibitor-NC组比较,AGS+miR-487a inhibitor组细胞增殖活性明显降低(P<0.01);与AGS+miR-487a inhibitor+si-NC组比较,AGS+miR-487a inhibitor+si-TIA1组细胞增殖活性明显升高(P<0.01)。细胞划痕实验,与AGS组比较,AGS+inhibitor-NC组AGS细胞迁移率明显升高(P<0.05);与AGS+inhibitor-NC组比较,AGS+miR-487a inhibitor组AGS细胞迁移率明显降低(P<0.01);与AGS+miR-487a inhibitor+si-NC组比较,AGS+miR-487a inhibitor+si-TIA1组AGS细胞迁移率明显升高(P<0.05)。Transwell实验,与AGS组比较,AGS+inhibitorNC组AGS细胞侵袭细胞数明显升高(P<0.01);与AGS+inhibitor-NC组比较,AGS+miR-487a inhibitor组AGS细胞侵袭细胞数明显降低(P<0.01);与AGS+miR-487a inhibitor+si-NC组比较,AGS+miR-487a inhibitor+si-TIA1组AGS细胞侵袭细胞数明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:沉默miR-487a表达可通过靶向上调TIA1抑制胃癌肿瘤相关巨噬细胞M2型极化,并抑制胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭。

Preliminary study of the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer with a serum pancreatic cancer－associated antigen

The serum of 40 normal subjects, 61 cases of various malignant diseases except pancreatic cancer,53 cases of various benign diseases and 33 cases of pancreatic cancer was examined with ELISA to determine the serum level of pancreatic cancer-associated ant

血清癌胚抗原相关细胞黏附分子1 脂质运载蛋白-2 恶性肿瘤特异生长因子联合检测鉴别诊断乳腺癌的价值

目的 探讨血清癌胚抗原相关细胞黏附分子1(CEACAM1)、脂质运载蛋白2(LCN-2)、恶性肿瘤特异生长因子(TSGF)联合检测鉴别诊断乳腺癌的价值。方法 本研究为回顾性分析,对我院2021年1月至2023年1月收治的40例良性乳腺肿瘤患者临床资料进行收集,作为对照组;并对同期医院收治的40例乳腺癌患者临床资料进行收集,作为观察组。设计基线资料填写表,详细对2组基线资料、血清检查指标进行填写、比较,重点分析血清CEACAM1、LCN-2、TSGF联合检测鉴别诊断乳腺癌的价值。结果 观察组血清CEACAM1、LCN-2、TSGF水平比对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),组间年龄、体质指数(BMI)、肿瘤直径、绝经及患侧比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);绘制受试者工作曲线(ROC)结果显示,血清CEACAM1、LCN-2、TSGF检测鉴别诊断乳腺癌的曲线下面积(AUC)均>0.70,且以联合检测(并联)价值最佳。结论 血清CEACAM1、LCN-2、TSGF联合检测鉴别诊断乳腺癌有较高的灵敏度、特异度,鉴别诊断价值满意。

负载MAGE-A3抗原的树突状细胞与细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞共培养对子宫内膜癌肿瘤干细胞及恶性进展的影响

