Optical encryption of multiple three-dimensional objects based on multiple interferences and single-pixel digital holography

We present an optical encryption method of multiple three-dimensional objects based on multiple interferences and single-pixel digital holography. By modifying the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the interference of the multiple objects beams and the one reference beam is used to simultaneously encrypt multiple objects into a ciphertext. During decryption, each three-dimensional object can be decrypted independently without having to decrypt other objects. Since the single- pixel digital holography based on compressive sensing theory is introduced, the encrypted data of this method is effectively reduced. In addition, recording fewer encrypted data can greatly reduce the bandwidth of network transmission. Moreover, the compressive sensing essentially serves as a secret key that makes an intruder attack invalid, which means that the system is more secure than the conventional encryption method. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method and show that the system has good security performance.

Multi-objective strategy to optimize dithering technique for high-quality three-dimensional shape measurement

Dithering optimization techniques can be divided into the phase-optimized technique and the intensity-optimized technique. The problem with the former is the poor sensitivity to various defocusing amounts, and the problem with the latter is that it cannot enhance phase quality directly nor efficiently. In this paper, we present a multi-objective optimization framework for three-dimensional(3D) measurement by utilizing binary defocusing technique. Moreover, a binary patch optimization technique is used to solve the time-consuming issue of genetic algorithm. It is demonstrated that the presented technique consistently obtains significant phase performance improvement under various defocusing amounts.

Analysis of Object Depth Effects on Accuracy of Dimensional Shape in X and Y Directions Using Single Non-metric Image

一般来说，重建大楼的精确形状，我们为每座大楼需要至少一个立体声模型(二张相片) 。然而，在大多数情况中，仅仅一张单个非公制的相片是可得到的，它是由一个业余运动员的通常获得的任何一个，例如一个旅游者，或从一份报纸或一张明信片。从一幅单个非公制的图象评估 3D 重建的有效性，当这被认为是，这研究借助于模拟法用一幅单个非公制的图象在 X 和 Y 方向在维的形状的精确性上分析目标深度的效果在大多数情况中，在记录并且记录大楼的数据收集的主要来源。

A Robust Optical Encryption Method for Three-Dimensional Object Based on the Fresnel Transform

An optical encryption of three-dimensional (3D) object with digital holography was implemented. In the process of encryption, two holograms involved recording key information and 3D object were obtained. In the process of decryption, the 3D object was reconstructed from the two holograms by extracting the object and key information, followed by multiplication of the two holograms and inverse Fresnel transform numerically. The robustness of the method was also tested for different occlusions attacks and Gaussian noises. The results showed that the method was able to encrypt and decrypt the 3D object while being robust under different occlusions attacks and Gaussian noises.

Myvoxel R-CNN:基于体素的三维点云目标检测模型

围绕目前三维点云目标检测中存在的特征提取不充分、困难(Hard)目标检测准确率低、模型泛化能力有待提高等问题,提出了一种新的单模态三维点云目标检测模型Myvoxel R-CNN,该模型由3个主要模块组成,分别是3D主干网络、2D鸟瞰区域建议网络(2D主干网络+区域建议网络(RPN))以及检测头,在3D主干网络中添加了多头自注意力模块和基于稀疏卷积的残差块,增强了3D主干网络的体素特征学习能力,捕获了更多数据和特征内部的相关性.设计了一个由注意力融合模块组成的2D主干网络,增加了原模型对2D特征的关注度.为了进一步增加所提出模型的泛化性,引入了一种新的数据增强方案——随机局部金字塔数据增强方法,以形状感知的方式生成增强对象样本.在KITTI数据集上,本模型对汽车Hard级别的检测精度AP 3D提升了约2.23%,此外简单(Easy)和中等(Moderate)类别分别提高了约0.60%和0.62%,对行人Easy级别的检测精度AP 3D、AP BEV分别提升了约0.62%和0.86%,Hard级别的AP 3D、AP BEV分别提升了约1.45%和1.53%,实验结果表明,Myvoxel R-CNN在KITTI数据集上的表现优于其他方法.

