LARGE EDDY SIMULATION AND SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF FLOW AROUND TWO SQUARE CYLINDERS ARRANGED SIDE BY SIDE

Large eddy simulation cooperated with the second order full extension ETG(Euler-Taylor-Galerkin) finite element method was applied to simulate the flow around two square cylinders arranged side by side at a spacing ratio of (1.5.) The second order full extension ETG finite element method was developed by Wang and He. By means of Taylor expansion of terms containing time derivative, time derivative is replaced by space derivative. The function of it is equal to introducing an artificial viscosity term. The streamlines of the flow at different moments were obtained. The time history of drag coefficient, lift coefficient and the streamwise velocity on the symmetrical points were presented. Furthermore, the symmetrical problem of the frequency spectrum of flow around two square cylinders arranged side by side were studied by using the spectral analysis technology. The data obtained at the initial stage are excluded in order to avoid the influence of initial condition on the results. The power spectrums of drag coefficient, lift coefficient, the streamwise velocity on the symmetrical points were analyzed respectively. The results show that although the time domain process of dynamic parameters is non-symmetrical, the frequency domain process of them is symmetrical under the symmetrical boundary conditions.

NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF THE FLOW AROUND TWO SQUARE CYLINDERS ARRANGED SIDE-BY-SIDE

The numerical method is used to calculate the flow around two square cylinders arranged side-by-side and the mean and fluctuating aerodynamic forces, and Strouhal numbers and power spectrum of lift force and drag force are obtained. An improved MAC method proposed by Chen Suqin et al.,which uses three order upwind scheme to discretize the convection term and uses multigrid method to solve the Poisson equation for pressure is applied to simulate the flow around two square cylinders arranged side-by-side. Results show that the interference characteristic of two square cylinders arranged side-by-side is completely different with the different spacing ratio. When the spacing ratio is smaller than a certain critical value, the gap flow between two cylinders is biased to one side in a stable or unstable manner.

Passive Control of Flow-Induced Vibration(FIV)by Helical Strakes for Two Staggered Flexible Cylinders

Helical strake is a widely-used device for passive flow-induced vibration(FIV)control of cylindrical structures.It is omnidirectional and can effectively reduce FIV response amplitude.Studies on the passive FIV control for cylindrical structures are mainly concerned with a single isolated cylinder,while the influence of wake interference between multiple cylinders on FIV suppression devices is less considered up to now.In engineering applications,multiple flexible cylinders with large aspect ratios can be subjected to complex flow forces,and the effects of wake interference are obvious.The FIV suppression effect of helical strake of a common configuration(17.5D pitch and 0.25D height,where D is the cylinder diameter)in two staggered cylinders system is still unknown.This paper systematically studied the FIV response of multiple cylinders system fitted with the helical strakes by model tests.The relative spatial position of the two cylinders is fixed at S=3.0D and T=8.0D,which ensures the cylindrical structures in the flow interference region.The experimental results show that the helical strakes effectively reduce the FIV response on staggered upstream cylinder,and the suppression efficiency is barely affected by the smooth or straked downstream cylinder.The corresponding FIV suppression efficiency on the downstream cylinder is remarkably reduced by the influence of the upstream wake flow.The wake-induced vibration(WIV)phenomenon is not observed on the staggered downstream cylinder,which normally occurs on the downstream straked cylinder in a tandem arrangement.

Wave-Current Forces on Small Square Cylinders (Part I)

-Based on the extended Morison Equation and model tests, the in-line forces on small square cylinders caused by waves (regular and irregular) and currents are analyzed in detail in this paper. The hydrodynamic coefficient CD and Cu related to KC number and the effect of direction of wave incidence are also given, which can be used in engineering practice.

