Massive particles＇ tunnelling radiation from the black hole with a mass-quadruple moment

In this paper, we extend Zhang and Zhao＇s recent work to the black hole with a mass-quadruple moment. The behaviour of the tunnelling massive particles is investigated, and the emission rate at which massive particles tunnel across the event horizon of the black hole is calculated. The result is consistent with an underlying unitary theory, and takes the same functional form as that of a massless particle.

Quantum Gravitational Effects on Tunneling Rate of Reissner-Nordstroum Black Hole Emission and Generalized Second Law

The semi-classical black hole tunneling radiation (Parikh-Wilczek tunneling proposal) is calculated undera minimal length uncertainty analysis.It is shown that,the generalized second law of thermodynamics may bound thetunneling probability radiation of a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole radiation.

The Hawking radiation of the charged particle via tunnelling from the axisymmetric Sen black hole

Extending Parikh＇s semi-classical quantum tunnelling model, this paper has studied the Hawking radiation of the charged particle via tunnelling from the horizon of the axisymmetric Sen black hole. Different from the uncharged massless particle, the geodesics of the charged massive particle tunnelling from the horizon is not light-like. The derived result supports Parikh＇s opinion and provides a correct modification to Hawking strictly thermal spectrum developed by the fixed background space-time and not considering the energy conservation and the self-gravitation interaction.

Hawking radiation as tunnelling from arbitrarily dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter black hole

This paper extends Parikh-Wilzcek＇s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as a semi-classical tunnelling process from the event horizon of four dimensional Schwarzshild and Reissner-Nordstrom black holes, to that of arbitrarily dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter black hole. The result shows that the tunnelling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the factually radiant spectrum is no longer precisely thermal after taking the dynamical black hole background and energy conservation into account, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory and then satisfies the first law of the black hole thermodynamics. Meanwhile, in Parikh-Wilzcek＇s framework, this paper points out that the information conservation is only suitable for the reversible process but in highly unstable evaporating black hole （irreversible process） the information loss is possible.

Concrete quantum tunneling spectrum of Schwarzschild black holes

In this paper,a canonical ensemble model for black hole quantum tunneling radiation is introduced.We find that the probability distribution function is the same as the emission rate of a spherical shell in the Parikh-Wilczek tunneling framework.With this model,the probability distribution function corresponding to the emission shell system is calculated.Therefore,the concrete quantum tunneling spectrum of the Schwarzschild black hole is obtained.

Fermion tunneling from squashed black holes in the Gdel universe and charged Kaluza Klein space time

This paper is devoted to the investigation the fermion tunneling radiation of squashed black holes in the G6del universe and charged Kaluza-Klein space-time. For black holes with different dimensions, establishing a set of appropriate matrices γμ for the general covariant Dirac equation plays an important role in the semi-classical tunneling method. By constructing two sets of γμ matrices, we have successfully derived the tunneling probability and Hawking temperature of the black holes.

Discussion on event horizon and quantum ergosphere of dynamic rotating black holes in a tunneling framework

According to the Parikh-Wilczek tunneling framework, the locations of the local horizons of dynamic rotating black holes can be worked out. The calculations show that the quantum ergosphere of the black hole is identical with the tunneling potential barrier set by particle＇s tunneling across the relevant horizon. Then, some discussions on the origin of the Hawking radiation will be shown.

Quantum tunnelling radiation of Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion black hole

By taking the energy conservation and angular momentum conservation into account, the characteristics of the quantum-tunnelling radiation of Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion black hole are studied and the result shows that the tunnelling rate of such a black hole is relevant to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and that the obtained radiation spectrum is not pure thermal.

The quantum tunnelling radiation of Schwarzschild de Sitter black hole with a global monopole

Applying Parikh＇s quantum tunnelling method, this paper has studied the quantum tunnelling radiation of Schwarzschild de Sitter black hole with a global monopole. The result shows that the tunnelling rates at the event horizon and the cosmological horizon are related to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the derived radiation spectrum is not precisely thermal when considering energy conservation and self-gravitation interaction.

