There is a growing technological development in intelligent teaching systems. This field has become interesting to many researchers. In this paper, we present an intelligent tutoring system for teaching mathematics th...There is a growing technological development in intelligent teaching systems. This field has become interesting to many researchers. In this paper, we present an intelligent tutoring system for teaching mathematics that helps students understand the basics of linear programming using Linear Program Solver and Service for Solving Linear Programming Problems, through which students will be able to solve economic problems. It comes down to determining the minimum or maximum value of a linear function, which is called the objective function, according to pre-set limiting conditions expressed by linear equations and inequalities. The goal function and the limiting conditions represent a mathematical model of the observed problem. Working as a professor of mathematics in high school, I felt the need for one such work and dealing with the study of linear programming as an integral part of mathematics. There are a number of papers in this regard, but exclusively related to traditional ways of working, as stated in the introductory part of the paper. The center of work as well as the final part deals with the study of linear programming using programs that deal with this topic.展开更多
An Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is a computer based instruction tool that attempts to provide individualized instructions based on learner’s educational status. Advances in development of these systems have rose...An Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is a computer based instruction tool that attempts to provide individualized instructions based on learner’s educational status. Advances in development of these systems have rose and fell since their emergence. Perhaps the main reason for this is the absence of appropriate framework for ITS development. This paper proposes a framework for designing two main parts of ITSs. Besides development framework, the second main reason for lack of significant advances in ITS development is its development cost. In general, this cost for instructional material is quite high and it becomes more in ITS development. The proposed method can significantly reduce the development cost. The cost reduction mainly is because of characteristics of applied mapping techniques. These maps are human readable and easily understandable by people who are not aware of knowledge representation techniques. The proposed framework is implemented for a graduate course at a technical university in Asia. This experiment provides an individualized instruction which is the main designing purpose of the ITSs.展开更多
Discussion is a common and important learning process.Involvement of a virtual agent can provide adaptive support for the discussion process.Argumen-tative knowledge construction is beneficial to learners’acquisition...Discussion is a common and important learning process.Involvement of a virtual agent can provide adaptive support for the discussion process.Argumen-tative knowledge construction is beneficial to learners’acquisition of knowledge,but the effectiveness of argumentative scaffolding in existing studies is not consistent.Based on an intelligent discussion system,a total of 47 undergraduate students took part in the experiment and they were assigned to three different conditions:content-related plus content-independent scaffolding condition,content-related scaffolding condition,and the control condition.Under the content-related and content-independent scaffolding condition,the computer agent provided an idea from semantically different categories(content-related scaffolding)according to the automatic categorization of the current contributions,and further inquired the participants about their attitudes and reasons(content-independent scaffolding).Under the condition of content-related scaffolding condition,the virtual agent only provided semantically different viewpoints.Under the control condition,the subjects expressed their opinion independently without the participation of the virtual agent.Findings revealed that compared with the control group,when the virtual agent provided semantically different ideas(content-related scaffolding),the discussion breadth(number of categories)was improved and the subjects felt that they had a more comprehensive understanding of the problem.Compared with the content-related scaffolding condition,when the virtual agent provided semantically different ideas and further asked about the attitudes and reasons,the subjects expressed more agreement with these views,but mentioned fewer categories during the discussion.This study suggests that the content-related scaffolding can facilitate the cognitive processing effect relevant to the topic of discussion.When the content independent scaffolding is added,it can promote the argumentative processing,but may have a negative effect on the cognitive processing related to the topic discussed.展开更多
English thesis writing and tutoring process is traditionally loose and open-ended. Both students and teachers enjoy much liberty in the maneuver of different steps in the whole process, which, as it were, may cause a ...English thesis writing and tutoring process is traditionally loose and open-ended. Both students and teachers enjoy much liberty in the maneuver of different steps in the whole process, which, as it were, may cause a series of problems and dissatisfactions, consequently undermining the quality and significance. This paper is intended to explore a streamlined and systematic procedure to ensure both the students and teachers are doing their bit and make due contribution to the thesis perfection.展开更多
