Efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with thalidomide and S-1 for esophageal carcinoma and its influence on serum tumor markers

BACKGROUND Although the current conventional treatment strategies for esophageal carcinoma(EC)have been proven effective,they are often accompanied by serious adverse events.Therefore,it is still necessary to continue to explore new therapeutic strategies for EC to improve the clinical outcome of patients.AIM To elucidate the clinical efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT)with thalidomide(THAL)and S-1(tegafur,gimeracil,and oteracil potassium capsules)in the treatment of EC as well as its influence on serum tumor markers(STMs).METHODS First,62 patients with EC treated at the Zibo 148 Hospital between November 2019 and November 2022 were selected and grouped according to the received treatment.Among these,30 patients undergoing CCRT with cis-platinum and 5-fluorouracil were assigned to the control group(Con),and 32 patients receiving CCRT with THAL and S-1 were assigned to the research group(Res).Second,inter-group comparisons were carried out with respect to curative efficacy,incidence of drug toxicities,STMs[carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125)and macrophage inflammatory protein-3α(MIP-3α)],angiogenesis-related indicators[vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF);VEGF receptor-1(VEGFR-1);basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF);angiogenin-2(Ang-2)],and quality of life(QoL)[QoL core 30(QLQ-C30)]after one month of treatment.RESULTS The analysis showed no statistical difference in the overall response rate and disease control rate between the two patient cohorts;however,the incidences of grade I–II myelosuppression and gastrointestinal reactions were significantly lower in the Res than in the Con.Besides,the post-treatment CA125,MIP-3α,VEGF,VEGFR-1,bFGF,and Ang-2 Levels in the Res were markedly lower compared with the pre-treatment levels and the corresponding post-treatment levels in the Con.Furthermore,more evident improvements in QLQ-C30 scores from the dimensions of physical,role,emotional,and social functions were determined in the Res.CONCLUSION The above results demonstrate the effectiveness of THAL+S-1 CCRT for EC,which contributes to mild side effects and significant reduction of CA125,MIP-3α,VEGF,VEGFR-1,bFGF,and Ang-2 Levels,thus inhibiting tumors from malignant progression and enhancing patients’QoL.

Serum Tumor Markers Combined with 18F-FDG PET/CT Volumetric Metabolic Parameters in the Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most fatal gynecological malignancy, and identifying reliable prognostic indicators can help guide therapeutic treatment. Various tumor marker-guided treatment regimens can considerably improve patient prognosis with a better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of ovarian cancer recurrence and metastasis. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is a molecular imaging tool that provides anatomical and functional information about the tumor, and its volume-based metabolic parameters allow for quantifiable observation of ovarian cancer recurrence, prognosis, and therapeutic efficacy. The combined utilization of serological and radiologic markers has been found to provide increased clinical benefit. This article reviewed the predictive value of serum tumor markers and 18F-FDG PET/CT volumetric metabolic parameters for the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer.

Value of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging combined with tumor markers in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors

BACKGROUND Compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasound(US),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and serum tumor markers alone or in combination for detecting ovarian tumors.AIM To investigate the diagnostic value of US,MRI combined with tumor markers in ovarian tumors.METHODS The data of 110 patients with ovarian tumors,confirmed by surgery and pathology,were collected in our hospital from February 2018 to May 2023.The dataset included 60 cases of benign tumors and 50 cases of malignant tumors.Prior to surgery,all patients underwent preoperative US and MRI examinations,as well as serum tumor marker tests[carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),human epididymis protein 4(HE4)].The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic performance of these three methods individually and in combination for ovarian tumors.RESULTS This study found statistically significant differences in the ultrasonic imaging characteristics between benign and malignant tumors.These differences include echo characteristics,presence or absence of a capsule,blood flow resistance index,clear tumor shape,and blood flow signal display rate(P<0.05).The apparent diffusion coefficient values of the solid and cystic parts in benign tumors were found to be higher compared to malignant tumors(P<0.05).Additionally,the time-intensity curve image features of benign and malignant tumors showed significant statistical differences(P<0.05).The levels of serum CA125 and HE4 in benign tumors were lower than those in malignant tumors(P<0.05).The combined use of US,MRI,and tumor markers in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors demonstrates higher accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity compared to using each method individually(P<0.05).CONCLUSION US,MRI,and tumor markers each have their own advantages and disadvantages when it comes to diagnosing ovarian tumors.However,by combining these three methods,we can significantly enhance the accuracy of ovarian tumor diagnosis,enabling early detection and identification of the tumor’s nature,and providing valuable guidance for clinical treatment.

