Mass movements are very common problems in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey due to its climate conditions, geological, and geomorphological characteristics. High slope angle, weathering, dense rainfalls, and ant...Mass movements are very common problems in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey due to its climate conditions, geological, and geomorphological characteristics. High slope angle, weathering, dense rainfalls, and anthropogenic impacts are generally reported as the most important triggering factors in the region. Following the portal slope excavations in the entrance section of Cankurtaran tunnel, located in the region, where the highly weathered andesitic tuff crops out, a circular toe failure occurred. The main target of the present study is to investigate the causes and occurrence mechanism of this failure and to determine the feasible remedial measures against it using finite element method(FEM) in four stages. These stages are slope stability analyses for pre-and postexcavation cases, and remediation design assessments for slope and tunnel. The results of the FEM-SSR analyses indicated that the insufficient initial support design and weathering of the andesitic tuffs are the main factors that caused the portal failure. After installing a rock retaining wall with jet grout columns and reinforced slope benching applications, the factor of safety increased from 0.83 to 2.80. In addition toslope stability evaluation, the Rock Mass Rating(RMR), Rock Mass Quality(Q) and New Austrian Tunneling Method(NATM) systems were also utilized as empirical methods to characterize the tunnel ground and to determine the tunnel support design. The performance of the suggested empirical support design, induced stress distributions and deformations were analyzed by means of numerical modelling. Finally, it was concluded that the recommended stabilization technique was essential for the dynamic long-term stability and prevents the effects of failure. Additionally, the FEM method gives useful and reasonably reliable results in evaluating the stability of cut slopes and tunnels excavated both in continuous and discontinuous rock masses.展开更多
The stability type and spatial distribution of surrounding rock are an important basis for the layout of hae tunuels and the selection of support patterns in a mine design. Based on a lot of investigations and testing...The stability type and spatial distribution of surrounding rock are an important basis for the layout of hae tunuels and the selection of support patterns in a mine design. Based on a lot of investigations and testing studies,a new engineering geological classification scheme of surrounding rock stability is put forward,which is easy to be applied,and reliable verified by examples. According to the classification system,the spatial divisions of surrounding rock stability can be delineated in an exploration progamme, providing relevant engineering geological informations for mine designers to prevent them from making the uurealistic tunnel layout and support展开更多
为明确浅埋大跨度隧道预应力锚杆的锚固参数及支护方案,为主动支护设计提供依据,以青岛地铁6号线华山一路站为例,采用理论分析、数值模拟、现场试验的研究手段,探究不同支护参数下的隧道施工力学特征。研究结果表明:(1)主动支护通过补...为明确浅埋大跨度隧道预应力锚杆的锚固参数及支护方案,为主动支护设计提供依据,以青岛地铁6号线华山一路站为例,采用理论分析、数值模拟、现场试验的研究手段,探究不同支护参数下的隧道施工力学特征。研究结果表明:(1)主动支护通过补偿径向应力σ3,降低切向应力σ1,改善了围岩的应力状态,锚杆与围岩形成共同承载体,提高了围岩的弹性模量、黏聚力、内摩擦角等力学性能;(2)锚固段长度越大,剪应力的分布范围呈增大趋势,随着张拉载荷的增加,剪应力峰值由锚固段端部逐渐向尾部转移,锚固长度为锚杆长度的40%~50%时锚固体的安全储备高;(3)锚杆的预应力在0~120 k N增加过程中,围岩的变形量与变形范围呈下降的趋势,拱部塑性区逐渐消失,拱脚与边墙的塑性区分布范围不断降低;随着锚杆的支护密度的提升,围岩的变形与应力均得到了一定程度的控制,但提升效果不显著;(4)从现场监测结果来看,主动支护结构稳定且安全储备高,其中围岩变形量在5.7 mm以内,格栅钢筋应力最高值为48.2 MPa,锚杆轴力由张拉至隧道开挖完成变化率仅为3.5%。展开更多
文摘Mass movements are very common problems in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey due to its climate conditions, geological, and geomorphological characteristics. High slope angle, weathering, dense rainfalls, and anthropogenic impacts are generally reported as the most important triggering factors in the region. Following the portal slope excavations in the entrance section of Cankurtaran tunnel, located in the region, where the highly weathered andesitic tuff crops out, a circular toe failure occurred. The main target of the present study is to investigate the causes and occurrence mechanism of this failure and to determine the feasible remedial measures against it using finite element method(FEM) in four stages. These stages are slope stability analyses for pre-and postexcavation cases, and remediation design assessments for slope and tunnel. The results of the FEM-SSR analyses indicated that the insufficient initial support design and weathering of the andesitic tuffs are the main factors that caused the portal failure. After installing a rock retaining wall with jet grout columns and reinforced slope benching applications, the factor of safety increased from 0.83 to 2.80. In addition toslope stability evaluation, the Rock Mass Rating(RMR), Rock Mass Quality(Q) and New Austrian Tunneling Method(NATM) systems were also utilized as empirical methods to characterize the tunnel ground and to determine the tunnel support design. The performance of the suggested empirical support design, induced stress distributions and deformations were analyzed by means of numerical modelling. Finally, it was concluded that the recommended stabilization technique was essential for the dynamic long-term stability and prevents the effects of failure. Additionally, the FEM method gives useful and reasonably reliable results in evaluating the stability of cut slopes and tunnels excavated both in continuous and discontinuous rock masses.
文摘The stability type and spatial distribution of surrounding rock are an important basis for the layout of hae tunuels and the selection of support patterns in a mine design. Based on a lot of investigations and testing studies,a new engineering geological classification scheme of surrounding rock stability is put forward,which is easy to be applied,and reliable verified by examples. According to the classification system,the spatial divisions of surrounding rock stability can be delineated in an exploration progamme, providing relevant engineering geological informations for mine designers to prevent them from making the uurealistic tunnel layout and support
文摘为明确浅埋大跨度隧道预应力锚杆的锚固参数及支护方案,为主动支护设计提供依据,以青岛地铁6号线华山一路站为例,采用理论分析、数值模拟、现场试验的研究手段,探究不同支护参数下的隧道施工力学特征。研究结果表明:(1)主动支护通过补偿径向应力σ3,降低切向应力σ1,改善了围岩的应力状态,锚杆与围岩形成共同承载体,提高了围岩的弹性模量、黏聚力、内摩擦角等力学性能;(2)锚固段长度越大,剪应力的分布范围呈增大趋势,随着张拉载荷的增加,剪应力峰值由锚固段端部逐渐向尾部转移,锚固长度为锚杆长度的40%~50%时锚固体的安全储备高;(3)锚杆的预应力在0~120 k N增加过程中,围岩的变形量与变形范围呈下降的趋势,拱部塑性区逐渐消失,拱脚与边墙的塑性区分布范围不断降低;随着锚杆的支护密度的提升,围岩的变形与应力均得到了一定程度的控制,但提升效果不显著;(4)从现场监测结果来看,主动支护结构稳定且安全储备高,其中围岩变形量在5.7 mm以内,格栅钢筋应力最高值为48.2 MPa,锚杆轴力由张拉至隧道开挖完成变化率仅为3.5%。