More and more college students start their social practice by tutoring children. However, quite a few do not have a clear conception about individual tutoring at the beginning of their practice, and not everyone invol...More and more college students start their social practice by tutoring children. However, quite a few do not have a clear conception about individual tutoring at the beginning of their practice, and not everyone involved in individual tutoring can end up with fruitful results. In this paper, the author did a research to find out the problems and the efficient ways to carry on this social practice in the hope that college students can finish their practice efficiently and thus form their career goal gradually.展开更多
This paper explores the application of big data technology in ideological and political education for college counselors.Big data-driven personalized counseling for students,social network analysis,and public opinion ...This paper explores the application of big data technology in ideological and political education for college counselors.Big data-driven personalized counseling for students,social network analysis,and public opinion monitoring can optimize the efficiency of counselor work.However,there are still challenges concerning data privacy protection,technical support,and training.By scientifically evaluating and addressing these challenges,big data technology is expected to enhance the effectiveness of college counselors and improve the quality of ideological and political education.In the future,with technological advancements,big data technology will become an essential tool for higher education management.展开更多
Electronic learning(e-learning)has become one of the widely used modes of pedagogy in higher education today due to the convenience and flexibility offered in comparison to traditional learning activities.Advancements...Electronic learning(e-learning)has become one of the widely used modes of pedagogy in higher education today due to the convenience and flexibility offered in comparison to traditional learning activities.Advancements in Information and Communication Technology have eased learner connectivity online and enabled access to an extensive range of learning materials on the World Wide Web.Post covid-19 pandemic,online learning has become the most essential and inevitable medium of learning in primary,secondary and higher education.In recent times,Massive Open Online Courses(MOOCs)have transformed the current education strategy by offering a technology-rich and flexible form of online learning.A key component to assess the learner’s progress and effectiveness of online teaching is the Multiple Choice Question(MCQ)assessment in most of the MOOC courses.Uncertainty exists on the reliability and validity of the assessment component as it raises a qualm whether the real knowledge acquisition level reflects upon the assessment score.This is due to the possibility of random and smart guesses,learners can attempt,as MCQ assessments are more vulnerable than essay type assessments.This paper presents the architecture,development,evaluation of the I-Quiz system,an intelligent assessment tool,which captures and analyses both the implicit and explicit non-verbal behaviour of learner and provides insights about the learner’s real knowledge acquisition level.The I-Quiz system uses an innovative way to analyse the learner non-verbal behaviour and trains the agent using machine learning techniques.The intelligent agent in the system evaluates and predicts the real knowledge acquisition level of learners.A total of 500 undergraduate engineering students were asked to attend an on-Screen MCQ assessment test using the I-Quiz system comprising 20 multiple choice questions related to advanced C programming.The non-verbal behaviour of the learner is recorded using a front-facing camera during the entire assessment period.The resultant dataset of non-verbal behaviour and question-answer scores is used to train the random forest classifier model to predict the real knowledge acquisition level of the learner.The trained model after hyperparameter tuning and cross validation achieved a normalized prediction accuracy of 85.68%.展开更多
PBL教学（Problem based learning）是学生为主体的自主学习方式，目前已被广泛应用于医学基础课程教育中。在PBL教学中，教师可通过加强课前备课、课堂讨论和课后分享环节的工作，引导PBL教学活动顺利进行，激发学生学习兴趣，提升医...PBL教学（Problem based learning）是学生为主体的自主学习方式，目前已被广泛应用于医学基础课程教育中。在PBL教学中，教师可通过加强课前备课、课堂讨论和课后分享环节的工作，引导PBL教学活动顺利进行，激发学生学习兴趣，提升医学人才的培养质量。展开更多
The advantage of the network laboratory is the better flexibility of lab experiments by allowing remote control from different locations at a freely chosen time. In engineering education, the work should not only be f...The advantage of the network laboratory is the better flexibility of lab experiments by allowing remote control from different locations at a freely chosen time. In engineering education, the work should not only be focused on the technical realization of virtual or remote access experiments, but also on the achievement of its pedagogical goals. In this paper, an interactive laboratory is introduced which is based on the online tutoring system, virtual and remote access experiments. It has been piloted in the Department of Electronic Science and Technology, HUST. Some pedagogical issues for electronic engineering laboratory design, the development of a multi-serverbased distributed architecture for the reduction of network latency and implementations of the function module are presented. Finally, the system is proved valid by an experiment.