基于多目标均衡优化的2PRU&1PRS-XY型混联机器人尺度设计方法

面向复杂结构件机器人加工装备设计需求,提出一种2PRU&1PRS-XY型混联机器人。为将该混联机器人应用于高性能机械加工任务,在其工作空间、运动/力传递性以及灵巧度分析的基础上,定义了用于工作全域性能评价的传递稳定性指标与精度差异性指标,提出了一种基于多目标均衡优化思想的尺度设计方法。该方法采用标准化方法简化多参数设计空间,应用响应面法与主成分分析法提高优化求解效率,结合主客观组合赋权法与基于TOPSIS的Pareto前沿法实现多指标综合性能评分。运用所提方法,得到了4种兼顾优化求解效率和多目标均衡优化的尺度参数设计方案,实现了2PRU&1PRS-XY型混联机器人主要尺度参数的优化设计,为设计者提供了具有不同工程设计倾向的多目标均衡决策参考。

Numerical study on three-dimensional flow field of continuously rotating detonation in a toroidal chamber

Gaseous detonation propagating in a toroidal chamber was numerically studied for hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures. The numerical method used is based on the three-dimensional Euler equations with detailed finiterate chemistry. The results show that the calculated streak picture is in qualitative agreement with the picture recorded by a high speed streak camera from published literature. The three-dimensional flow field induced by a continuously rotating detonation was visualized and distinctive features of the rotating detonations were clearly depicted. Owing to the unconfined character of detonation wavelet, a deficit of detonation parameters was observed. Due to the effects of wall geometries, the strength of the outside detonation front is stronger than that of the inside portion. The detonation thus propagates with a constant circular velocity. Numerical simulation also shows three-dimensional rotating detonation structures, which display specific feature of the detonation- shock combined wave. Discrete burning gas pockets are formed due to instability of the discontinuity. It is believed that the present study could give an insight into the interest- ing properties of the continuously rotating detonation, and is thus beneficial to the design of continuous detonation propulsion systems.

Infinite Three-Dimensional Coordination Polymers: Synthesis and Structures of [Cd (4,4'-bpy)_2 (H_2O)_2]_n (pic)_(2n),[Zn (4,4'-bpy)_2 (H_2O)_2]_n(pic)_(2n) (H_2O)_(2n), and [Zn (4,4'-bpy)_2 (H_2O)_2]_n (4,4'-bpy)_n(H_2O)_n (pic)_(2n)

Three Complexes of the formula [Cd (4,4'-bpy)_2 (H_2O)_2]_n. (pic)_(2n) (1) [Zn (4,4'-bpy)_2 (H_2O)]_n (4,4'-bpy)_n(H_2O)_n (pic)-(2n) (2) and [Zn (4,4'-bpy)_2 (H_2O)]_n (4,4'-bpy)_n (pic)-(2n)(H_2O)_n (3) (4.4'-bpy = 4.4'-bipyridine. pic = picric anion ) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal x-ray diffraction. They all have infinite three-dimensional network structure. crystallizing in the monoclinic space group C2/c (1) and Cc (2.3).

Study of Complex Nitrogen and Oxygen-bearing Molecules toward the High-mass Protostar IRAS 18089–1732

The observation of oxygen(O)-and nitrogen(N)-bearing molecules gives an idea about the complex prebiotic chemistry in the interstellar medium.Recent millimeter and submillimeter wavelength observations have shown the presence of complex O-and N-bearing molecules in the star formation regions.So,the investigation of those molecules is crucial to understanding the chemical complexity in the star-forming regions.In this article,we present the identification of the rotational emission lines of N-bearing molecules ethyl cyanide(C_(2)H_(5)CN)and cyanoacetylene(HC_(3)N),and O-bearing molecule methyl formate(CH_(3)OCHO)toward high-mass protostar IRAS18089–1732 using the Atacama Compact Array.We also detected the emission lines of both the N-and O-bearing molecule formamide(NH_(2)CHO)in the envelope of IRAS 18089–1732.We have detected the v=0 and 1 state rotational emission lines of CH_(3)OCHO.We also detected the two vibrationally excited states of HC_(3)N(v7=1 and v7=2).The estimated fractional abundances of C_(2)H_(5)CN,HC_(3)N(v7=1),HC_(3)N(v7=2),and NH_(2)CHO toward IRAS 18089–1732 are(1.40±0.5)×10^(-10),(7.5±0.7)×10^(-11),(3.1±0.4)×10^(-11),and(6.25±0.82)×10^(-11)respectively.Similarly,the estimated fractional abundances of CH_(3)OCHO(v=0)and CH_(3)OCHO(v=1)are(1.90±0.9)×10^(-9)and(8.90±0.8)×10^(-10),respectively.We also created the integrated emission maps of the detected molecules,and the observed molecules may have originated from the extended envelope of the protostar.We show that C_(2)H_(5)CNand HC_(3)N are most probably formed via the subsequential hydrogenation of the CH_(2)CHCNand the reaction between C_(2)H_(2)and CN on the grain surface of IRAS 18089–1732.We found that NH_(2)CHO is probably produced due to the reaction between NH_(2)and H_(2)CO in the gas phase.Similarly,CH_(3)OCHO is possibly created via the reaction between radical CH_(3)O and radical HCO on the grain surface of IRAS 18089–1732.

