Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investi...Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S.nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older.Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.Body fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past week.After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes.When stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently active.In the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.Conclusion:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S.adults.The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.展开更多
This research develops a comprehensive method to solve a combinatorial problem consisting of distribution system reconfiguration, capacitor allocation, and renewable energy resources sizing and siting simultaneously a...This research develops a comprehensive method to solve a combinatorial problem consisting of distribution system reconfiguration, capacitor allocation, and renewable energy resources sizing and siting simultaneously and to improve power system's accountability and system performance parameters. Due to finding solution which is closer to realistic characteristics, load forecasting, market price errors and the uncertainties related to the variable output power of wind based DG units are put in consideration. This work employs NSGA-II accompanied by the fuzzy set theory to solve the aforementioned multi-objective problem. The proposed scheme finally leads to a solution with a minimum voltage deviation, a maximum voltage stability, lower amount of pollutant and lower cost. The cost includes the installation costs of new equipment, reconfiguration costs, power loss cost, reliability cost, cost of energy purchased from power market, upgrade costs of lines and operation and maintenance costs of DGs. Therefore, the proposed methodology improves power quality, reliability and security in lower costs besides its preserve, with the operational indices of power distribution networks in acceptable level. To validate the proposed methodology's usefulness, it was applied on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system then the outcomes were compared with initial configuration.展开更多
Do you spend many hours of the day siting?When you sit,you use less energy than you do when you are active.Siting toomuch hurts yourback,and it's bad for your heart it causes you to gain weight and may even increa...Do you spend many hours of the day siting?When you sit,you use less energy than you do when you are active.Siting toomuch hurts yourback,and it's bad for your heart it causes you to gain weight and may even increase your risk of cancer.How can you avoid siting too much?Every 30minutes,move and stretch.Better on thephone orwatch TV.展开更多
The elderly who is confined to bed or demented may choke if their cerebrum is not sufficiently aroused while eating. Therefore, this study focused on determining if hygienic care of the hands and fingers would have a ...The elderly who is confined to bed or demented may choke if their cerebrum is not sufficiently aroused while eating. Therefore, this study focused on determining if hygienic care of the hands and fingers would have a biologically stimulative effect and on verifying whether using a warm cloth or warm water was more effective for cerebral activation. The results suggest that when assisting the elderly in washing their hands, from the perspective of cerebral activation, using warm water is better than using a warm cloth.展开更多
Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity(PA)interrupting prolonged sitting(PS)on postprandial glycemia and insulin responses among adults.Methods:PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Web o...Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity(PA)interrupting prolonged sitting(PS)on postprandial glycemia and insulin responses among adults.Methods:PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CINAHL,PsycINFO,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched through September 30,2020.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that examined the effect of all forms of PA interrupting PS on postprandial glycemia and/or insulin responses among adults without chronic diseases were included in this study.The risk of bias of included studies was evaluated based on the Cochrane tool.A network meta-analysis was performed to estimate the summary standardized mean differences(SMDs)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)with random effects.Results:Thirty crossover RCTs were included in our review.These RCTs included 9 types of interventions that interrupted PS.When compared to PS by itself,light-intensity PA intermittent interrupting(LPA-INT)PS and moderate-intensity PA intermittent interrupting(MPA-INT)PS significantly lowered postprandial glycemia(SMD=-0.46,95%CI:-0.70 to-0.21;SMD=-0.69,95%CI:-1.00 to-0.37,respectively)and significantly reduced postprandial insulin response(SMD=-0.46,95%CI:-0.66 to-0.26;SMD=-0.47,95%CI:-0.77 to-0.17,respectively).Results of the clustered ranking plot indicated that MPA-INT was the most effective intervention in lowering postprandial glycemia and insulin responses.Conclusion:Replacing PS with MPA-INT or LPA-INT has a positive effect in reducing postprandial glycemia and insulin responses,with MPA-INT being the optimal intervention strategy.展开更多