Percutaneous microwave ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for serum tumor markers and prognostics of middle-late primary hepatic carcinoma

BACKGROUND Primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC)has an insidious onset and is usually diagnosed in the middle and late stages.Although transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the preferred option for treating middle-and advanced-stage PHC,it has limited efficacy in killing tumor cells and poor long-term efficacy.TACE plus percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy(PMCT)is more effective than interventional therapy alone and can improve survival time.However,there are few reports on the effects of TACE and PMCT on serum marker levels and the prognosis of patients with advanced PHC.AIM To investigate the effect of PMCT+TACE on serum tumor markers and the prognosis of middle-late PHC.METHODS This retrospective study included 150 patients with middle-late PHC admitted to Zhongshan People’s Hospital between March 2018 and February 2021.Patients were divided into a single group(treated with TACE,n=75)and a combined group(treated with TACE+PMCT,n=75).Before and after treatment,the clinical efficacy and serum tumor marker levels[carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)]of both groups were observed.The 1-year survival rates and prognostic factors of the two groups were analyzed.RESULTS The combined group had 21 and 35 cases of complete remission(CR)and partial remission(PR),respectively.The single group had 13 and 25 cases of CR and PR,decreased,with the decrease in the combined group being more significant(P<0.05).The 1-year survival rate of the combined group(80.00%)was higher than that of the single group(60.00%)(P<0.05).The average survival time within 1 year in the combined group was 299.38±61.13 d,longer than that in the single group(214.41±72.97 d,P<0.05).COX analysis revealed that tumor diameter,tumor number,and the treatment method were prognostic factors for patients with middle-late PHC(P<0.05).CONCLUSION TACE+PMCT is effective in treating patients with mid-late PHC.It reduces the levels of tumor markers,prolongs survival,and improves prognosis.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Fecal Occult Blood Test and Tumor Marker Combined Screening for Colorectal Cancer

Objective:To analyze the screening effectiveness of combining the fecal occult blood test with tumor marker detection for colorectal cancer.Methods:A total of thirty patients with colorectal cancer and thirty patients with benign colon hyperplasia who received treatment from January 2020 to January 2023 were selected.These patients were assigned to the observation group and the control group,respectively.All patients in both groups underwent both fecal occult blood tests and tumor marker detection.The levels of tumor markers between the two groups were compared,the tumor marker levels in different stages were assessed within the observation group,and the positive detection rates for single detection and combined detection were compared.Results:The levels of various tumor markers in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,as the Duke stage increased within the observation group,the levels of various tumor markers also increased(P<0.05).The positive detection rate of the combined test was notably higher than that of single detection(P<0.05).Conclusion:Combining the fecal occult blood test with tumor marker detection in colorectal cancer screening can significantly improve the overall detection rate.

The diagnostic value of multiple tumor markers in malignantovarian neoplasms

Objective:To study the diagnostic value of multiple tumor markers in malignant ovarian neoplasm.Methods:Sera obtained from 430 patients with ovarian masses (110 cases were malignant ovarian tumors,320 cases were benign ovarian tumors) before operation,and from 50 healthy women as control.Serologic examination of tumor markers included CA125,TSGF,SA,CEA,AFP,HCG and Fer.Results:The serum levels of CA125,TSGF,SA and Fer in patients with ovarian cancer were higher than those in patients with benign ovarian tumors (P<0.05),also in control group (P<0.05).In the diagnostic value of application for malignant ovarian neoplasm,CA125,TSGF and SA were better than the others.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in diagnosis of ovarian cancer were 86.4%,82.8%and 83.7% respectively for CA125 alone,78.2%,81.3%and 80.5% for TSGF alone,74.5%,81.9%and 80.0% for SA alone,whereas 95.5%,45.6%and 58.4% for multiple tumor markers combined in which 1 or more indices showed positive,93.6%,80.6%and 84.0% for that in which 2 or more indices showed positive,and 87.3%,90.3%and 89.5% for that in which 3 or more indices show positive.Conclusion:multiple tumor markers examination could improve the diagnosis of ovarian cancer,and examination of CA125,TSGF and SA combined is most ideal.