Three-Dimensional Instability of Flow Around Two Circular Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement

The spatial evolution of vortices and transition to three-dimensionality in the wake of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement have been numerically studied. An improved virtual body method developed from the virtual boundary method is used here. A Reynolds number range between 220 and 270 has been considered, and the spacing between two cylinders is selected as L/D=3 and L/D=3.5. When L/D=3, the secondary vortices of Mode-A are seen to appear at Re=240 and persist over the range of the Reynolds number of 240～270. When L/D=3.5, the similar critical Reynolds number has been found at Re=250. No obvious discontinuity has been found in the Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship, and this is different from three-dimensional flow around a single cylinder at the critical Reynolds number. The spanwise wavelength is about four times the diameter of the cylinder, and it is the characteristic wavelength for Mode-A instability. This paper can give some foremost insight into the three-dimensional instability of flow by complicated geometrical configuration.

Two-Dimensional Simulation of the Navier-Stokes Equations for Laminar and Turbulent Flow around a Heated Square Cylinder with Forced Convection

Few studies jointly investigate thermal and turbulent effects. In general, these subjects are treated separately. The purpose of this paper is to use the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) coupled with the Virtual Physical Model (VPM) to investigate incompressible two-dimensional Newtonian flow around a heated square cylinder at constant temperature on its surface with forced convection and turbulence. The VPM model dynamically evaluates the force that the fluid exerts on the immersed surface and the thermal exchange between both in the Reynolds numbers (Re) window 40 ≤ Re ≤ 5×103 . For simulations of turbulence the Smagorinsky and Spalart-Allmaras models are used. The first model uses the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) methodology and is based on the local equilibrium hypothesis for small scales associated with the Boussinesq hypothesis, such that the energy injected into the spectrum of the turbulence balances the energy dissipated by convective effects. The second model uses the concept Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (URANS), with only one transport equation for turbulent viscosity, being calibrated in pressure gradient layers. The goal of this work is to analyse the combination of the heat-transfer phenomena with the turbulence for the thermo-fluid-structure interaction in a square cylinder. For this, it was developed a C/C++ code that requires low computational costs in regards to memory and computer facilities. It is observed that, with the increase of the Reynolds number, an increase of the drag coefficient occurs, as well as reinforces the influence of the pressure distribution downstream of the cylinder, which is strongly influenced by the formation and detachment of vortices on the upper and lower sides of the square cylinder.

三角形排列波浪锥柱绕流流动特性数值分析

采用大涡模拟方法,分析了亚临界雷诺数为3 900时三角形排列波浪锥柱的横流向间距比和顺流向间距比对其升阻力特性、尾流干涉效应及三维流动结构等的影响.结果表明,上游2个波浪锥柱的升阻力特性受下游波浪锥柱影响较小,下游波浪锥柱处于上游双波浪锥柱尾流中,其升阻力特性受横流向间距比和顺流向间距比影响更为显著.3个波浪锥柱间的流动状态可分为邻近干扰、漩涡撞击和涡相互作用状态.在漩涡撞击状态下,上游波浪锥柱尾涡得以发展充分,周期性撞击在下游波浪锥柱表面,从而产生较大的脉动升力.横流向间距比、顺流向间距比分别为3和6时,下游波浪锥柱脉动升力系数较单直圆柱提升了20.93倍.

FLOW PAST TWO ROTATING CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN A SIDE-BY-SIDE ARRANGEMENT

Measurements were performed using Particle Image Velocimetry （PIV） to analyze the modification of flow by the combined effects of the rotation and the Reynolds number on the flow past two rotating circular cylinders in a side-by-side-arrangement at a range of 425 〈 Re ≤ 1130,0 ≤α ≤4 （ α is the rotational speed） at one gap spacing of T / d = 1.11 （T and d are the distance between the centers of two cylinders and the cylinder diameter, respectively）. A new Immersed-Lattice Boltzmann Method （ILBM） scheme was used to study the effect of the gap spacing on the flow. The results show that the vortex shedding is suppressed as rotational speed increases. The flow reaches a steady state when the vortex shedding for both cylinders is completely suppressed at critical rotational speed. As the rotational speed further increases, the separation phenomenon in the boundary layers disappears at the attachment rotational speed. The critical rotational speed and attachment rotational speed become small as Reynolds number increases. The absolute rotational speed of cylinders should be large at same critical rotational speed and attachment rotational speed in the case of large Reynolds number. The gap spacing has an important role in changing the pattern of vortex shedding. It is very different in the mechanism of vortex shedding suppression for the flows around two rotating cylinders and single rotating cylinder.