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel approach to use artificial intelligence(Al),particularly large language models(LLMs)and other foundation models(FMs)in an educational environment.It emphasizes the integration of teams of t...This paper proposes a novel approach to use artificial intelligence(Al),particularly large language models(LLMs)and other foundation models(FMs)in an educational environment.It emphasizes the integration of teams of teachable and self-learning LLMs agents that use neuro-symbolic cognitive architecture(NSCA)to provide dynamic personalized support to learners and educators within self-improving adaptive instructional systems(SIAIS).These systems host these agents and support dynamic sessions of engagement workflow.We have developed the never ending open learning adaptive framework(NEOLAF),an LLM-based neuro-symbolic architecture for self-learning AI agents,and the open learning adaptive framework(OLAF),the underlying platform to host the agents,manage agent sessions,and support agent workflows and integration.The NEOLAF and OLAF serve as concrete examples to illustrate the advanced AI implementation approach.We also discuss our proof of concept testing of the NEOLAF agent to develop math problem-solving capabilities and the evaluation test for deployed interactive agent in the learning environment.展开更多
Purpose:In Korea,private tutoring is considered a social evil that damages the capacity of public schooling and undermines social justice.Although the government has implemented various policies to reduce private tuto...Purpose:In Korea,private tutoring is considered a social evil that damages the capacity of public schooling and undermines social justice.Although the government has implemented various policies to reduce private tutoring,ranging from improving the quality of education to providing"quasi-private tutoring"programs and regulating the shadow education market,total spending on private tutoring has continued to increase.This study examines a little noticed but important cause of institutionalized private tutoring in Korea.Design/Approach/Methods:The study employed a socio-ecological perspective to analyze both education and socio-structural factors.An extensive review of the government's private tutoring reduction policies and related literature was conducted.Findings:Private tutoring functions as a means by which parents can help their children compete for admission to prestigious universities and pass on wealth and social status to their children.Participation in private tutoring has become a social norm that is taken for granted.The root causes of institutionalized private tutoring lie in both educational and socio-structural factors.Originality/Nalue:The study suggests that government policies,when ignoring the long-established"grammar"of parents about children's education,may either end in failure or produce unintended consequences.展开更多
Purpose:The relationship between private tutoring(PT)and mainstream education is among the complex themes characterizing PT discourses in the literature.This study examined the complications of practices and processes...Purpose:The relationship between private tutoring(PT)and mainstream education is among the complex themes characterizing PT discourses in the literature.This study examined the complications of practices and processes in tutoring and schooling to elucidate different roles played by PT and its relationship with mainstream education.Design/Approach/Methods:This study used qualitative data from a diverse set of 37 PT providers from the State of Maharashtra,India,to delineate their roles and explore their relationship with schooling in this context.Findings:The classification of PT providers roles into complementary,accommodating,competing,and substitutive ones demonstrated a diverse range of relationships between PT and mainstream education.Further analysis showed that these relationships are dynamic in nature,and the boundaries between them are blurred.Originality/Value:Research in the field of PT has been consistently pointing toward a perplexing mixture of positive and negative outcomes resulting from its relationship with mainstream education.This study transcended the positive vis-a-vis negative binary approach by contributing to the deeper understanding of PT relationships.Furthermore,it exemplified how future studies can disentangle the complexities of such relationships by deploying flexible,context-specific theoretical approaches.展开更多
文摘There is a growing technological development in intelligent teaching systems. This field has become interesting to many researchers. In this paper, we present an intelligent tutoring system for teaching mathematics that helps students understand the basics of linear programming using Linear Program Solver and Service for Solving Linear Programming Problems, through which students will be able to solve economic problems. It comes down to determining the minimum or maximum value of a linear function, which is called the objective function, according to pre-set limiting conditions expressed by linear equations and inequalities. The goal function and the limiting conditions represent a mathematical model of the observed problem. Working as a professor of mathematics in high school, I felt the need for one such work and dealing with the study of linear programming as an integral part of mathematics. There are a number of papers in this regard, but exclusively related to traditional ways of working, as stated in the introductory part of the paper. The center of work as well as the final part deals with the study of linear programming using programs that deal with this topic.
