Application Strategies of Automatic Addressable Single-Lamp Control Technology in Tunnel Lighting

The article mainly studies the application strategy of automatic addressable single-lamp control technology in tunnel lighting.It encompasses an introduction to this technology,an analysis of the tunnel lighting system using automatic addressable single-lamp control technology,and outlines the main development direction for this technology in modern tunnel lighting.The aim is to offer insights that can inform the rational deployment of this technology,thereby enhancing the lighting control effectiveness in modern tunnels and meeting their specific lighting requirements more effectively.

Application Strategy of PLC Technology in Energy-Saving Control of Tunnel Lighting

In this study,we investigated on the application of planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology in energy-saving control of tunnel lighting.The application status of PLC in the field of energy saving followed by the necessity of energy saving in tunnel lighting was analyzed.Finally,the application of PLC in tunnel lighting energy-saving control around the three dimensions of system overall architecture design,control scheme,and program control process was investigated.The results showed that the system meets the requirements of control effect,robustness,and visual effect after trial operation,and is suitable for practical applications.

Study of road tunnel threshold zone lighting reduction coefficient

The luminance in the road tunnel threshold zone attracts broad attention due to its enormous energy consumption and direct influence on tunnel transportation security.Current lighting design methods in threshold zones mostly adopt the reduction coefficient method.However,the determination of reduction coefficient k simply considers tunnel design speed and flow rate,while excluding outside tunnel luminance and threshold zone color temperature and luminance,which have a major impact on driver visual adaptation.Existing problems in the determination of k value are analyzed;a visual performance experiment is utilized;and the reaction time of drivers in changeable outside tunnel luminance and threshold zone color temperature and luminance conditions is obtained;thus,the equations concerning reduction coefficient variation law are derived.In the end,a comparative analysis is made of the k values of the reduction coefficient stipulated by various norms under different color temperature conditions.

Parameters Optimization and Energy-Saving of Highway Tunnel Backlighting with LED

In order to acquire the most energy-saving luminairedistribution-parameters(LDPs)of highway tunnel interior zone backlighting,the parameters optimization model(POM)of backlighting for tunnel interior zone was established.Yanlieshan tunnel of Jiujing highway was taken as an example for the optimization.The optimal LDPs of the backlighting system of the tunnel interior zone were obtained by the POM,a comparison between the optimization results and those of Yanlieshan tunnel’s actual lighting system was performed,which showed that the optimized backlighting system with LED lamps installed according to the optimized LDPs could save energy remarkablely even under full capacity lighting condition.Illuminance and illuminance uniformity of the tunnel road surface still met the lighting demands even the LED lamp’s luminance decreased by 30%.A backlighting simulation experiment with the optimized backlighting LDPs for Yanlieshan tunnel was accomplished in the software Dialux.The simulation results basically agreed with the optimization calculated results from the POM which proved the correctness of the backlighting POM.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Marker for Amyloidosis

Introduction: Amyloidosis are systemic conditions and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) precedes the principal systemic complications and can be used as an early marker. Our objective was to determine the frequency of amyloid deposition in idiopathic CTS and its systemic impact. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with CTS between September 2019 to January 2020. Samples from the anterior carpal ligament were pathologically evaluated and amyloid deposition was confirmed by apple-green birefringence on polarized light using Congo red stain. When amyloid was detected we performed genetic testing for transthyretin variants (ATTRv), immunofixation electrophoresis in serum and urine for light chains and multidisciplinary evaluation. Results: Thirty consecutive patients were included, 19 women, 11 men, mean age 70 years old (range 42 - 89 years). We identified 3 patients (10%) with amyloid deposits (mean age: 78.6 years, 2 men, 1 woman). Genetic testing for ATTRv and light chains studies were negative. During follow-up: The first patient required aortic valve replacement. The second patient developed progressive cardiac failure with syncopal episodes, atrioventricular block and atrial fibrillation and required a pacemaker and anticoagulation. The third patient had unexplained chronic edemas. The cardiac evaluation in all 3 patients revealed left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial uptake (Perugini Score > 2) in their nuclear bone scintigraphies with technetium pyrophosphate. Two patients were treated with tafamidis and one patient died due to refractory cardiac insufficiency. Discussion: Our findings underline the importance of investigating amyloidosis in idiopathic CTS. The identification of deposits allows early diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis leading to timely intervention and treatment.