Detection of serum tumor markers in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: Although a variety of tumor markers areavailable for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, their sensitivityand specificity have not yet been ideal. The aims of thisstudy was to detect a panel of serum tumor markers and toevaluate their significance in the diagnosis and prognosis ofpancreatic cancer patients.METHODS: Eight serum tumor markers including AFP,CEA, CA-50, CA72-4, CA-125, CA153, CA19-9 and CA242were detected in 129 patients with pancreatic cancer by usingchemiluminescence immunoassay, immunofluorescence as-say and immunoradiometric assay, respectively. The levelsof these markers were compared in 99 patients with non-pancreatic malignant tumor, 63 patients with other benigndiseases, and 27 patients with pancreatic cancer after pan-createctomy.RESULTS: Among the 8 tumor markers, CA19-9, CA242,CA-50, and CA72-4 were more sensitive in the diagnosis ofpancreatic cancer. Parallel combined testing could increasethe diagnostic sensitivity to 89.2%, and serial combined exa-mination could increase the diagnostic specificity to 92.3%.The serum tumor markers levels were decreased significant-ly after radical tumor resection.CONCLUSIONS: Serum CA19-9, CA242, CA-50, andCA72-4 are the preferred tumor markers to be used in thediagnosis and follow-up of operated cases of pancreaticcancer. Testing of a panel of multiple serum tumor mark-ers may increase the sensitivity and specificity in the diag-nosis of pancreatic cancer.

Combined detection of serum tumor markers for differential diagnosis of solid lesions located at the pancreatic head

BACKGROUND: The differential diagnosis of solid lesions located at the pancreatic head is very important for choosing therapies and setting up surgical tactics. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical significance of combined measurement of multiple serum tumor markers and the application of the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves in the differential diagnosis of solid lesions located at the pancreatic head. METHODS: The serum levels of CA19-9, CA242, CA50 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 112 patients with carcinoma of the pancreatic head and 38 patients with focal chronic pancreatitis in the pancreatic head were measured with ELISA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of the four serum tumor markers were calculated. The ROC curves for the four serum tumor markers were constructed and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. RESULTS: The AUCs of CA19-9, CA242, CA50 and CEA were 0.805, 0.749, 0.738 and 0.705; the PLRs were 1.91, 3.43, 5.09 and 5.46; and the NLRs were 0.41, 0.56, 0.59 and 0.71, respectively. Combined measurements increased the diagnostic specificity, and parallel combined testing increased the diagnostic sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Combined measurement of serum tumor markers CA19-9, CA242, CA50 and CEA is valuable in differential diagnosis of solid lesions located at the pancreatic head, and CA19-9 has the best diagnostic ability. Combined measurements can increase the specificity of diagnosis. Evaluation with the ROC curve is better than the sensitivity or specificity alone and the results are more integrated and objective.

Combination of serum tumor markers dickkopf-1,DCP and AFP for the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective:To evaluate the detection accuracy of the biomarkers dickkopf-1,DCP and AFP as a serum biomarker panel by comparing the sensitivity of the panel with those of the individual biomarkers.Methods:The study was composed of three groups,one with HCC patients,one with non-HCC liver diseases and one with healthy controls.Serum AFP was measured using a chemiluminescence assay and serum dickkopf-1 and DCP were measured with ELISA.The sensitivity and specificity of the biomarkers were analyzed as single parameters and as a serum panel.Results:The HCC group showed higher levels of dickkopf-1,DCP and AFP than the other two groups(P<0.05).Dickkopf-1 showed better sensitivity(73.26%vx.58.13%.P<0.05) and better specificity(44.00%vs.29.00%,P>0.05) than AFP.DCP also had better sensitivity(74.42%vs.58.13%.P<0.05) than AFP,but their specificity was similar(30.00%vs.29.00%.P>0.05).The combination of the biomarkers as a scrum panel produced much better sensitivity(93.02%) and specificity(78.00%) than each of the markers individually(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination of AFP.DCP and dickkopf-1 as a biomarker panel can significantly improve the detection power with much higher sensitivity and specificity for HCC than any of the biomarkers alone.The tests are convenient and inexpensive,and may serve as a valuable addition to current options for the diagnosis of HCC.

