Winning algorithms in BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022:BCI Turing Test

The Turing Test is a method of testing whether a machine has human intelligence.A novel brain–computer interface(BCI)Turing Test was proposed in the BCI Controlled Robot Contest in World Robot Contest 2022.Contestants developed algorithms that can distinguish if an instruction is issued by a human.Participants collaborated with an electroencephalogram-based BCI to play a soccer game in a virtual scenario.Participants were asked to perform steady-state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)tasks or motor imagery(MI)tasks to control the robots or be in an idle state to mimic the system giving instructions on behalf of the participants.Several algorithms proposed in this competition are developed based on the concept that the idle state is a category in multiclass classification problems.This paper details the algorithms of the top five teams with the best performance in the final,lists the popular classification models and algorithms for MI and SSVEP,and discusses the effectiveness of each approach in improving classification performance and reducing the computation time.

Demos of Passing Turing Test Successfully

Recently,a new kind of machine intelligence was born,called as UI(Ubit intelligence).The basic difference between UI and AI is encoding;UI is based on word encoding;but AI is based on character encoding.UI machine can learn from human,remember the characters,pronunciation,and meaning of a word like human.UI machine can think among the character,pronunciation,and meaning of words like human.Turing Test is similar to a teacher testing a student;Before Test,tester must teach the content of the test questions to UI machine first;after UI machine learning,tester asks testee questions;to check testee has remembered what he taught;to check testee can think among character,pronunciation,and meaning of words.This paper demonstrates that testee can remember what testee taught;and answer all 6 questions correctly by thinking.UI machine passes Turing Test easily and successfully with score 100.Following on,the works related to this study is briefly introduced.At last,this paper concludes that UI machine is based on word encoding,can form word,form concept,can possess brain like intelligence,also can possess human like Intelligence;therefore UI machine passes Turing Test easily and successfully.On the contrary,AI machine is based on character encoding;can’t form word;can’t form concept,AI machine can’t possess brain like intelligence,nor possess human like Intelligence.Therefore,AI machine can’t pass Turing Test.

通智测试——基于动态具身物理社会交互环境的通用人工智能测试

The release of the generative pre-trained transformer(GPT)series has brought artificial general intelligence(AGI)to the forefront of the artificial intelligence(AI)field once again.However,the questions of how to define and evaluate AGI remain unclear.This perspective article proposes that the evaluation of AGI should be rooted in dynamic embodied physical and social interactions(DEPSI).More specifically,we propose five critical characteristics to be considered as AGI benchmarks and suggest the Tong test as an AGI evaluation system.The Tong test describes a value-and ability-oriented testing system that delineates five levels of AGI milestones through a virtual environment with DEPSI,allowing for infinite task generation.We contrast the Tong test with classical AI testing systems in terms of various aspects and propose a systematic evaluation system to promote standardized,quantitative,and objective benchmarks and evaluation of AGI.

The Four Most Basic Elements In Machine Cognition

The widespread use of ChatGPT has normalized the dialogue Turing test.To meet this challenge,China's major national development strategy suggests that for a new generation of artificial intelligence,it is first necessary to answer the big questions raised by Turing in 1950 from the perspective of cognitive physics:Can machines think?How do machines think?How do machines cognize?Whether it is carbon-based human cognition or silicon-based machine cognition,it is an interaction between complex constructs composed of the four most basic elements:matter,energy,structure,and time.Both humans and machines depend on negative entropy for living,and time is the cornerstone of cognition.Structure and time are parasitic on matter and energy in physical space,forming hard-structured ware.The soft-structured ware in cognitive space is mind,which is parasitic on the hard-structured ware or other existing soft-structured ware,and constitutes a rich hierarchy of multi-scale feelings,concepts,information,and knowledge.Extending"abstraction"from the symbolic school of artificial intelligence,"association"from the connectionist school,and"interaction"from the behaviorist school,the core of cognition is established on the shoulders of such scientific giants such as Schrodinger,Turing and Wiener.Soft and hard-structured ware interact.Cognitive machine can comprise heterogeneous hard-structured ware,such as field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs),data processing units(DPUs),central processing units(CPUs),graphics processing units(GPUs),tensor processing units(TPUs),and memory.It can also be implanted with the"Baby Cognitive Nucleus"which is hard-structured ware genetically inherited and naturally evolved to form the embodied machine.Then the hard-structured ware is parasitized by rich,multi-scale soft-structured ware.By regulating matter and energy through soft-structured ware,machines produce orderly events,form coordinated and orderly thinking activities.The heterogeneous sensors configured by the machine and the speed of thinking will no longer be trapped by the extreme values of biochemical parameters of carbon-based organisms but will be able to perceive through multi-channel cross-modal means,carry out intense thinking,and maintain cognitive continuity with memory.To generate computational and memory intelligence in cognitive space which can bootstrap,self-reuse and self-replicate,imagination and creativity are improved through memory-constrained computing.The new generation of artificial intelligence will leap beyond mechanized mathematics to automation in thinking and self-driven growth of cognition,and the thinking in the cognitive space and the behavior in the physical space verify each other,from the dialogue Turing test to the embodied Turing test.Humans have entered the intelligent era of human-machine co-creation with cognitive machines iteratively inventing,discovering,and creating alongside scientists,engineers,and skilled craftsmen,each wise in its way,improving thinking ability,and amplifying human energy.