极板凹凸排布对微流通道流动性能影响研究

目前电解单元极板多采用球凸球凹的组合布置形式,其目的是为了增强通道内部的抗扰动能力,提高流体分布的均匀性。为更深入改进通道内流场分布,采用CFD数值模拟的方法对比了5种不同球凸球凹排布方式内部的流场分布特性。结果表明,5种组合布置形式在入口处均呈涡旋运动的特点,且case A方形扩列在入口处的涡旋运动范围较小;布置的形式会影响流场的分布,在球凹球凸单元间形成连续的低速尾迹区,形成较大的速度梯度;温度场的分布与流体速度分布大体呈负相关;所有通道均有速度分量uw的负速度区域,其对应湍流动能较大;通道内部的凹凸单元布置形式会影响局部流动细节,改善流场分布均匀性,其中case A方形顺列的内部流场均匀性最佳。

并列切角方柱风致干扰效应的大涡模拟研究

针对并列切角高层建筑间的干扰影响问题,本文采用大涡模拟方法研究雷诺数22 000的均匀流场下并列切角(切角率10%)方柱的干扰效应。基于模型的网格收敛性分析及模型准确性验证,对比分析不同间距比下并列切角方柱的气动干扰效应和流场分布,并探寻风压干扰效应的影响规律和形成机理。结果表明:对于并列切角方柱,平均阻力系数主要呈放大效应,脉动升力系数主要呈减小效应。在并列切角方柱处于小间距(B/L=1.2)时,由于风与壁面的相互作用,产生风压力,风压力与方柱表面力叠加,对正压区域产生加强效果,表现为放大效应,对负压区域进行削弱,出现减小效应;当B/L=1.5时,结构干扰最剧烈,其中相邻立面后流场的切角处放大效明显,干扰因子最大值为2.58;当B/L≥4.0时,除相邻立面外的其他立面与切角干扰效应趋于消失;当B/L=8.0时,相邻立面仍然存在28%的放大效应。

融入几何先验的圆柱表面三维应变场双目视觉测量方法

针对现有基于双目视觉的圆柱表面三维应变场测量方法从位移场计算应变场效率低下的问题,将圆柱结构几何先验信息融入子域投影法理论,利用圆柱标准坐标变换替代大量冗余的局部切平面最小二乘拟合求解,提出了一种融合圆柱拟合和子域投影的表面三维应变场计算方法;然后采用数值模拟方式,在不同应变区域和位移场噪声条件下,将所提方法与一般曲面子域投影法进行对比分析;最后开展圆柱拉伸实验,分别从单点和全场两个角度将所提方法的应变计算结果与应变片测量结果进行了对比。研究结果表明:在保证计算精度和位移场噪声鲁棒性的同时,所提方法将计算效率提高了约20%,且与应变片实验测量结果吻合较好,验证了该方法能够实现圆柱结构表面三维应变场的高效测量,也为规则结构表面三维应变场的计算提供了新思路。

正方形布置四圆柱结构流致振动响应特性研究

通过风洞实验研究了正方形布置四圆柱的流致振动特性,实验雷诺数Re=3200~28900,圆柱间距比S/D=1.5~4.0(S为两圆柱圆心间距,D为圆柱直径),质量比m^(*)≈345.0.结果表明,当S/D≤2.0时,上游圆柱1和2呈现涡激振动和类弛振耦合响应,下游圆柱3和4呈现涡激共振和尾流弛振耦合响应;当S/D=2.5~3.0,上游圆柱1和2除了在约化速度超过一定值时存在弱振动外,基本接近单圆柱涡激振动响应,下游圆柱3和4表现为分离的涡激共振和尾流弛振响应;当S/D=4.0时,上游圆柱1和2振动响应几乎和单圆柱一样,而圆柱3和4仍呈现分离的涡激共振和尾流弛振响应.当圆柱呈现涡激振动(上游圆柱)或涡激共振(下游圆柱)时,涡脱频率f_(s)锁定于固有频率f_(n)的1倍谐频,而当圆柱呈现剧烈的类弛振响应(上游圆柱)或尾流弛振响应(下游圆柱)时,f_(s)则会出现明显的多倍谐频;圆柱模型振动频率f_(o)主频始终锁定于fn的1倍谐频.通过对比正方形四圆柱和双圆柱流致振动特性,发现双圆柱动力学响应规律在一定程度上仍适用于正方形布置四圆柱.