Predictive value of tumor markers in patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in different vascular invasion pattern

BACKGROUND： Four tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）, alpha-fetoprotein（AFP）, glypican-3（GPC3）, vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） and des-gammacarboxy prothrombin（DCP）, are closely associated with tumor invasion and patient＇s survival. This study estimated the predictability of preoperative tumor marker levels along with pathological parameters on HCC recurrence after hepatectomy.METHODS： A total of 140 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy between January 2012 and August 2012 were enrolled. The demographics, clinical and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups： patients with macroscopic vascular invasion（Ma VI ＋） and those without Ma VI（Ma VI-）. The predictive value of tumor markers and clinical parameters were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS： In all patients, tumor size（〉8 cm） and Ma VI were closely related to HCC recurrence after hepatectomy. For Ma VI＋ patients, VEGF（〉900 pg/m L） was a significant predictor for recurrence（RR=2.421; 95% CI： 1.272-4.606; P=0.007）. The 1- and 2-year tumor-free survival rates for Ma VI＋ patients with VEGF ≤900 pg/m L versus for those with VEGF 〉900 pg/m L were 51.5% and 17.6% versus 19.0% and 4.8%（P〈0.001）. For Ma VI- patients, DCP 〉445 m Au/m L and tumor size 〉8 cm were two independent risk factors for tumor recurrence（RR=2.307, 95% CI： 1.132-4.703, P=0.021; RR=3.150, 95% CI： 1.392-7.127, P=0.006; respectively）. The 1- and 2-year tumor-free survival rates for the patients with DCP ≤445 m Au/m L and those with DCP 〉445 m Au/m L were 90.4% and 70.7% versus 73.2% and 50.5% respectively（P=0.048）. The 1-and 2-year tumor-free survival rates for the patients with tumor size ≤8 cm and 〉8 cm were 83.2% and 62.1% versus 50.0% and 30.0%, respectively（P=0.003）.CONCLUSIONS： The Ma VI＋ patients with VEGF ≤900 pg/m L had a relatively high tumor-free survival than those with VEGF 〉900 pg/m L. In the Ma VI- patients, DCP 〉445 m Au/m L and tumor size 〉8 cm were predictive factors for postoperative recurrence.

Study on combined assay for serum tumor markers in patients,with hepatic carcinoma

INTRODUCTIONSince the hepatic solid-occupying lesion (HSOL) wasfound by both ultrasonoscopy (US) and computed tomography(CT).If the customary alpha-fetoprotin (AFP) standard fordiagnosis primary hepatic carcinoma is used,those cancerswith lower AFP concentration may miss the diagnosis.Onthe other hand,the use of the standard:AFP-positive(≥20μg/L)+HSOL=primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHCC),may yield false positive results.In order to ele-vate both the preoperative and differential diagnosis levels forhepatic carcinoma,we assayed combindedly the preoperativelevels of serum AFP,carbohydrate antibody (CA) 19-9 andcarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the patients with HSOL.

Assessment of tumor markers CA 19-9,CEA,CA 125,and CA 242 for the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of gallbladder cancer

BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is one of the leading and aggressive cancers in this region of India.It is very difficult to diagnose in the early stage,as it lacks typical early signs and symptoms;thus,the diagnosis is often in the advanced stage,which ultimately leads to a poor 5-year survival outcome.Tumor markers including carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),CA 125,CA 242,and alpha fetoprotein are used as indicators in the diagnosis and prognosis of GBC.AIM To compare tumor marker levels between GBC and benign GB diseases(GBDs)and to assess the combined use of tumor markers to increase the diagnostic accuracy for GBC.METHODS Patients of either sex aged≥18 years,with suspected GBC(GB polyp,irregular thick GB wall,GB mass,porcelain GB)on the basis of radiological imaging were included in this study.GB wall thickness using ultrasonography and tumor markers CEA,CA 125,CA 19-9,and CA 242 in all patients were recorded.All cases after surgical intervention were divided into two groups,GBC and benign GBD,according to histopathological examination findings.The cases were followed up and clinical findings,radiological findings,and levels of tumor markers were assessed.RESULTS A total of 200 patients were included in this study,of whom 80 patients had GBC and 120 patients had benign GBD.The median(interquartile range)age was 52.0(41.0-60.0)years and the majority of patients(132,66.0%)were women.Tumor markers including CA 19-9,CA 125,CEA,and CA 242 were significantly elevated in patients with GBC(P<0.001).There was a significant reduction in tumor markers at 3 and 6 mo from baseline(P<0.001).The mean survival of patients with normal and elevated levels of tumor markers CA 125,CA 19-9,and CEA was comparable;however lymph node metastasis and CA 242 expression level were independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSION Serum levels of tumor markers including CA 19-9,CA 125,CEA,and CA 242 were significantly associated with GBC.However,no significant association was observed between the presence of elevated levels of any tumor marker with respect to survival.Tumor marker assessment during follow-up may represent a treatment response.