Standards for Tunnel and Road LED Lighting Application Technologies

The paper summarizes the research on the development of standards for tunnels and roads LED lighiing application in Shanghai. analyzes the existing problems on LED road lamps and lighting design, introduces the experiments and testing results, and summarizes current problems of LED street lighting, proposing that LED lighting energy conservation should he ＂systematic energy saving＂ throughout the full life cycle based on the integration of products and applications.

CSA 016-2013, Interface requirements for application of LED lighting: Street/tunnel light consisting of LED module with heatsink and separated control gear

With the advantages of long lifetime, high lighting effect and non-pollution, LED lighting has taken a leading role in the lighting sector. LED street and tunnel lights have no unified product interface, so the products of different enterprises cannot interchange with each other, restraining the development of the whole industry due to the large-scale production problem. The alliance standard CSA 016-2013 has been approved as a national standard project, paving the way for the orderly development of LED industry. Interpreting the CSA 016 standard, the paper expounds on the technical requirements for interchangeable interface in the optical, mechanical, electrical and thermal aspects.

Image charge effect on the light emission of rutile TiO2(110) induced by a scanning tunneling microscope

The plasmon-enhanced light emission of rutile TiO2（110） surface has been investigated by a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope （STM）. We found that the photon emission arises from the inelastic electron tunneling between the STM tip and the conduction band or defect states of TiO2（110）. In contrast to the Au（111） surface, the maximum photon energy as a function of the bias voltage clearly deviates from the linear scaling behavior, suggesting the non-negligible effect of the STM tip on the band structure of TiO2. By performing differential conductance （dl/dV） measurements, it was revealed that such a deviation is not related to the tip-induced band bending, but is attributed to the image charge effect of the metal tip, which significantly shifts the band edges of the TiO2（110） towards the Femi level （EF） during the tunneling process. This work not only sheds new lights onto the understanding of plasmon-enhanced light emission of semiconductor surfaces, but also opens up a new avenue for engineering the plasmon-mediated interfacial charge transfer in molecular and semiconducting materials.

Light-modulated electron retroreflection and Klein tunneling in a graphene-based n-p-n junction

We investigate the electron retroreflection and the Klein tunneling across a graphene-based n-p-n junction irradiated by linearly polarized off-resonant light with the polarization along the x direction.The linearly polarized off-resonant light modifies the band structure of graphene,which leads to the anisotropy of band structure.By adjusting the linearly polarized light and the direction of n-p-n junction simultaneously,the electron retroreflection appears and the anomalous Klein tunneling,the perfect transmission at a nonzero incident angle regardless of the width and height of potential barrier,happens,which arises from the fact that the light-induced anisotropic band structure changes the relation of wavevector and velocity of electron.Our finding provides an alternative and flexible method to modulate electron retroreflection and Klein tunneling.

Light at the End of the Tunnel

Economic outlook-better demand indicates green shoots2019 kicked offwith signs of improving domestic demand We expect recovering infrastructure investment and stabilizing retail sales,helped by higher government spending and tax cuts to support growth in 2019. The biggest headwinds to China’s growth in 2018were a tightening of shadow banking and local government financing and the weakening of housing and car sales are likey to ease.Improving risk sentiment towards Beidjings pro-growth policies and improving prospects for a US-China trade deal have caused China’s stock mariket to rebound more than 20%YTD, supporting the financial sector and GDP growth in 2019.

Properties of Light Emission Spectrumof Double-barrier Tunnel Junction

Fabricated are the double-barrier light emission tunnel junctions successfully. Introduced are the fabrication process and light emission characteristics. The spectra of the junctions are measured and analyzed especially. Their spectrum wavelength including main wave peak(locates at 450 nm^500 nm) of the double-barrier junction shows a "blue shift" in comparison with that of the single-barrier Metal/Insulator/Semiconductor(MIS) or Metal/Insulator/Metal(MIM) junction(wave peak locates at 620 nm^740 nm). This phenomenon should be due to the occurrence of the electron resonant tunneling in the double-barrier junction.