目的:探究负载黑色素瘤相关抗原基因A3(MAGE-A3)的树突状细胞(DC)与细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞(CIK)对子宫内膜癌肿瘤干细胞及恶性进展的影响。方法:采集人外周血分离单个核细胞,利用细胞因子分别诱导生成DC和CIK;MAGE-A3孵育DC后与CIK共培养,流式细胞仪检测DC-CIK、MAGE-A3-DC-CIK的表型;流式细胞仪分选子宫内膜癌细胞系Ishikawa的CD133^(+)干细胞,以子宫内膜癌干细胞作为靶细胞,分别以CIK、DC-CIK及MAGE-A3-DC-CIK作为效应细胞,MTT法检测效靶比为10∶1、20∶1、40∶1的细胞杀伤活性,ELISA法检测联合培养细胞上清液中IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12、IL-17水平,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测子宫内膜癌干细胞凋亡;建立子宫内膜癌干细胞移植瘤裸鼠模型,尾静脉注射DC-CIK或MAGE-A3-DC-CIK,观察裸鼠肿瘤生长情况,每隔2 d测量瘤体大小,21 d后取肿瘤组织,电子天平称重,HE染色观察肿瘤组织病理形态学变化,免疫组织化学染色检测肿瘤组织内Ki-67表达。结果:分离获得细胞表面CD80、CD86、HLA-DR表达分别达到88%、86%和90%的DC;MAGE-A3-DC-CIK组细胞表面CD8^(+)CD3^(+)、CD56^(+)CD3^(+)比例均高于DC-CIK组(P<0.01);经磁珠分选后获得CD133^(+)细胞比例高达90.23%的子宫内膜癌干细胞;与CIK组和DC-CIK组比较,MAGE-A3-DC-CIK组在不同效靶比下对子宫内膜癌干细胞的杀伤能力升高,细胞上清中IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12及IL-17的分泌水平升高,培养液上清处理的子宫内膜癌干细胞凋亡率增加,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);同时,与对照组和DC-CIK组比较,MAGE-A3-DC-CIK组移植瘤裸鼠的肿瘤体积小,肿瘤重量轻,肿瘤组织内细胞稀疏,Ki-67阳性细胞率减小,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:负载MAGE-A3的DC与CIK联合培养能促进CIK成熟,提高对子宫内膜癌干细胞的杀伤性,并抑制移植瘤裸鼠的恶性进展。

MAGE-A4在肿瘤诊断与免疫治疗中的作用研究进展

肿瘤免疫治疗已成为继放化疗、靶向治疗后最终攻克癌症的希望之一,而肿瘤相关性抗原是免疫治疗的重要靶点。黑色素瘤相关抗原-A4(MAGE-A4)作为癌睾丸抗原,是MAGE-A亚家族的重要成员,具有很好的组织学特异性,在多种肿瘤组织中呈高表达,在正常组织(除睾丸、胎盘外)中均呈低表达。MAGE-A4参与细胞功能的调节,具有调控细胞周期、诱导细胞分化和生长、参与上皮-间质转化等重要作用,与肿瘤的发生、发展、转移及预后密切相关。目前,以MAGE-A4为靶点的T细胞受体转基因T细胞(TCR-T)免疫治疗,其Ⅰ期临床试验结果显示总体反应率(ORR)为23.7%、病情稳定率为47.4%,Ⅱ期临床试验正在开展,提示以MAGE-A4为靶点的TCR-T免疫治疗具有较高的临床应用价值。本文总结了MAGE-A4的结构和生物学功能及其在多种实体肿瘤中的最新研究进展和临床应用,旨在为MAGE-A4的临床转化及免疫靶向治疗提供理论基础。

Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T-cell therapy for liver cancer

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T-cell(CAR-T) therapy is a newly developed immunotherapy used in the treatment of cancers. Because CAR-T therapy has shown great success in treating CD19-positive hematological malignancies, its application has been explored in the treatment of solid tumors, such as liver cancer. In this review, we discuss the immune characteristics of liver cancer, the obstacles encountered during the application of CAR-T therapy, and preclinical and clinical progress in the use of CAR-T therapy in patients with liver cancer.Data sources: The data on CAR-T therapy related to liver cancers were collected by searching Pub Med and the Web of Science databases prior to December 2017 with the keywords "chimeric antigen receptor","CAR-T", "liver cancer", "hepatocellular carcinoma", and "solid tumor". Additional articles were identified by manual search of references found in the primary articles. The data for clinical trials were collected by searching Clinical Trials.gov.Results: The liver has a tolerogenic nature in the intrahepatic milieu and its tumor microenvironment significantly affects tumor progression. The obstacles that reduce the efficacy of CAR-T therapy in solid tumors include a lack of specific tumor antigens, limited trafficking and penetration of CAR-T cells to tumor sites, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To overcome these obstacles, several strategies have emerged. In addition, several strategies have been developed to manage the side effects of CAR-T, including enhancing the selectivity of CARs and controlling CAR-T activity. To date, no clinical trials of CAR-T therapy against HCC have been completed. However, preclinical studies in vitro and in vivo have shown potent antitumor efficacy. Glypican-3, mucin-1, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, carcinoembryonic antigen, and other targets are currently being studied.Conclusions: The application of CAR-T therapy for liver cancer is just beginning to be explored and more research is needed. However, we are optimistic that CAR-T therapy will offer a new approach for the treatment of liver cancers in the future.