Real impact of tumor marker AFP and PIVKA-II in detecting very small hepatocellular carcinoma(≤2 cm,Barcelona stage 0)-assessment with large number of cases

BACKGROUND In hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),detection and treatment prior to growth beyond 2 cm are relevant as a larger tumor size is more frequently associated with microvascular invasion and/or satellites.AIM To examine the impact of the tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)or PIVKA-II in detecting very small HCC nodules(≤2 cm in maximum diameter,Barcelona stage 0)in the large number of very small HCC.The difference in the behavior of these tumor markers in HCC development was also examined.METHODS A total of 933 patients with single-nodule HCC were examined.They were subdivided into 394 patients with HCC nodules≤2 cm in maximum diameter and 539 patients whose nodules were>2 cm.The rates of patients whose AFP and PIVKA-II showed normal values were examined.RESULTS The positive ratio of the marker PIVKA-II was significantly different(P<0.0001)between patients with nodules≤2 cm in diameter and those with nodules>2 cm,but there was no significant difference in AFP(P=0.4254).In the patients whose tumor was≤2 cm,50.5%showed normal levels in AFP and 68.8%showed normal levels in PIVKA-II.In 36.4%of those patients,both AFP and PIVKA-II showed normal levels.The PIVKA-II-positive ratio was markedly increased with an increase in the tumor size.In contrast,the positivity in AFP was increased gradually and slowly.CONCLUSION In the surveillance of very small HCC nodules(≤2 cm in diameter,Barcelona clinical stage 0)the tumor markers AFP and PIVKA-II are not so useful.

The Expression of Estrogen Receptor Subtypes in Prolactinomas and Their Relationship to Tumor Biological Behavior

Dopamine agonists （DA） are a first-line therapy for prolactinomas （PA）. However, nearly 10% of prolactinomas do not respond to DA therapy. A considerable number of studies have shown that estrogen plays an important role in the development of prolactinomas. However, the expression of estrogen receptors （ER） in prolactinomas has not been fully explored. Accordingly, we examined the levels of ESR1 and its subtypes A5-DeI-ESR1 and ESR2 mRNA in prolactinomas. In the present study,

Effect of radiotherapy on tumor markers and serum immune-associated cells in patients with esophageal cancer

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of radiotherapy on serum immune-associated cells and tumor markers in patients with esophageal cancer.Methods A total of 87 patients with esophageal cancer admitted to our hospital between October 2016 and July 2020 were selected as the observation group,and all patients received radiotherapy.A total of 87 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination at our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group in order to compare the changes in serum immune-associated cells and tumor markers between the two groups.Results The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen(CA)125,CA72-4,C-terminus of cytokeratin(CYFRA)21-1,and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)antigen in the observation group before radiotherapy were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were significant(P<0.05).The levels of CEA,CA125,CA72-4,CYFRA21-1,and SCC antigen in the research group after radiotherapy were significantly lower than those before radiotherapy,but were still significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+,and natural killer cells in the research group before and after radiotherapy were significantly lower,while the levels of Treg and CD8+cells were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+cells in the observation group after radiotherapy were lower,while the levels of CD8+cells were significantly higher than those before radiotherapy(P<0.05).Conclusion Radiotherapy can effectively reduce the level of serum tumor markers in patients with esophageal cancer;these antigens and cells can be used as tumor markers of esophageal cancer in order to determine its prognosis.However,radiotherapy has adverse effects on the immune function of the body.The reasons behind this need to be further studied and analyzed.