<b>Introduction:</b> Left-sided acute appendicitis (LSAA) develops in association with two types of congenital anomalies: situs inversus totalis (SIT) and midgut malrotation (MM). A Left sided appendicitis...<b>Introduction:</b> Left-sided acute appendicitis (LSAA) develops in association with two types of congenital anomalies: situs inversus totalis (SIT) and midgut malrotation (MM). A Left sided appendicitis is an ambiguous and difficult diagnosis to make. <b>Aim: </b>To present a proven case of left-sided acute appendicitis (LSAA) associated with situs inversus totalis (SIT). <b>Case</b> <b>Report:</b> A case of Left appendicitis was evaluated in a 28-year-old Asian male, who presented to our hospital in Feb. 2016, with lower abdominal pain more on left side and suspected diverticulitis or acute appendicitis with unusual appendix location. The patient doesn’t recall any history of abdominal surgery or about situs inversus totalis, abdominal and pelvic ultrasound was done, left iliac fossa appendicitis was diagnosed, Erect chest X-ray including upper abdomen revealed dextrocardia and stomach air on right side (situs inversus totalis), the patient underwent diagnostic Laproscop and Endoscopic resection of the appendix, with no incidents, and then discharged without complications, follow visits went unremarkable. <b>Conclusion: </b>The diagnosis of left lower quadrant pain is based on well-established clinical symptoms, physical examination and physician’s experience.展开更多
Purpose:This quasi-experimental study examined the impact of height-adjustable desks in combination with prompts to break up prolonged sitting time during class time and identified social and motivational factors asso...Purpose:This quasi-experimental study examined the impact of height-adjustable desks in combination with prompts to break up prolonged sitting time during class time and identified social and motivational factors associated with breaking up sitting time among adolescents.Teachers’perceptions of strategies were also examined.Methods:Over 17 weeks,1 classroom in a government secondary school in Melbourne,Australia,was equipped with 27 height-adjustable desks and prompts(posters and desk stickers)to break up classroom sitting time.Teachers received professional development in the use of the desks and prompts.One group of adolescents(n=55)had 2-5 lessons/week using the height-adjustable desks in an intervention classroom,and a comparison group matched by year level and subject(n=50)was taught in traditional“seated”classrooms.Adolescents wore an activPAL monitor at baseline(T0),4 weeks(T1),and 17 weeks(T2)and completed a survey at T0 and T2.Six teachers participated in interviews at T2.Effect sizes were calculated(d).Results:Linear mixed models found that,compared to the traditional“seated”classrooms,the adolescents in the intervention classroom had significantly lower sitting time(T1:-9.7 min/lesson,d=-0.96;T2:-6.7 min/lesson,d=-0.70)and time spent in sitting bouts>15 min(T2:-11.2 min/lesson,d=-0.62),and had significantly higher standing time(T1:7.3 min/lesson,d=0.84;T2:5.8 min/lesson,d=0.91),number of breaks from sitting(T1:1.3 breaks/lesson,d=0.49;T2:1.8 breaks/lesson,d=0.67),and stepping time(T1:2.5 min/lesson,d=0.66).Intervention classroom adolescents reported greater habit strength(d=0.58),self-efficacy for breaking up sitting time(d=0.75),and indicated that having a teacher/classmate remind them to stand as helpful(d=0.50).Conclusion:This intervention shows promise for targeting sitting behaviors in the classroom and indicates that incorporating social and motivational strategies may further enhance outcomes.展开更多
Objective: To observe the effect of lumbar spinal point injection on sitting function in children with cerebral palsy. Method: Sixty-two children with post-confirmed cerebral palsy were randomly divided into control g...Objective: To observe the effect of lumbar spinal point injection on sitting function in children with cerebral palsy. Method: Sixty-two children with post-confirmed cerebral palsy were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 31 each. The control group was given conventional rehabilitation treatment, and the treatment group was given lumbar chiropspinal acupoint injection on the basis of the treatment method of the control group. After 3 consecutive courses of treatment, the sitting score of the two groups before and after treatment (GMFM88) was used to evaluate the sitting score before and after treatment. Outcome: Before treatment, the two groups were evaluated and the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), which was comparable. The two groups (GMFM88) after treatment had significantly increased the differential values, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the same group before treatment (p Conclusion: Conventional rehabilitation combined with lumbar spinal point injection can effectively improve the sitting motor function of children with cerebral palsy.展开更多
文摘Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S.nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older.Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.Body fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past week.After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes.When stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently active.In the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.Conclusion:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S.adults.The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.