文摘An Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is a computer based instruction tool that attempts to provide individualized instructions based on learner’s educational status. Advances in development of these systems have rose and fell since their emergence. Perhaps the main reason for this is the absence of appropriate framework for ITS development. This paper proposes a framework for designing two main parts of ITSs. Besides development framework, the second main reason for lack of significant advances in ITS development is its development cost. In general, this cost for instructional material is quite high and it becomes more in ITS development. The proposed method can significantly reduce the development cost. The cost reduction mainly is because of characteristics of applied mapping techniques. These maps are human readable and easily understandable by people who are not aware of knowledge representation techniques. The proposed framework is implemented for a graduate course at a technical university in Asia. This experiment provides an individualized instruction which is the main designing purpose of the ITSs.
文摘Discussion is a common and important learning process.Involvement of a virtual agent can provide adaptive support for the discussion process.Argumen-tative knowledge construction is beneficial to learners’acquisition of knowledge,but the effectiveness of argumentative scaffolding in existing studies is not consistent.Based on an intelligent discussion system,a total of 47 undergraduate students took part in the experiment and they were assigned to three different conditions:content-related plus content-independent scaffolding condition,content-related scaffolding condition,and the control condition.Under the content-related and content-independent scaffolding condition,the computer agent provided an idea from semantically different categories(content-related scaffolding)according to the automatic categorization of the current contributions,and further inquired the participants about their attitudes and reasons(content-independent scaffolding).Under the condition of content-related scaffolding condition,the virtual agent only provided semantically different viewpoints.Under the control condition,the subjects expressed their opinion independently without the participation of the virtual agent.Findings revealed that compared with the control group,when the virtual agent provided semantically different ideas(content-related scaffolding),the discussion breadth(number of categories)was improved and the subjects felt that they had a more comprehensive understanding of the problem.Compared with the content-related scaffolding condition,when the virtual agent provided semantically different ideas and further asked about the attitudes and reasons,the subjects expressed more agreement with these views,but mentioned fewer categories during the discussion.This study suggests that the content-related scaffolding can facilitate the cognitive processing effect relevant to the topic of discussion.When the content independent scaffolding is added,it can promote the argumentative processing,but may have a negative effect on the cognitive processing related to the topic discussed.
文摘English thesis writing and tutoring process is traditionally loose and open-ended. Both students and teachers enjoy much liberty in the maneuver of different steps in the whole process, which, as it were, may cause a series of problems and dissatisfactions, consequently undermining the quality and significance. This paper is intended to explore a streamlined and systematic procedure to ensure both the students and teachers are doing their bit and make due contribution to the thesis perfection.
文摘More and more college students start their social practice by tutoring children. However, quite a few do not have a clear conception about individual tutoring at the beginning of their practice, and not everyone involved in individual tutoring can end up with fruitful results. In this paper, the author did a research to find out the problems and the efficient ways to carry on this social practice in the hope that college students can finish their practice efficiently and thus form their career goal gradually.
文摘This paper explores the application of big data technology in ideological and political education for college counselors.Big data-driven personalized counseling for students,social network analysis,and public opinion monitoring can optimize the efficiency of counselor work.However,there are still challenges concerning data privacy protection,technical support,and training.By scientifically evaluating and addressing these challenges,big data technology is expected to enhance the effectiveness of college counselors and improve the quality of ideological and political education.In the future,with technological advancements,big data technology will become an essential tool for higher education management.
文摘Electronic learning(e-learning)has become one of the widely used modes of pedagogy in higher education today due to the convenience and flexibility offered in comparison to traditional learning activities.Advancements in Information and Communication Technology have eased learner connectivity online and enabled access to an extensive range of learning materials on the World Wide Web.Post covid-19 pandemic,online learning has become the most essential and inevitable medium of learning in primary,secondary and higher education.In recent times,Massive Open Online Courses(MOOCs)have transformed the current education strategy by offering a technology-rich and flexible form of online learning.A key component to assess the learner’s progress and effectiveness of online teaching is the Multiple Choice Question(MCQ)assessment in most of the MOOC courses.Uncertainty exists on the reliability and validity of the assessment component as it raises a qualm whether the real knowledge acquisition level reflects upon the assessment score.This is due to the possibility of random and smart guesses,learners can attempt,as MCQ assessments are more vulnerable than essay type assessments.This paper presents the architecture,development,evaluation of the I-Quiz system,an intelligent assessment tool,which captures and analyses both the implicit and explicit non-verbal behaviour of learner and provides insights about the learner’s real knowledge acquisition level.The I-Quiz system uses an innovative way to analyse the learner non-verbal behaviour and trains the agent using machine learning techniques.The intelligent agent in the system evaluates and predicts the real knowledge acquisition level of learners.A total of 500 undergraduate engineering students were asked to attend an on-Screen MCQ assessment test using the I-Quiz system comprising 20 multiple choice questions related to advanced C programming.The non-verbal behaviour of the learner is recorded using a front-facing camera during the entire assessment period.The resultant dataset of non-verbal behaviour and question-answer scores is used to train the random forest classifier model to predict the real knowledge acquisition level of the learner.The trained model after hyperparameter tuning and cross validation achieved a normalized prediction accuracy of 85.68%.