BIOLOGICAL MARKER OF MIDDLE JURASSIC OIL SHALE SEQUENCE FROM SHUANGHUI AREA,NORTHERN TIBETAN PLATEAU

The oil shale with marine origin was first reported in 1987 from Shuanghui of the Qiangtang region. Its depositional sequence consists of brown\|black oil shale interbedded massive to thin limestone. Eleven oil shale beds occur and aggregated thickness is up to 47 38m. It deposit age is confined in middle Jurassic by fossils identification. Nine samples selected from horizons with high\|organic contents have been examined by organic geochemistry approach. The oil\|shale range widely in organic carbon content (Toc), average in 8 34%, maximum values reaching 26.12%. Toc are markedly varied in vertical section. The Upper and lower members are slightly low and increase in the middle. The oil\|shale sediments are characterized by high concentration in chloroform bitumen“A”(608～18707)×10 -6 )and total hydrocarbon ((311～5272)×10 -6 ).The Rock\|Eval T \|max data (434～440℃) and vitrinite reflectance values (0.88%～1.26%) indicate that oil\|shale sequence are mature in all samples. The organic matter is predominantly made up of typeⅡ kerogen.

Monitoring of Biological Responses of Tumor Cells after Irradiation with ^(99m)Tc-MIBI——An In Vitro Study

To explore the possibility to employ 99m Tc MIBI to monitor biological response of tumor cells after irradiation and to observe the relation between the radiation doses and the uptake levels of 99m Tc MIBI in tumor cells, the cells were irradiated with a single dose of 2 Gy, 10 Gy and 20 Gy respectively. The uptake of 99m Tc MIBI in each dosage group was determined before and 24, 48, 72 h after irradiation respectively. Apoptosis index , plating efficiency of tumor cells was simultaneously determined. There was a positive correlation between uptake levels of 99m Tc MIBI and AI. A negative correlation was noted between the uptake levels and PE . It is suggested that 99m Tc MIBI may be used as a tracer to monitor the change of viability state of tumor cells after being irradiated with different doses.

Electrochemical Enzyme Immunoassay of Tumor Marker CA15-3 with Capillary Electrophoresis

Tumor marker CA15-3 was determined by using capillary electrophoretic enzyme immunoassay with electrochemical detection (CE-EIA-ED). The method can be used to detect CA15-3 with a limit of 0.024 U/mL.

CLINICAL USE OF COMBINED DETECTION WITH TUMOR MARKERS FOR PANCREATIC CANCER

Objective To explore the value of clinical use of combined detection with tumor markers for pan- creatic cancer. Methods Tumor markers CA242,CAl9-9 and CA50 in serum of 32 patinets with pancreatic cancer; 26 patients with non-pancreatic digestive tract cancers and 24 patietns with benign pancreatic or biliary tract diseases were measured by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Results The levels of three markers in serum and positive rates or patients with pancreatic cancer were higher than those of other patients. The effect of measurement combining CA242 with CA19-9 was the best. The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of diagnosis for pancreatic cancer were 92.6%, 73.8% and 81.2% respectively. The levels of CA242 and CA19-9 were positively relative to burden of pancre- atic cancer, and serum levels of these two markers of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were lower than those with unresectable, but on difference was observed for CA50. Conclusion Combined detection of serum CA242 and CA19-9 could prove the effectual indicator for finding the patients with pancreatic cancer in high risk population or for resectable pancreatic cancer. Pre-operative measurement of serum levels of CA242 and CAl9-9 is helpful to evalu- ate the burden of the tumors and possiblity of resect for pancreatic cancers.

Clinical Utility of Tumor Markers

Tumor markers comprise a wide spectrum of biomacromolecules excessively synthesized by a variety of neoplastic cells. These markers can be endogenous products of highly active metabolites from malignant neoplastic cells or the products of newly activated genes. Ideally, tumor markers should be highly sensitive, specific, and reliable with a high prognostic value and organ specificity. In addition, they should reflect the tumor stage. However, no tumor markers identified thus far have all of these characteristics. Nevertheless, most tumor markers show excellent clinical relevance for monitoring the efficacy of a variety of therapies. We herein review how to use the recommended tumor markers to diagnose malignancies, such as gastrointestinal carcinoma, liver cancer, bile duct/pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, gynecologic cancer, and urologic cancer.