The East China Sea(ECS) has a high suspended-sediment concentration because of the influence of the Changjiang River,indicated by high turbidity in the water.Considering the islands off the coast and the complex topog...The East China Sea(ECS) has a high suspended-sediment concentration because of the influence of the Changjiang River,indicated by high turbidity in the water.Considering the islands off the coast and the complex topography,and the strong influence of tides and wind,the coast off the ECS is a typical region with strong oceanic mixing processes.The changes in the dynamic processes near the bottom play an important role in the control of water turbidity.The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate(ε) is a parameter that shows the strength of ocean mixing.This is estimated based on a structure method using current velocity that is measured by a high-frequency Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler(ADCP) from a seafloor observatory in the ECS.The results indicate strong ocean mixing processes with a mean e value of 5.7×10^(-5) W/kg and distinct tidal variations in the dissipation rate.Conversely,the variation of the water turbidity leads to changes in the water dynamical structure near the bottom.Comparing the dissipation rate with the turbidity near the bottom boundary layer,we find that the high turbidity mimics strong ocean mixing.展开更多
A structure function approach is applied to estimate the turbulent kinetic energy （TKE） dissipation rate in the bottom boundary layer of the Pearl River Estuary （PRE）. Simultaneous measurements with an acoustic Do...A structure function approach is applied to estimate the turbulent kinetic energy （TKE） dissipation rate in the bottom boundary layer of the Pearl River Estuary （PRE）. Simultaneous measurements with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter （ADV） supplied independent data for the verification of the structure function method. The results show that, 1） the structure function approach is reliable and successfully applied method to estimate the TKE dissipation rate. The observed dissipation rates range between 8.3 ×10^-4 W/kg and 4.9× 10^-6 W/kg in YM01 and between 3.4×10^-4 W/kg and 4.8×10^-7 W/kg in YM03, respectively, while exhibiting a strong quarter-diurnal variation. 2） The balance between the shear production and viscous dissipation is better achieved in the straight river. This first-order balance is significantly broken in the estuary by non-shear production/dissipation due to wave-induced fluctuations.展开更多
The turbulent mixing in the upwelling region east of Hainan Island in the South China Sea is analyzed based on in situ microstructure observations made in July 2012. During the observation, strong upwelling appears in...The turbulent mixing in the upwelling region east of Hainan Island in the South China Sea is analyzed based on in situ microstructure observations made in July 2012. During the observation, strong upwelling appears in the coastal waters, which are 3℃ cooler than the offshore waters and have a salinity 1.0 greater than that of the offshore waters. The magnitude of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy ε in the upwelling region is O（10–9 W/kg）, which is comparable to the general oceanic dissipation. The inferred eddy diffusivity Kρ is O（10–6 m2/s）, which is one order of magnitude lower than that in the open ocean. The values are elevated to Kρ≈O（10–4 m2/s） near the boundaries. Weak mixing in the upwelling region is consistent with weak instability as a result of moderate shears versus strong stratifications by the joint influence of surface heating and upwelling of cold water.The validity of two fine-scale structure mixing parameterization models are tested by comparison with the observed dissipation rates. The results indicate that the model developed by Mac Kinnon and Gregg in 2003 provides relatively better estimates with magnitudes close to the observations. Mixing parameterization models need to be further improved in the coastal upwelling region.展开更多