基金This was work supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents inUniversity under Grand No. NCET-04-0702.
文摘The advantage of the network laboratory is the better flexibility of lab experiments by allowing remote control from different locations at a freely chosen time. In engineering education, the work should not only be focused on the technical realization of virtual or remote access experiments, but also on the achievement of its pedagogical goals. In this paper, an interactive laboratory is introduced which is based on the online tutoring system, virtual and remote access experiments. It has been piloted in the Department of Electronic Science and Technology, HUST. Some pedagogical issues for electronic engineering laboratory design, the development of a multi-serverbased distributed architecture for the reduction of network latency and implementations of the function module are presented. Finally, the system is proved valid by an experiment.
文摘This paper proposes a novel approach to use artificial intelligence(Al),particularly large language models(LLMs)and other foundation models(FMs)in an educational environment.It emphasizes the integration of teams of teachable and self-learning LLMs agents that use neuro-symbolic cognitive architecture(NSCA)to provide dynamic personalized support to learners and educators within self-improving adaptive instructional systems(SIAIS).These systems host these agents and support dynamic sessions of engagement workflow.We have developed the never ending open learning adaptive framework(NEOLAF),an LLM-based neuro-symbolic architecture for self-learning AI agents,and the open learning adaptive framework(OLAF),the underlying platform to host the agents,manage agent sessions,and support agent workflows and integration.The NEOLAF and OLAF serve as concrete examples to illustrate the advanced AI implementation approach.We also discuss our proof of concept testing of the NEOLAF agent to develop math problem-solving capabilities and the evaluation test for deployed interactive agent in the learning environment.
文摘Purpose:In Korea,private tutoring is considered a social evil that damages the capacity of public schooling and undermines social justice.Although the government has implemented various policies to reduce private tutoring,ranging from improving the quality of education to providing"quasi-private tutoring"programs and regulating the shadow education market,total spending on private tutoring has continued to increase.This study examines a little noticed but important cause of institutionalized private tutoring in Korea.Design/Approach/Methods:The study employed a socio-ecological perspective to analyze both education and socio-structural factors.An extensive review of the government's private tutoring reduction policies and related literature was conducted.Findings:Private tutoring functions as a means by which parents can help their children compete for admission to prestigious universities and pass on wealth and social status to their children.Participation in private tutoring has become a social norm that is taken for granted.The root causes of institutionalized private tutoring lie in both educational and socio-structural factors.Originality/Nalue:The study suggests that government policies,when ignoring the long-established"grammar"of parents about children's education,may either end in failure or produce unintended consequences.
文摘Purpose:The relationship between private tutoring(PT)and mainstream education is among the complex themes characterizing PT discourses in the literature.This study examined the complications of practices and processes in tutoring and schooling to elucidate different roles played by PT and its relationship with mainstream education.Design/Approach/Methods:This study used qualitative data from a diverse set of 37 PT providers from the State of Maharashtra,India,to delineate their roles and explore their relationship with schooling in this context.Findings:The classification of PT providers roles into complementary,accommodating,competing,and substitutive ones demonstrated a diverse range of relationships between PT and mainstream education.Further analysis showed that these relationships are dynamic in nature,and the boundaries between them are blurred.Originality/Value:Research in the field of PT has been consistently pointing toward a perplexing mixture of positive and negative outcomes resulting from its relationship with mainstream education.This study transcended the positive vis-a-vis negative binary approach by contributing to the deeper understanding of PT relationships.Furthermore,it exemplified how future studies can disentangle the complexities of such relationships by deploying flexible,context-specific theoretical approaches.