文摘This research develops a comprehensive method to solve a combinatorial problem consisting of distribution system reconfiguration, capacitor allocation, and renewable energy resources sizing and siting simultaneously and to improve power system's accountability and system performance parameters. Due to finding solution which is closer to realistic characteristics, load forecasting, market price errors and the uncertainties related to the variable output power of wind based DG units are put in consideration. This work employs NSGA-II accompanied by the fuzzy set theory to solve the aforementioned multi-objective problem. The proposed scheme finally leads to a solution with a minimum voltage deviation, a maximum voltage stability, lower amount of pollutant and lower cost. The cost includes the installation costs of new equipment, reconfiguration costs, power loss cost, reliability cost, cost of energy purchased from power market, upgrade costs of lines and operation and maintenance costs of DGs. Therefore, the proposed methodology improves power quality, reliability and security in lower costs besides its preserve, with the operational indices of power distribution networks in acceptable level. To validate the proposed methodology's usefulness, it was applied on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system then the outcomes were compared with initial configuration.
文摘Do you spend many hours of the day siting?When you sit,you use less energy than you do when you are active.Siting toomuch hurts yourback,and it's bad for your heart it causes you to gain weight and may even increase your risk of cancer.How can you avoid siting too much?Every 30minutes,move and stretch.Better on thephone orwatch TV.
文摘The elderly who is confined to bed or demented may choke if their cerebrum is not sufficiently aroused while eating. Therefore, this study focused on determining if hygienic care of the hands and fingers would have a biologically stimulative effect and on verifying whether using a warm cloth or warm water was more effective for cerebral activation. The results suggest that when assisting the elderly in washing their hands, from the perspective of cerebral activation, using warm water is better than using a warm cloth.
基金supported by grants to MQ from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFC2003301 and 2020YFC2007005)National Natural Science Foundation of China (81703252)+1 种基金Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology of China(19080503000)HW from the Public Welfare Technology Project of the Zhejiang Science Department(LGF18H170006)
文摘Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity(PA)interrupting prolonged sitting(PS)on postprandial glycemia and insulin responses among adults.Methods:PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CINAHL,PsycINFO,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched through September 30,2020.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that examined the effect of all forms of PA interrupting PS on postprandial glycemia and/or insulin responses among adults without chronic diseases were included in this study.The risk of bias of included studies was evaluated based on the Cochrane tool.A network meta-analysis was performed to estimate the summary standardized mean differences(SMDs)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)with random effects.Results:Thirty crossover RCTs were included in our review.These RCTs included 9 types of interventions that interrupted PS.When compared to PS by itself,light-intensity PA intermittent interrupting(LPA-INT)PS and moderate-intensity PA intermittent interrupting(MPA-INT)PS significantly lowered postprandial glycemia(SMD=-0.46,95%CI:-0.70 to-0.21;SMD=-0.69,95%CI:-1.00 to-0.37,respectively)and significantly reduced postprandial insulin response(SMD=-0.46,95%CI:-0.66 to-0.26;SMD=-0.47,95%CI:-0.77 to-0.17,respectively).Results of the clustered ranking plot indicated that MPA-INT was the most effective intervention in lowering postprandial glycemia and insulin responses.Conclusion:Replacing PS with MPA-INT or LPA-INT has a positive effect in reducing postprandial glycemia and insulin responses,with MPA-INT being the optimal intervention strategy.