The turbulence behavior of gas-liquid two-phase flow plays an important role in heat transfer and mass transfer in many chemical processes. In this work, a 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to investigate t...The turbulence behavior of gas-liquid two-phase flow plays an important role in heat transfer and mass transfer in many chemical processes. In this work, a 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to investigate the turbulent characteristic of fluid induced by a chain of bubbles rising in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The instantaneous flow field, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and TKE dissipation rate were measured. The results demonstrated that the TKE profiles were almost symmetrical along the column center and showed higher values in the central region of the column. The TKE was enhanced with the increase of gas flow and decrease of liquid viscosity. The maximum TKE dissipation rate appeared on both sides of the bubble chain, and increased with the increase of gas flow rate or liquid viscosity. These results provide an understanding for gas-liquid mass transfer in non-Newtonian fluids.展开更多
An orifice is used widely as a flow meter or a contraction device in pipeline systems in hydro-power plants, thermal power plants, and chemical plants because of its simple construction, high reliability, and low cost...An orifice is used widely as a flow meter or a contraction device in pipeline systems in hydro-power plants, thermal power plants, and chemical plants because of its simple construction, high reliability, and low cost. However, it is well known that flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) occurs on the pipe wall downstream of the orifice. Some of the authors have examined FAC through experimental and numerical analyses and have reported that one of the major governing parameters of FAC for single-phase water flow is the pressure fluctuation p’ on the pipe wall, and also that pipe wall thinning rate TR can be estimated by p’. In addition, they have presented the effects of the ori-fice geometry on p’ or TR, and have described a method for suppressing p’ or TR. In the present study, FAC for a two-phase air-water bubble flow is examined and compared with the single-phase water flow experimentally. Further, it is shown that because p’ is also considered a governing parameter of FAC for a two-phase air-water bubble flow, TR can be estimated using p’. It is also indicated that, by using a downstream pipe with a smaller diameter than that of the upstream pipe, p’ or TR can be suppressed.展开更多
为进一步了解高温热管工作时工质钠的流动和分布情况,用有限容积法和D a r c y理论数值模拟二级学院组合式吸液芯内液态金属钠的流动特性,根据模拟结果对液态金属钠流经组合式吸液芯的压力降、分布均匀程度、湍流动能和湍流耗散率进行...为进一步了解高温热管工作时工质钠的流动和分布情况,用有限容积法和D a r c y理论数值模拟二级学院组合式吸液芯内液态金属钠的流动特性,根据模拟结果对液态金属钠流经组合式吸液芯的压力降、分布均匀程度、湍流动能和湍流耗散率进行分析。研究结果表明,随着液态金属钠的进口流速增大和组合式吸液芯中金属纤维毡厚度增大,液态金属钠在组合式吸液芯内的速度分布越不均匀;随着组合式吸液芯中金属纤维毡厚度减小,液态金属钠在其中的湍流动能和湍流耗散率越大;液态金属钠通过组合式吸液芯的压降随着进口流速的增大而增大,且进口流速相同时,液态金属钠经过金属纤维毡厚度越大的组合式吸液芯的压降越大。压降的数值模拟值与实验值的最大相对误差约为6.8%,说明本文数值模型的正确性。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41106013,41576005)the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(No.06DZ12012)
文摘The East China Sea(ECS) has a high suspended-sediment concentration because of the influence of the Changjiang River,indicated by high turbidity in the water.Considering the islands off the coast and the complex topography,and the strong influence of tides and wind,the coast off the ECS is a typical region with strong oceanic mixing processes.The changes in the dynamic processes near the bottom play an important role in the control of water turbidity.The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate(ε) is a parameter that shows the strength of ocean mixing.This is estimated based on a structure method using current velocity that is measured by a high-frequency Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler(ADCP) from a seafloor observatory in the ECS.The results indicate strong ocean mixing processes with a mean e value of 5.7×10^(-5) W/kg and distinct tidal variations in the dissipation rate.Conversely,the variation of the water turbidity leads to changes in the water dynamical structure near the bottom.Comparing the dissipation rate with the turbidity near the bottom boundary layer,we find that the high turbidity mimics strong ocean mixing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41006050)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 20090460799)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 11lgpy59)