3-Dimensional Body Measurement Technology

3 - dimensional body measurement technology, the basis of developing high technology in industry, accelerates digital development of aplparel industry. This paper briefly introduces the history of 3 - dimensional body measurement technology, and recounts the principle and primary structure of some types of 3 - dimensional automatic body measurement system. With this understanding, it discusses prospect of 3- dimensional CAD and virtual technology used in apparel industry.

Gamma-ray Emission from the γ-ray-loud BL Lac Objects

Using the HST observation data of BL Lac objects by Urry et al. and γ-ray observation data, we find that there is a correlation between Fγ and Fonuclei forγ-ray-loud BL Lac objects (correlation coefficients: 7γ=0.63,p = 4.0 × 10-2), but no correlation between Fγ and Fohost, where Fonuclei and Fohost are the fluxes of nuclei and host galaxy in V-band. For 19γ-ray-loud BL Lac objects with observed spectral index in multi-wavebands, the spectral index correlations between any two bands are as follow: (1) there is a strong correlation between aγ and aK for 15 BL Lac objects(γ = 0.84,p = 3.11 × 10-4); (2) the correlation between aγ and ao for 12 BL Lac objects isγ = 0.82, p = 1.5 × 10-3; (3) there is no correlation between a7 and ax for 16 BL Lac objects. The results, together with characteristic double-humped shape of their SEDs, show that the synchrotron self-Compton mechanism might be a main mechanism for theγ-ray emission of the BL Lac objects. The electrons emitting JR and optical radiation via synchrotron are also responsible for upscattering these photons toγ-rays, and a variability in IR-optical regime should be accompanied by a change in theγ-rays.

A Study of the Energy Sources of Herbig-Haro Objects

We make a statistical study of the energy sources of high-velocity phenomena, Herbig-Haro (HH) objects. IRAS counterparts of HH objects are identified. Their colors, brightness, geometric relation to the RH objects and SED are analysed. The sources are found to be concentrated in a band-shaped region in the IRAS color-color diagram. We suggest an explanation of thick surrounding material for this distribution. We propose a new method for identifying the energy sources based on color arid brightness. This method is applied to more than 200 HR objects whose energy sources are still unknown. Finally, a group of very young stellar object candidates which have similar properties to the RH energy sources is picked out. Their large-scale distribution is discussed.

PVS-CNN:子流稀疏卷积优化的Point-Voxel CNN

针对经典的三维卷积网络在模型较大的场景上分割和检测的效率低和内存占用大的问题,提出PVS-CNN网络框架,通过更新哈希表和特征稀疏矩阵的方式实现了效率高且占用低的三维卷积,引用子流稀疏卷积改进PV-Conv。将PVS-CNN在ShapeNet和S3DIS数据集上进行评估,实验结果表明,所提出的PVS-CNN比PVCNN快3.6倍,GPU内存占用仅为PVCNN的0.55倍。在目标检测上,与F-PVCNN相比,PVS-CNN在时间效率和检测精度上全面优于F-PVCNN。

Dynamic-YOLOX:复杂背景下的苹果叶片病害检测模型

针对目前苹果叶片数据集的叶片病害种类不全以及图片背景单一等问题,构建了复杂背景下包括苹果叶部六种常见病害的苹果叶片病害数据集。针对目前主流苹果叶片病害检测模型检测精度不高、模型复杂和不满足实时监测等问题,提出了一种基于YOLOX-S(you only look once X-S)改进得到的复杂背景下的苹果叶片病害自适应检测模型Dynamic-YOLOX。设计并使用ECA-SPPFCSPC模块(efficient channel attention cross-stage partial fast spatial pyramid pooling module)更换YOLOX-S模型主干网络尾部Dark5中的空间金字塔池化(SPP)以及跨阶段局部网络(CSPNet)模块来增强模型关注深层语义特征、抑制无用信息的能力,并减少硬件内存开销。设计了动态跨阶段局部网络(ODCSP)模块,并用其更换YOLOX-S模型主干网络中Dark2、Dark3、Dark4部分以及颈部网络中所有的CSPNet模块,使得模型在面对不同输入特征时有更强的自适应性,在减少模型的参数量和计算量的同时提高了模型的平均检测精度。引入Varifocal Loss更换模型中分类置信度损失的BCEWithLogits Loss来提升模型对苹果叶片中密集小目标病害的检测精度。在自制数据集上Dynamic-YOLOX相对原始YOLOX-S模型的mAP提升了4.54个百分点,达到84.63%,同时模型的参数量和计算量分别下降了11.97%和13.45%,检测速度达到44.07 FPS。对比主流苹果叶片病害检测模型,Dynamic-YOLOX具有一定优越性。