Discussion on event horizon and quantum ergosphere of dynamic rotating black holes in a tunneling framework

According to the Parikh–Wilczek tunneling framework, the locations of the local horizons of dynamic rotating black holes can be worked out. The calculations show that the quantum ergosphere of the black hole is identical with the tunneling potential barrier set by particle’s tunneling across the relevant horizon. Then, some discussions on the origin of the Hawking radiation will be shown.

隧道超挖超耗管控措施研究

隧道的超挖超耗管控是绿色低碳时代背景下工程界最关心的难题,对施工企业的成本控制和效益提升具有重要意义。以武两高速XFS隧道为背景,系统总结了隧道超挖超耗的10类影响因素和常见对策,包括围岩条件、施工参数、测量放样、爆破方案、钻孔质量、喷射混凝土回弹率、预留变形量、物资设备性能、作业人员水平和现场施工管控。分析了XFS隧道超挖超耗的原因,并制定了加强地质预报和超前支护施作,减小开挖进尺;动态调整爆破方案,严格炮孔质量检查;引入超细改性硅微粉优化配合比,提高喷射工艺水平;加强现场施工管控,制定超挖超耗管控办法,落实作业人员的激励奖惩等措施。措施执行后,XFS隧道平均超挖由30.1 cm降低至16.6 cm,综合超耗由173.7%降低至100.7%。

高原铁路某特长隧道独头掘进通风技术分析

文章面向高原铁路特长隧道,开展通风技术研究,提出一种基于避车洞通风技术、人行通道通风技术的蓄风房通风策略。基于高原铁路特长隧道通风案例,研究了蓄风房技术。文中研究成果供我国高原铁路特长隧道建设单位、运营单位加以参考、借鉴,以保证特长隧道通风性能,满足相关制度、规范对高原铁路特长隧道的环境要求,并实现铁路通风的节能效果。

Influence of delay interval on blasting efficiency of parallel hole cuts with an empty hole

Time interval of short delay ignition is an important factor to affect theefficiency of blasting cuts. The motion process of rock pieces in the cut cavity is analyzed, amechanical model to calculate the delay time of parallel hole cuts is presented for tunnel blasting,and a theoretical method to determine the volume ratio (the clearage rate) of the rock pieceswithin the cut cavity at different moments is proposed for the blasting cut with an empty hole.Numerical analysis results show that the optimal delay interval is proportional to the boreholedepth. The suggested results are of practical value to the optimal design of the delay interval inmillisecond blasting related to the parallel hole cuts with an empty hole.

水工隧洞内径对软岩稳定性影响分析研究

软岩隧洞的衬砌对工程投资影响较大,研究软岩围岩的稳定性与不同隧洞洞径之间的变化趋势非常重要。依托老鹰水库水源保护—望水河泄水工程,在软岩地质特性的分析基础上,通过对不同洞径下围岩变形、围岩应力等的计算分析,初步得出可不衬砌的最小洞径,为类似工程提供借鉴。

Some Issues on Cement Grouting of Hydraulic Tunnel

Based on the practices of construction supervision to cement grouting at the reservoir emptying and power tunnels of the TSQ stage Ⅰ Hydropower station, some issues on quality control of cement grouting of hydraulic tunnel are discussed, and corresponding suggestions are put forward for revision of current standard (SL62-94). It is regarded that the refilling grouting could not be used for remedying the thickness of concrete lining; the end sealing of refilling grouting section should not be neglected; higher grouting pressure would be used. For the consolidation grouting, grout return pipe should be placed at the grout hole top for pure pressure type grouting; five-grade water cement ratio of grout mix is suggested; a certain standard should be specified for changing the grout to thicker mix by skipping the intermediate grade; the standard for ending the grouting should be relaxed. In current grouting standard, some terms should be complemented for contact grouting of steel penstock and spiral case and for plug grouting of circular-anchor hole.