文摘<b>Introduction:</b> Left-sided acute appendicitis (LSAA) develops in association with two types of congenital anomalies: situs inversus totalis (SIT) and midgut malrotation (MM). A Left sided appendicitis is an ambiguous and difficult diagnosis to make. <b>Aim: </b>To present a proven case of left-sided acute appendicitis (LSAA) associated with situs inversus totalis (SIT). <b>Case</b> <b>Report:</b> A case of Left appendicitis was evaluated in a 28-year-old Asian male, who presented to our hospital in Feb. 2016, with lower abdominal pain more on left side and suspected diverticulitis or acute appendicitis with unusual appendix location. The patient doesn’t recall any history of abdominal surgery or about situs inversus totalis, abdominal and pelvic ultrasound was done, left iliac fossa appendicitis was diagnosed, Erect chest X-ray including upper abdomen revealed dextrocardia and stomach air on right side (situs inversus totalis), the patient underwent diagnostic Laproscop and Endoscopic resection of the appendix, with no incidents, and then discharged without complications, follow visits went unremarkable. <b>Conclusion: </b>The diagnosis of left lower quadrant pain is based on well-established clinical symptoms, physical examination and physician’s experience.
基金This study has received a seed funding from Deakin University’s School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences(2015)BS was supported by funding from a National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)Centre of Research Excellence(APP1057608)+2 种基金AMCA was supported by a Deakin University Postgraduate Research Scholarship(DUPRS).AT was supported by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Future Leader Fellowship award(Award ID 100046)during this studyDWD is supported by an NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship(APP1078360)and by the Victorian Government’s Operational Infrastructure Support ProgramLA is supported by an Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowship.JS was supported by an NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship(APP1026216)during this research.The authors are grateful to the principal,teachers,and adolescents for their participation in this study。
文摘Purpose:This quasi-experimental study examined the impact of height-adjustable desks in combination with prompts to break up prolonged sitting time during class time and identified social and motivational factors associated with breaking up sitting time among adolescents.Teachers’perceptions of strategies were also examined.Methods:Over 17 weeks,1 classroom in a government secondary school in Melbourne,Australia,was equipped with 27 height-adjustable desks and prompts(posters and desk stickers)to break up classroom sitting time.Teachers received professional development in the use of the desks and prompts.One group of adolescents(n=55)had 2-5 lessons/week using the height-adjustable desks in an intervention classroom,and a comparison group matched by year level and subject(n=50)was taught in traditional“seated”classrooms.Adolescents wore an activPAL monitor at baseline(T0),4 weeks(T1),and 17 weeks(T2)and completed a survey at T0 and T2.Six teachers participated in interviews at T2.Effect sizes were calculated(d).Results:Linear mixed models found that,compared to the traditional“seated”classrooms,the adolescents in the intervention classroom had significantly lower sitting time(T1:-9.7 min/lesson,d=-0.96;T2:-6.7 min/lesson,d=-0.70)and time spent in sitting bouts>15 min(T2:-11.2 min/lesson,d=-0.62),and had significantly higher standing time(T1:7.3 min/lesson,d=0.84;T2:5.8 min/lesson,d=0.91),number of breaks from sitting(T1:1.3 breaks/lesson,d=0.49;T2:1.8 breaks/lesson,d=0.67),and stepping time(T1:2.5 min/lesson,d=0.66).Intervention classroom adolescents reported greater habit strength(d=0.58),self-efficacy for breaking up sitting time(d=0.75),and indicated that having a teacher/classmate remind them to stand as helpful(d=0.50).Conclusion:This intervention shows promise for targeting sitting behaviors in the classroom and indicates that incorporating social and motivational strategies may further enhance outcomes.
文摘Objective: To observe the effect of lumbar spinal point injection on sitting function in children with cerebral palsy. Method: Sixty-two children with post-confirmed cerebral palsy were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 31 each. The control group was given conventional rehabilitation treatment, and the treatment group was given lumbar chiropspinal acupoint injection on the basis of the treatment method of the control group. After 3 consecutive courses of treatment, the sitting score of the two groups before and after treatment (GMFM88) was used to evaluate the sitting score before and after treatment. Outcome: Before treatment, the two groups were evaluated and the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), which was comparable. The two groups (GMFM88) after treatment had significantly increased the differential values, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the same group before treatment (p Conclusion: Conventional rehabilitation combined with lumbar spinal point injection can effectively improve the sitting motor function of children with cerebral palsy.