超声造影定量参数对Luminal型乳腺癌诊断价值及其与雄激素受体及Ki-67的相关性研究

目的:探讨超声造影定量参数在Luminal型乳腺癌诊断中的价值,分析Luminal型乳腺癌患者超声造影定量参数与其雄激素受体(AR)及肿瘤增殖细胞相关抗原Ki-67的相关性。方法:选取医院收治的90例Luminal型乳腺癌患者,并根据病理及免疫组化检测结果将其分为LuminalA型组(32例)和LuminalB型组(58例),比较两组患者超声造影表现差异及定量参数,同时比较定量参数与Ki-67及AR表达水平的相关性。结果:两组患者的超声造影增强强度、灌注缺损、增强边界及穿入血流表现比较,差异均有统计学意义(x^(2)=5.204,x^(2)=11.880,x^(2)=6.556,x^(2)=7.249;P<0.05)。LuminalB型组患者与LuminalA型组相比,病灶区域血流灌注的峰值强度(PI)上升,达峰时间(TTP)及平均渡越时间(TOF)下降,差异均有统计学意义(t=8.084,t=8.639,t=7.945;P<0.05)。LuminalA型组患者Ki-67及AR阳性检出率低于LuminalB型组,差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=4.224,x^(2)=4.262;P<0.05)。90例Luminal型乳腺癌患者PI与Ki-67和AR表达水平均呈正相关(r=0.159,r=0.657;P<0.05);TTP、TOF与Ki-67和AR表达水平均呈负相关(r=-0.537,r=-0.407;r=-0.503,r=-0.023;P<0.05)。结论:超声造影定量参数对Luminal型乳腺癌的临床诊断价值较高,并与AR、Ki-67具有一定的相关性,可用于对Luminal型乳腺癌状况变化的诊断评估。

肺癌组织和外周血中p53、PGP9.5、SOX2、GAGE7、GBU4-5和MAGE A1蛋白水平检测及其临床价值探讨

背景与目的:肺癌发病机制具有多样性,但一经确认,往往已错过最佳治疗时机,本文通过探讨肺癌组织和外周血中抑癌基因(p53)、蛋白基因产物(PGP9.5)、转录因子(SOX2)、肿瘤相关基因编码蛋白(GAGE7)、解旋酶(GBU4-5)和黑色素瘤抗原(MAGE A1)蛋白水平的相关性,同时分析其在肺癌诊疗中的应用价值。方法:回顾并分析2018年5月—2020年5月在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院确诊的100例肺癌患者的病历资料,临床TNM分期Ⅰ期25例,Ⅱ期45例,Ⅲa期30例;非小细胞肺癌80例,小细胞肺癌20例;取手术切除的肿瘤组织和癌旁组织,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测上述6种蛋白的水平,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR)法检测其基因表达,采用酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay,ELISA)检测外周血中6种蛋白的抗体阳性情况。结果:肿瘤组织中p53、PGP9.5、SOX2、GAGE7、GBU4-5和MAGE A1蛋白的阳性率和基因表达水平均明显高于癌旁组织(P<0.05);将其与肿瘤的临床病理学特征进行相关分析发现,肿瘤组织和外周血中的p53、PGP9.5、SOX2、GAGE7、GBU4-5和MAGE A1蛋白的阳性率和基因表达水平与肿瘤TNM分期和分化级别有关(P<0.05),而与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、病理学类型无关(P>0.05)。肿瘤组织中6种蛋白的表达水平与外周血清表达具有较好的一致性(P>0.05)。结论:肺癌肿瘤组织和外周血中p53、PGP9.5、SOX2、GAGE7、GBU4-5和MAGE A1蛋白表达阳性与肿瘤TNM分期及分化级别密切相关。

Improved detection Of the MUC1 cancer antigen CA 15-3 by ALYGNSA fluorimmunoassay