文摘A structure function approach is applied to estimate the turbulent kinetic energy （TKE） dissipation rate in the bottom boundary layer of the Pearl River Estuary （PRE）. Simultaneous measurements with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter （ADV） supplied independent data for the verification of the structure function method. The results show that, 1） the structure function approach is reliable and successfully applied method to estimate the TKE dissipation rate. The observed dissipation rates range between 8.3 ×10^-4 W/kg and 4.9× 10^-6 W/kg in YM01 and between 3.4×10^-4 W/kg and 4.8×10^-7 W/kg in YM03, respectively, while exhibiting a strong quarter-diurnal variation. 2） The balance between the shear production and viscous dissipation is better achieved in the straight river. This first-order balance is significantly broken in the estuary by non-shear production/dissipation due to wave-induced fluctuations.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41476009,41776034 and 41476010the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China under contract No.2016A030312004+1 种基金the Global Air-Sea Interaction Project of State Oceanic Administration under contract No.GASI-IPOVAI-01-02the Laboratory of Tropical Ocean Open Foundation under contract No.LT1404
文摘The turbulent mixing in the upwelling region east of Hainan Island in the South China Sea is analyzed based on in situ microstructure observations made in July 2012. During the observation, strong upwelling appears in the coastal waters, which are 3℃ cooler than the offshore waters and have a salinity 1.0 greater than that of the offshore waters. The magnitude of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy ε in the upwelling region is O（10–9 W/kg）, which is comparable to the general oceanic dissipation. The inferred eddy diffusivity Kρ is O（10–6 m2/s）, which is one order of magnitude lower than that in the open ocean. The values are elevated to Kρ≈O（10–4 m2/s） near the boundaries. Weak mixing in the upwelling region is consistent with weak instability as a result of moderate shears versus strong stratifications by the joint influence of surface heating and upwelling of cold water.The validity of two fine-scale structure mixing parameterization models are tested by comparison with the observed dissipation rates. The results indicate that the model developed by Mac Kinnon and Gregg in 2003 provides relatively better estimates with magnitudes close to the observations. Mixing parameterization models need to be further improved in the coastal upwelling region.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21076139)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (SKL-ChE-08B03)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B06006)
文摘The turbulence behavior of gas-liquid two-phase flow plays an important role in heat transfer and mass transfer in many chemical processes. In this work, a 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to investigate the turbulent characteristic of fluid induced by a chain of bubbles rising in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The instantaneous flow field, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and TKE dissipation rate were measured. The results demonstrated that the TKE profiles were almost symmetrical along the column center and showed higher values in the central region of the column. The TKE was enhanced with the increase of gas flow and decrease of liquid viscosity. The maximum TKE dissipation rate appeared on both sides of the bubble chain, and increased with the increase of gas flow rate or liquid viscosity. These results provide an understanding for gas-liquid mass transfer in non-Newtonian fluids.
文摘An orifice is used widely as a flow meter or a contraction device in pipeline systems in hydro-power plants, thermal power plants, and chemical plants because of its simple construction, high reliability, and low cost. However, it is well known that flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) occurs on the pipe wall downstream of the orifice. Some of the authors have examined FAC through experimental and numerical analyses and have reported that one of the major governing parameters of FAC for single-phase water flow is the pressure fluctuation p’ on the pipe wall, and also that pipe wall thinning rate TR can be estimated by p’. In addition, they have presented the effects of the ori-fice geometry on p’ or TR, and have described a method for suppressing p’ or TR. In the present study, FAC for a two-phase air-water bubble flow is examined and compared with the single-phase water flow experimentally. Further, it is shown that because p’ is also considered a governing parameter of FAC for a two-phase air-water bubble flow, TR can be estimated using p’. It is also indicated that, by using a downstream pipe with a smaller diameter than that of the upstream pipe, p’ or TR can be suppressed.
文摘为进一步了解高温热管工作时工质钠的流动和分布情况,用有限容积法和D a r c y理论数值模拟二级学院组合式吸液芯内液态金属钠的流动特性,根据模拟结果对液态金属钠流经组合式吸液芯的压力降、分布均匀程度、湍流动能和湍流耗散率进行分析。研究结果表明,随着液态金属钠的进口流速增大和组合式吸液芯中金属纤维毡厚度增大,液态金属钠在组合式吸液芯内的速度分布越不均匀;随着组合式吸液芯中金属纤维毡厚度减小,液态金属钠在其中的湍流动能和湍流耗散率越大;液态金属钠通过组合式吸液芯的压降随着进口流速的增大而增大,且进口流速相同时,液态金属钠经过金属纤维毡厚度越大的组合式吸液芯的压降越大。压降的数值模拟值与实验值的最大相对误差约为6.8%,说明本文数值模型的正确性。