新伊高速毗邻隧道遮阳棚光环境及降碳分析

为减少由光照强度差异引发的交通事故,以新伊高速公路工程为依托,在宋家凹—水沟河毗邻隧道连接段设置钢筋混凝土与钢结构组合形式的遮阳棚,计算限行速度下遮阳棚的长度,运用DIALux仿真软件对不同时间点下的2种工况进行研究,并采用碳排放因子法分析不同工况下的碳排放量。结果表明:该毗邻隧道连接段遮阳棚长度为100 m。设置遮阳棚后,路面照度降低率达到57.97%,照度总均匀度大于0.4,现场实测值与模拟值误差在10%范围内,均满足相关标准的要求。此外,设置遮阳棚后,每年减少碳排放量82.56 t CO_(2)e,运营2.8 a后可弥补建造时产生的碳排放,建设成本将在3.7 a后收回。在使用寿命期内,可减少碳排放量3 795.74 t CO_(2)e,节约成本577.31万元,实现了减排和节约成本的双重效果。

基于驾驶者信息感知机理的隧道光环境等效照明理论构建研究

传统照明技术在提升隧道光环境质量方面还不够合理,需进一步改善人-车-隧道光环境耦合作用下的照明理论和技术。为解决隧道运营中存在的隧道照明负荷与生物感知效果非对等特征这一问题,提出隧道光环境等效照明理论构建思路,通过模拟试验、实车试验和理论计算开展基于照明灯具和侧壁材料合理匹配的等效照明理论论证研究,最后总结提出生物感知效果提升和照明负荷下降的等效照明理论“一升一降”研究框架。结果表明:1)物理量参数(如侧壁材料反射系数与灯具布设)的合理匹配最多可提升入口段和中间段25%和21%的路面照度、9%和15%的总均匀度,节约33%的灯具数量。2)物理量参数(如光谱、色温)的合理选择最多可降低驾驶者7%的反应时间、提升26.2%的小目标可见度。3)物理量参数(如不同侧壁材料类型)的改变可使驾驶者的心率、呼吸频率、注视时间、扫视幅度和瞳孔面积降低,脑电功率上升,变化幅度更平稳。4)进一步研究不同物理量指标对驾驶者信息感知的等效作用机理可有效降低隧道照明负荷、提升生物感知效果。

轻轨结构在隧洞掘进爆破下的响应数值模拟

依托深圳大芬水分洪箱涵暗挖隧洞工程,采用动力有限元软件建立了三维数值模型,研究了轻轨结构在隧洞爆破开挖下的响应特性。结果表明:随着爆心距增加,同一高程的轻轨结构峰值应力、位移和峰值振速逐渐减小;随着高程增加,同一立柱峰值应力逐渐减小,而峰值位移和峰值振速具有高程放大效应;隧洞已开挖区形成的空腔使上部轻轨结构的振速响应存在空腔放大效应和空腔阻尼效应。在此基础上,基于萨道夫斯基公式回归预测和仿真计算对隧洞掘进爆破单响药量进行优化,结果为:轻轨结构位于掌子面前面和后面,两种工况条件下的爆心距均为20.52、28.65 m,则在允许振速条件下的最大单响药量分别为1.8、6.0 kg和2.1、6.3 kg。

井下巷道新型可见光通信光源布局方法

目的针对井下巷道可见光通信信号差异大,导致接收端信号误差增大的问题,方法提出一种井下巷道新型可见光通信光源布局方法,并同现有光源布局方法进行对比,从光照度、接收功率、信噪比三个方面评估两种布局方法的系统性能。引入照度均匀度(IU)、功率标准偏差(STD)和信噪比的变化系数(CV)评估系统的整体性能。结果通过仿真实验,分析不同半功率角对本文布局方法系统性能的影响,从而得出半功率角的最优取值,为50°~70°。当半功率角为70°时,与现有光源布局方法比较,本文布局方法的光照度均匀度由0.758降至0.407,降低了46.3%,且最小光照度与最大光照度之间差异更小,光照度分布更均匀;功率标准偏差由0.97降至0.42,降低了56.7%,且降低了功率波动,接收功率分布更均匀;信噪比变化系数由0.0137下降到0.0072,降低了47.7%,信号分布均匀性更高。结论提出的光源布局方法整体性能优于现有方法的,为井下巷道的光源布局提供了新的解决方案。

