Unsteady flow characteristic analysis of turbine based combined cycle(TBCC)inlet mode transition10.1016/j.jppr.2015.07.006

A turbine based combined cycle(TBCC)propulsion system uses a turbine-based engine to accelerate the vehicle from takeoff to the mode transition flight condition,at which point,the propulsion system performs a“mode transition”from the turbine to ramjet engine.Smooth inlet mode transition is accomplished when flow is diverted from one flowpath to the other,without experiencing unstart or buzz.The smooth inlet mode transition is a complex unsteady process and it is one of the enabling technologies for combined cycle engine to become a functional reality.In order to unveil the unsteady process of inlet mode transition,the research of over/under TBCC inlet mode transition was conducted through a numerical simulation.It shows that during the mode transition the terminal shock oscillates in the inlet.During the process of inlet mode transition mass flow rate and Mach number of turbojet flowpath reduce with oscillation.While in ramjet flowpath the flow field is non-uniform at the beginning of inlet mode transition.The speed of mode transition and the operation states of the turbojet and ramjet engines will affect the motion of terminal shock.The result obtained in present paper can help us realize the unsteady flow characteristic during the mode transition and provide some suggestions for TBCC inlet mode transition based on the smooth transition of thrust.

Integrated Equivalent Model of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Turbine for Large-scale Offshore Wind Farm Simulation

The high-speed simulation of large-scale offshore wind farms(OWFs) preserving the internal machine information has become a huge challenge due to the large wind turbine(WT) count and microsecond-range time step. Hence, it is undoable to investigate the internal node information of the OWF in the electro-magnetic transient(EMT) programs. To fill this gap,this paper presents an equivalent modeling method for largescale OWF, whose accuracy and efficiency are guaranteed by integrating the individual devices of permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG) based WT. The node-elimination algorithm is used while the internal machine information is recursively updated. Unlike the existing aggregation methods, the developed EMT model can reflect the characteristics of each WT under different wind speeds and WT parameters without modifying the codes. The access to each WT controller is preserved so that the time-varying dynamics of all the WTs could be simulated. Comparisons of the proposed model with the detailed model in PSCAD/EMTDC have shown very high precision and high efficiency. The proposed modeling procedures can be used as reference for other types of WTs once the structures and parameters are given.

Unsteady supercritical/critical dual flowpath inlet flow and its control methods

The characteristics of unsteady flow in a dual-flowpath inlet, which was designed for a Turbine Based Combined Cycle（TBCC） propulsion system, and the control methods of unsteady flow were investigated experimentally and numerically. It was characterized by large-amplitude pressure oscillations and traveling shock waves. As the inlet operated in supercritical condition,namely the terminal shock located in the throat, the shock oscillated, and the period of oscillation was about 50 ms, while the amplitude was 6 mm. The shock oscillation was caused by separation in the diffuser. This shock oscillation can be controlled by extending the length of diffuser which reduces pressure gradient along the flowpath. As the inlet operated in critical condition, namely the terminal shock located at the shoulder of the third compression ramp, the shock oscillated,and the period of oscillation was about 7.5 ms, while the amplitude was 12 mm. At this condition,the shock oscillation was caused by an incompatible backpressure in the bleed region. It can be controlled by increasing the backpressure of the bleed region.

An Intelligent Coordinated Protection and Control Strategy for Distribution Network with Wind Generation Integration

Integration of distributed generation(DG)can change the fault current level and direction in the distribution system,which affects the related protection system.In order to limit the negative impact of DG integration and upgrade the protection system performance,an intelligent coordinated protection and control strategy is proposed.A cost based optimization method is adopted to minimize the operation costs of possible solutions.Its aim is to define the optimal relay settings for the present operation condition,and the most suitable control mode of converter based wind turbine DG.Case studies on a hardware in the loop real time simulation platform demonstrate the proposed protection strategy.