基于柱孔收缩理论的含气土盾构施工引起地表沉降研究

依托杭州地铁塘青线盾构穿越含气地层的实际工程,对柱孔收缩理论进行修正,首次提出基于柱孔收缩理论的含气地层盾构施工引起地表沉降理论计算公式,并结合实际工程参数,分析隧道埋深、开挖半径、基质吸力等因素对含气地层盾构施工引起地表沉降的影响。研究表明:柱孔收缩理论计算结果与实测数据较为吻合,能较好地反映出含气地层盾构掘进引起的地表沉降特征;与饱和土工程不同,双线盾构穿越含气地层时,先行线引起的地表沉降更大;含气土等非饱和土中基质吸力通过改变土体内摩擦角和黏聚力进而影响土体特性,但较之于土体黏聚力,土体内摩擦角的变化对盾构穿越含气地层引起地表沉降的影响更大。

隧道入口段不同颜色路面照明亮度试验对比研究

为了缓解“黑洞效应”对行车安全的不利影响,采用现场测量试验和仿真模拟相结合的方法,研究隧道入口段彩色路面对其照明亮度的影响规律。研究结果表明:不同颜色彩色路面对隧道入口段整体环境的亮度均造成不同程度的提升,其中黄色路面提升效果最明显;隧道入口段高压钠灯提供的环境、路面亮度均比LED灯高;布灯间距对亮度有显著影响,但其增加并未与彩色路面亮度提升成比例关系。研究结果可为高速公路隧道工程的明色化路面设计提供参考。

高应力软岩巷道破坏特征及最佳支护技术研究

针对深部软岩巷道的支护问题,通过相似模拟和数值模拟对比分析了巷道分别在无支护、锚网索+钢棚支护以及置孔释压支护下的巷道变形情况。研究结果表明:无支护措施时的巷道变形在所受应力达到10 MPa时最大,巷道围岩的破坏状态也最为严重,顶板及两帮围岩的裂缝发生了贯穿,围岩局部甚至出现了坍塌现象;而在锚网索+刚棚支护作用下的巷道围岩抵抗高压的能力得到了明显提升,其在受力达到20 MPa才开始在巷道周围出现压缩破坏现象;而置孔释压支护下巷道围岩的承压能力得到了大大增强,其在所受应力达到30 MPa时依然可以保证巷道围岩表面的完整,不至于出现明显的裂缝和破坏。因此,置孔释压支护在改善高应力软岩巷道变形方面效果更优。

盾构隧道管片接缝内外双道密封垫防水性能试验研究

为探究螺栓孔防水对内外双侧布置双道密封垫防水体系的影响,依托某超大直径盾构隧道工程,自主设计新型双道密封垫防水性能测试装置,开展考虑螺栓孔构造的内外双道密封垫防水体系耐水压测试。研究结果表明:1)螺栓孔对内外双侧布置双道密封垫的整体防水性能具有一定的控制作用,当螺栓孔防水能力不足时,其存在将成为内外双道密封垫防水体系的薄弱环节,可能早于内道密封垫发生渗漏,由此降低内外双道密封垫防水性能较单道密封垫的提升水平;2)当螺栓孔防水性能达到要求后,与单道密封垫相比,内外双侧布置双道密封垫防水体系的防水能力大幅提升;3)对于超大直径盾构隧道,当管片接缝采用内外双侧布置双道密封垫时,应确保螺栓孔防水性能满足双道密封垫间的协同防水要求。

隧道爆破炮孔激光投射装置研发与应用

为解决传统钻爆法隧道爆破炮孔人工粗略定位或采用全站仪定位少数炮孔点导致炮孔放样效果差的问题,基于激光投射技术,研发主控芯片控制激光单元、分光器和光栅协同,实现炮孔激光快速投射,并通过现场试验验证。工程试验结果表明:本装置可将复杂图形一次性以点+线结合的方式投射至掌子面;掌子面凹凸变化在20cm以内,各炮孔定位偏差在3cm以内,可满足现场作业要求;相对于常规全站仪放样而言,在施工便捷性方面有相当大优势,可规范现场炮孔放样作业。