In this paper, dynamics in the oscillations of the relative atomic population in two periodically driven and weakly coupled Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) was qualitatively studied. Using the well-known Melnikov met...In this paper, dynamics in the oscillations of the relative atomic population in two periodically driven and weakly coupled Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) was qualitatively studied. Using the well-known Melnikov method, the conditions of existence of the periodic and chaotic coherent atomic tunnellings were given in the model. Our results indicate the typical route from bifurcation of the limited circles to chaos, and are in agreement with the previous numerical results.展开更多
By quenching the interatomic interactions, we investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates in boxlike traps with power-law potential boundaries. We show that ring dark solitons...By quenching the interatomic interactions, we investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates in boxlike traps with power-law potential boundaries. We show that ring dark solitons can be excited during the quench dynamics for both concave and convex potentials. The quench's modulation strength and the steepness of the boundary are two major factors influencing the system's evolution. In terms of the number of ring dark solitons excited in the condensate, five dynamic regimes have been identified. The condensate undergoes damped radius oscillation in the absence of ring dark soliton excitations. When it comes to the appearance of ring dark solitons, their decay produces interesting structures. The excitation patterns for the concave potential show a nested structure of vortex-antivortex pairs. The dynamic excitation patterns for the convex potential, on the other hand, show richer structures with multiple transport behaviors.展开更多
We propose that the exotic meson tetraquark u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũintroduced in previous papers, may be a pseudo-Goldstone boson having a tetrahedron geometry and symmetry. The transition ...We propose that the exotic meson tetraquark u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũintroduced in previous papers, may be a pseudo-Goldstone boson having a tetrahedron geometry and symmetry. The transition from the neutral pion superposition of two free mesons, d<sub>d</sub>~</sup> and uũ, to the tetrahedron geometry with optional two chiral states may be the symmetry breaking of the QCD ground state. The u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũtetrahedron mass may be calculated by measuring the β decay rate variability. We assume that electrons and positrons are composite particle exotic tetraquarks, dũd<sub>d</sub>~</sup> for the electrons and u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>d<sub>d</sub>~</sup> for the positrons and confined by the strong force. We propose that the QCD tetrahedrons play a central role in electron pairing mechanism in both chemical bond forming and superconductor Cooper pairs. We propose a hypothesis where the QCD ground state tetrahedrons play a central role in low energy physics where quark exchange reactions between particles and the QCD tetrahedrons via gluon junctions transfer all the forces. The QCD ground state u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũtetrahedrons hypothesis provides a symmetry breaking and a mass gap may be created by the ground state QCD tetrahedrons Bose-Einstein condensate.展开更多
Based on Bose-Einstein condensation at minimized momentum state, we get the expressions for the critical temperature and condensed fraction of Bose-Einstein condensation （BEC） in an external potential in the three-d...Based on Bose-Einstein condensation at minimized momentum state, we get the expressions for the critical temperature and condensed fraction of Bose-Einstein condensation （BEC） in an external potential in the three-dimensional （3D） case. For the 1D and 2D cases, we present not only the critical temperature and corresponding particles but also the condition of BEC occurrence.展开更多
文摘In this paper, dynamics in the oscillations of the relative atomic population in two periodically driven and weakly coupled Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) was qualitatively studied. Using the well-known Melnikov method, the conditions of existence of the periodic and chaotic coherent atomic tunnellings were given in the model. Our results indicate the typical route from bifurcation of the limited circles to chaos, and are in agreement with the previous numerical results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12175180, 11934015, and 11775178)the Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science of Shaanxi Province (Grant Nos. 2017KCT-12 and 2017ZDJC-32)the Double First-Class University Construction Project of Northwest University。
文摘By quenching the interatomic interactions, we investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates in boxlike traps with power-law potential boundaries. We show that ring dark solitons can be excited during the quench dynamics for both concave and convex potentials. The quench's modulation strength and the steepness of the boundary are two major factors influencing the system's evolution. In terms of the number of ring dark solitons excited in the condensate, five dynamic regimes have been identified. The condensate undergoes damped radius oscillation in the absence of ring dark soliton excitations. When it comes to the appearance of ring dark solitons, their decay produces interesting structures. The excitation patterns for the concave potential show a nested structure of vortex-antivortex pairs. The dynamic excitation patterns for the convex potential, on the other hand, show richer structures with multiple transport behaviors.
文摘We propose that the exotic meson tetraquark u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũintroduced in previous papers, may be a pseudo-Goldstone boson having a tetrahedron geometry and symmetry. The transition from the neutral pion superposition of two free mesons, d<sub>d</sub>~</sup> and uũ, to the tetrahedron geometry with optional two chiral states may be the symmetry breaking of the QCD ground state. The u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũtetrahedron mass may be calculated by measuring the β decay rate variability. We assume that electrons and positrons are composite particle exotic tetraquarks, dũd<sub>d</sub>~</sup> for the electrons and u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>d<sub>d</sub>~</sup> for the positrons and confined by the strong force. We propose that the QCD tetrahedrons play a central role in electron pairing mechanism in both chemical bond forming and superconductor Cooper pairs. We propose a hypothesis where the QCD ground state tetrahedrons play a central role in low energy physics where quark exchange reactions between particles and the QCD tetrahedrons via gluon junctions transfer all the forces. The QCD ground state u<sub>d</sub>~</sup>dũtetrahedrons hypothesis provides a symmetry breaking and a mass gap may be created by the ground state QCD tetrahedrons Bose-Einstein condensate.
文摘Based on Bose-Einstein condensation at minimized momentum state, we get the expressions for the critical temperature and condensed fraction of Bose-Einstein condensation （BEC） in an external potential in the three-dimensional （3D） case. For the 1D and 2D cases, we present not only the critical temperature and corresponding particles but also the condition of BEC occurrence.