基于驾驶模拟的隧道照明对行车安全及舒适度评价影响研究

随着交通运输基础设施建设发展模式由追求速度规模向更加注重质量效益转变,精细化、因地制宜地设定隧道照明环境需求日益增多.隧道照明系统设计应以保证驾驶员行车的安全性与舒适度为前提,因此需要对隧道照明如何影响驾驶员隧道行车的安全性与舒适度进行量化评估.基于隧道照明理论和驾驶员行车基础研究,选取影响驾驶员安全性与舒适度的8项指标,建立驾驶员安全性与舒适度评价体系,并通过隧道驾驶仿真环境与硬件设施实现室内仿真研究:基于UC-win/Road软件建立隧道虚拟仿真模型,通过驾驶模拟器和生理仪器获取8项指标对应的数据,对数据进行处理后通过熵权法确定指标权重,评估不同照明亮度与色温环境下的隧道安全性与舒适度.以驾驶员的行车安全及舒适评价值最优为目的,得出隧道内亮度和色温的最佳设定值.实验结果验证了驾驶员行车安全与舒适度评价体系的有效性,提出了改进的照明方案,为隧道运营方提供参考.

贵州高速公路基于无极调光的隧道照明能耗测算

高速公路隧道照明在不同管控策略下能耗差异较大,当前无极调光模式下动态变化因素较多,导致测算照明能耗比较困难。为量化研究公路隧道运营过程中采用智能无极调光控制系统时的能耗水平,提出了一种基于季节、历史天气和实时洞外亮度的能耗计算模型。首先分析了公路隧道照明设计现状与不同天气工况下的调光控制策略,为公路隧道照明的能耗计算提供理论支撑;其次构建了基于季节、历史天气预测和单日实时洞外亮度变化的能耗计算模型,并以贵州省在建小寨隧道为例测算了能耗情况。结果表明,基于季节、历史天气统计与洞外亮度等因素测算的能耗能更加真实有效反映智能无极调光系统的实际运营状况,为运营管理单位实时调整照明控制策略与节能升级改造提供重要的参考依据。

隧道入口段不同颜色路面照明亮度试验对比研究

为了缓解“黑洞效应”对行车安全的不利影响,采用现场测量试验和仿真模拟相结合的方法,研究隧道入口段彩色路面对其照明亮度的影响规律。研究结果表明:不同颜色彩色路面对隧道入口段整体环境的亮度均造成不同程度的提升,其中黄色路面提升效果最明显;隧道入口段高压钠灯提供的环境、路面亮度均比LED灯高;布灯间距对亮度有显著影响,但其增加并未与彩色路面亮度提升成比例关系。研究结果可为高速公路隧道工程的明色化路面设计提供参考。

隧道过渡照明动态节能控制方法研究

针对目前我国隧道照明能耗高和智能化程度较低的问题,提出了隧道过渡照明动态节能控制方法。在隧道前方一定距离部署车辆感知传感器,隧道过渡区域部署照度传感器,控制中心根据采集的现场数据,在车辆进入隧道前智能控制照明环境,实现来车提前亮车走灯暗的按需照明;使驾驶员在隧道路口明暗过渡更平稳的同时,达到节能低碳目标。提出的方法可为隧道行车创造安全、舒适、节能的照明环境,可为隧道过渡区域照明设计或改造提供参考。

基于太阳辐照度实时计算隧道洞外亮度的方法研究

为解决城市隧道运营过程中隧道洞外亮度L20(S)全天逐时变化差异大且实时获取困难的问题,结合3D打印隧道缩尺模型,提出以太阳辐照度为输入变量,将天空亮度、地面景物亮度耦合的L20(S)实时计算方法。以北京芦花路隧道为测量对象,利用隧道缩尺模型代替实际隧道探究地面景物亮度变化规律,建立地面景物亮度与太阳辐照度的量化回归模型;利用太阳辐照度将CIE模型、Perez模型的计算值与实测值进行对比验证,以误差较小、计算较简便的CIE模型作为天空亮度模型,其误差在晴天工况和阴天工况下分别为4.26%、6.11%。对比耦合后的L20(S)计算模型在不同季节、不同天气条件下的计算值与实测值,平均误差均在10%以内,表明该隧道洞外亮度实时计算方法在全季节、全气候条件下具有准确性和适用性。