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancerrelated deaths in women worldwide;a prime cancer biomarker to aid in the diagnosis, directed treatment, clinical management, and reoccurrence of this cancer is a MUC1 peptide fragment: cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3). Herein, an immuno-fluorescence assay for CA 15-3 was developed;this ALYGNSA system consists of a protein biolinker (Protein G’) adsorbed onto Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The unique interaction of Protein G’ with PMMA, a thermo-plastic polymer has been demonstrated to improve human IgG capture antibody alignment/ orientation and result in greater assay sensitivity. Indeed a previous report (HEALTH 1 325 - 329, 2009) on the shed extracellular domain of HER-2/neu revealed a 10-fold increase in sensitivity of the ALYGSNA assay over a control ELISA assay. Results from this ALYGNSA assay study revealed that a 16-fold increase in detection (≤0.94 U/mL) of CA 15-3 was found in comparison to a commercial control ELISA kit (≤15 U/mL). In conclusion, this enhanced sensitivity of the ALYGNSA assay for CA 15-3, may provide insights into the role/function of this biomarker in normal, as well as, breast cancer and other epithelial cancers.

贝伐珠单抗联合TP化疗方案治疗复发性子宫颈癌的效果及对肿瘤标志物血清SCC-Ag、CEA水平的影响

目的:研究贝伐珠单抗联合紫杉醇与顺铂(TP)化疗方案治疗复发性子宫颈癌的效果及对肿瘤标志物血清鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(SCC-Ag)、癌胚抗原(CEA)水平的影响,为患者的恢复提供临床指导。方法:抽取新余市人民医院2020年2月—2022年2月就诊的复发性子宫颈癌患者共计80例,计算机1∶1随机数列均分为参比组(单独TP化疗,n=40)、分析组(贝伐珠单抗+TP化疗,n=40)。比较两组血清学指标、临床疗效及不良反应。结果:分析组总有效率75.00%,较参比组的52.50%高(P<0.05);治疗前,两组SCC-Ag、CEA水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组上述指标水平均下降,且分析组低于参比组(P<0.05);分析组不良反应发生率17.50%,与参比组的20.00%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:贝伐珠单抗联合TP化疗方案治疗复发性子宫颈癌效果显著,可有效降低患者肿瘤标志物血清SCC-Ag、CEA水平,且不会增加不良反应的发生率,安全可靠。

微小RNA-10b及糖类抗原153在早期乳腺癌中的诊断价值

目的探讨微小RNA(miRNA)-10b及糖类抗原(CA)153在早期乳腺癌中的诊断价值。方法选取2019年3月至2020年3月河南省南乐中兴医院收治的53例乳腺癌早期患者作为患病组,另选同期52名健康体检者为健康组,对比2组血清miRNA-10b及CA153水平,分析并对比二者对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值。结果2组年龄、月经情况、CA125、CA199等水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患病组的miRNA-10b、CA153水平[5.7±1.5、(36±20)U/ml]均高于健康组[3.4±1.4、(13±10)U/ml],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析后miRNA-10b、CA153曲线下面积分别为0.894、0.817,具有较好的诊断价值(t=8.009、7.689,P均<0.05)。结论miRNA-10b和CA153水平与早期乳腺癌发展具有密切的联系,对早期乳腺癌诊断具有较高的特异度和敏感度,可以通过观察miRNA-10b、CA153水平变化对乳腺癌患者进行病情诊断。

仙蓉合剂联合左炔诺孕酮宫内释放系统对子宫腺肌病患者血清免疫-炎症指数全身炎症反应指数 糖类抗原125的影响

目的 探究左炔诺孕酮宫内释放系统(LNG-IUS)联合仙蓉合剂对子宫腺肌病的效果及对免疫-炎症指数(SII)、全身炎症反应指数(SIRI)、糖类抗原125(CA125)的影响。方法 选取2019年3月至2021年11月在陕西省铜川市人民医院诊断及治疗的400例子宫腺肌病患者作为研究对象,根据临床治疗方法的不同分为研究组(200例,LNG-IUS系统治疗)与对照组(200例,LNG-IUS系统联合仙蓉合剂治疗)。比较2组临床总有效率、痛经程度、月经量及病灶体积、子宫体积,比较2组血清SII、SIRI、CA125水平,比较2组病灶体积及子宫体积,分析不良反应发生情况。结果 研究组临床疗效为93.5%(187/200),明显高于对照组的73.5%(147/200)(P<0.05)。治疗后研究组痛经程度改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05),且研究组治疗后痛经评分及月经量评分低于对照组[(1.96±0.98)分和(5.21±1.86)分,(14±5)分和(21±6)分,P<0.05]。治疗后2组血清SII、SIRI、CA125均较治疗前明显降低,且研究组明显低于对照组[(216±21)×10^(9)/L和(426±30)×10^(9)/L,(0.88±0.28)和(1.42±0.36),(42±18)U/ml和(60±12)U/ml,P<0.05]。治疗后2组病灶体积及子宫体积均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组[(41±4)cm^(3)和(50±5)cm^(3),(168±12)cm^(3)和(193±16)cm^(3),P<0.05]。研究组恶心、低雌激素症状发生率低于对照组[4.5%(9/200)和32.0%(64/200),4.5%(9/200)和50.0%(100/200),P<0.05]。结论 子宫腺肌病经仙蓉合剂联合LNG-IUS系统治疗后可降低患者SII、SIRI、CA125水平,缓解痛经程度,减少月经量,缩小病灶面积,促进子宫恢复正常体积,效果明显,且安全可靠。