PAW-YOLOv7:河道微小漂浮物检测算法

河道漂浮物检测对于船舶自动驾驶以及河道清理有着重大意义,但现有的方法在针对河道漂浮物目标尺寸小且互相遮挡、特征信息少时出现检测精度低等问题。为解决这些问题,本文基于YOLOv7,提出了一种改进模型PAWYOLOv7。首先,为了提高网络模型对小目标的特征表达能力,构建了小目标物体检测层,并将自注意力和卷积混合模块(ACmix)集成应用于新构建的小目标检测层;其次,为了减少复杂背景的干扰,采用全维动态卷积(ODConv)代替颈部的卷积模块,使网络具有捕获全局上下文信息能力;最后,将PConv(partial convolution)模块融入主干网络,替换部分标准卷积,同时采用WIoU(Wise-IoU)损失函数取代CIoU,实现网络模型计算量的降低,提高网络检测速度,同时增加对低质量锚框的聚焦能力,加快模型收敛速度。实验结果表明,PAW-YOLOv7算法在本文利用数据扩展技术改进的FloW-Img数据集上的检测精度达到89.7%,较原YOLOv7提升了9.8%,且检测速度达到54帧/秒(FPS),在自建的稀疏漂浮物数据集上的检测精度比YOLOv7提高了3.7%,能快速准确地检测河道微小漂浮物,同时也具有较好的实时检测性能。

Researches on Cartographic Database-Based Interactive Three-Dimensional Topographic Map

With the development of computer graphics, the three-dimensional (3D) visualization brings new technological revolution to the traditional cartography. Therefore, the topographic 3D-map emerges to adapt to this technological revolution, and the applications of topographic 3D-map are spread rapidly to other relevant fields due to its incomparable advantage. The researches on digital map and the construction of map database offer strong technical support and abundant data source for this new technology, so the research and development of topographic 3D-map will receive greater concern. The basic data of the topographic 3D-map are rooted mainly in digital map and its basic model is derived from digital elevation model (DEM) and 3D-models of other DEM-based geographic features. In view of the potential enormous data and the complexity of geographic features, the dynamic representation of geographic information becomes the focus of the research of topographic 3D-map and also the prerequisite condition of 3D query and analysis. In addition to the equipment of hardware that are restraining, to a certain extent, the 3D representation, the data organization structure of geographic information will be the core problem of research on 3D-map. Level of detail (LOD), space partitioning, dynamic object loading (DOL) and object culling are core technologies of the dynamic 3D representation. The object- selection, attribute-query and model-editing are important functions and interaction tools for users with 3D-maps provided by topographic 3D-map system, all of which are based on the data structure of the 3D-model. This paper discusses the basic theories, concepts and cardinal principles of topographic 3D-map, expounds the basic way to organize the scene hierarchy of topographic 3D-map based on the node mechanism and studies the dynamic representation technologies of topographic 3D-map based on LOD, space partitioning, DOL and object culling. Moreover, such interactive operation functions are explored, in this paper, as spatial query, scene editing and management of topographic 3D-map. Finally, this paper describes briefly the applications of topographic 3D-map in its related fields.

Selection Method of Multi-Objective Problems Using Genetic Algorithm in Motion Plan of AUV

To research the effect of the selection method of multi-objects genetic algorithm problem on optimizing result, thismethod is analyzed theoretically and discussed by using an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) as an object. A changingweight vtlue method is put forward and a selection formula is modified. Some experiments were implemented on an AUV.TwinBurger. The results shows that this method is effective and feasible.

Discovery of a variable broad absorption line in the BL Lac object PKS B0138-097

We report the discovery of a broad absorption line （BAL） of - 10^4 km s^-1 in width in the previously known BL Lac object PKS 0138-097, which we tentatively identified as an Mg II BAL. This is the first detection of a BAL, which is sometimes seen in powerful quasars with high accretion rates, in a BL Lac object. The BAL was clearly detected in its spectra spanning two epochs at a high luminosity state taken in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey （SDSS）, while it disappeared in three SDSS spectra taken at a low luminosity state. The BAL and its variability pattern were also found in its historical multi-epoch spectra in the literature, but have been overlooked previously. In its high resolution radio maps, PKS 0138-097 shows a core plus a one- sided parsec-scale jet. The BAL variability can be interpreted as follows： The optical emission is dominated by the core in a high state and by the jet in a low state and the BAL material is located between the core and jet so that the BAL appears only when the core is shining. Our discovery suggests that outflows may also be produced in active galactic nuclei at a low accreting state.