Diagnostic Value of VEGF,CA 19-9,and CEA in Pancreatic Cancer and Risk Factors of Vascular Invasion

Background:Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract.Due to its insidious onset,most patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer have missed the opportunity for radical surgery,which offers patients the best chance of survival.The 5-year survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer can be improved with early diagnosis,and serum tumor makers are an inexpensive and convenient diagnostic tool that is widely used in the diagnosis of malignancies.Objective:To determine the diagnostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)in patients with pancreatic cancer and the risk factors of vascular invasion.Methods:An experimental group comprising 52 patients with pancreatic cancer admitted to our department from July 2021 to July 2022 and a control group comprising 21 patients with benign pancreatic diseases during the same period were included in our study.Their serum VEGF,CA 19-9,and CEA levels were detected and compared between the two groups,and the correlation between the three markers in the invaded vessel and non-invaded vessel groups was investigated.The diagnostic value of a single tumor marker and in combination for pancreatic cancer was analyzed,and the three tumor marker levels of the experimental group in different pathological characteristics were detected and compared.Results:The experimental group had higher serum VEGF,CA 19-9,and CEA levels than the control group(P<0.05).Through a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis,the combined detection had the highest value for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,in which the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.9158(95%CI:0.8415-0.9900),while the sensitivity and specificity were 76.19%and 98.08%,respectively.Serum VEGF and CA 19-9 levels were higher in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ pancreatic cancer patients and those with tumor metastasis compared with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients and those without metastasis(P<0.05),respectively.Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer,and the results showed that only serum VEGF was a risk factor(P<0.05),OR(95%CI):1.001-1.006.Conclusion:Patients with pancreatic cancer have significantly higher serum VEGF,CA 19-9,and CEA levels,and the combined detection of tumor markers is of high clinical value in its diagnosis.In addition,serum VEGF is an independent risk factor of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer,which can predict vascular invasion to a certain extent.

Identification of novel HLA-A 0201-restricted epitopes from anterior gradient-2 as a tumor-associated antigen against colorectal cancer

Anterior gradient-2 （AGR2） promotes tumor growth, cell migration and cellular transformation and its enhanced expression is almost completely restricted to malignant tissues, thus making AGR2 an interesting target for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies. We investigated whether the AGR2 molecule comprises human leukocyte antigen （HLA）-A 0201-binding epitopes recognized by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes （CTLs）, which could be targeted in dendritic cell （DC）-based cancer immunotherapy against colorectal cancer （CRC）. We reviewed the sequence of AGR2 for peptides that could potentially bind to HLA-A 0201 with the aid of a computer-based program. Five candidate peptides with different binding scores were synthesized and tested. These peptides were then assessed for their immunogenicity to elicit specific immune responses mediated by CTLs in vitro by means of enzyme-linked immunospot assays and CTL assays. AGR2 was highly expressed in several CRC cell lines, including DK01, DLD1, KM 12C, HCT-8 and HT-29. DCs pulsed with AGR2-P2 （aa 11-19; LLVALSYTL） or AGR2-P4 （aa 127-135; RIMFVDPSL） generated potent CTLs that could lyse T2 cells pulsed with AGR2-P2 or AGR2-P4 and HLA-A0201＋ AGR2-positive CRC cell lines in a strong dose-dependent and HLA-A 0201-restricted manner. In conclusion, these novel epitopes derived from AGR2 protein may be attractive candidates for DC-based immunotherapy for CRC.