汽车发动机产业技术专利信息分析

针对汽车发动机产业技术专利信息的发展,本文对汽车发动机产业技术领域的国内外专利进行检索和分析。借助incoPat专利数据库检索和专利导航,比较分析方法,对汽车发动机产业技术专利申请的总体趋势、技术构成、技术专利活跃度和主要申请人进行分析。采用图表展示分析对象在各技术分支方向的专利数量分布情况,了解分析对象所覆盖的技术类别以及各分支技术的创新热度。分析结果表明,汽车发动机产业技术国内外专利申请总量为142511件,申请量总体发展趋势主要分成三个阶段,中国相关技术专利申请量的全球占比为31.81%,高于其它国家。高价值重点专利主要集中在美国、德国、法国、英国、日本、韩国等发达国家,且在全球范围内分布广泛,覆盖热点和重点技术分支。

线形布置双矩形柱的平均气动力特性试验研究

为研究线形布置双矩形柱的平均气动力特性,采用刚性模型测压风洞试验测试并分析了宽高比为1∶4的双矩形柱在不同风向角和不同间距比下的平均阻力系数和平均升力系数,并与单矩形柱的试验结果进行了对比分析。在此基础上,通过分析平均风压分布进一步揭示了线形布置双矩形柱平均气动力系数的干扰机理。风向角α的变化范围为0°~90°,间距比P/B(双矩形柱的中心距与矩形柱宽度之比)的变化范围为1.2~8.0。研究结果表明:双矩形柱的平均阻力系数可分为0°≤α≤30°和30°<α≤90°两类;上游矩形柱的平均升力系数可分为0°≤α≤75°和75°<α≤90°两类;下游矩形柱的平均升力系数可分为0°≤α≤20°和20°<α≤90°两类。平均气动力系数的放大效应主要体现在上游矩形柱,平均阻力系数最大为单矩形柱的1.5倍,平均升力系数最大为单矩形柱的2.1倍。

非最终灭菌疫苗制剂车间布置设计探究

本文以第十届全国大学生制药工程设计竞赛题目——“7000万只新冠疫苗制剂车间工艺设计”为例,针对非最终灭菌疫苗制剂生产车间布置设计进行探讨,分析非最终灭菌疫苗制剂车间布置设计的关键因素。在GMP和医药工业洁净厂房设计标准等规范的基础上完成了新冠疫苗车间布置设计,并对人物流路线、洁净区压差以及消防逃生的设置进行了说明,希望为今后疫苗生产车间布置和生产过程的环境控制提供参考。

汽车起重机液压缸绳排计算方法研究

文中对某25t汽车起重机液压缸绳排机构受力计算提供3种计算方法。根据液压缸绳排机构(臂节间伸缩液压缸和绳排滑轮)连接方式推导出受力计算公式,建立臂架系统的有限元模型。将滑轮简化为2根绕中心转动的梁,滑轮间的绳排作用采用节点耦合方式,考虑变形同时准确计算臂节之间的受力。建立多体系统动力学仿真模型,对比了动力学分析、解析计算、有限元分析3种方法,分析结果一致。并对刚性和考虑几何非线性变形的液压缸、绳排受力进行了差异性分析,并对比了单缸插销与液压缸绳排方式的伸缩臂架的轴向力差异,为伸缩臂绳排起重机的设计计算提供了参考。

Investigation of wake-induced vibration interference between two staggered wave-cone cylinders at subcritical Reynolds number

The wake induced vibration(WIV)of a one-and two-degree-of-freedom(1DOF,2DOF)downstream wave-cone cylinder(WCC)behind a stationary equal-size upstream wave-cone cylinder in the staggered arrangement is numerically investigated at subcritical Reynolds number of 3900 by using shear stressed transfer(SST)k-ωturbulence model.The streamwise pitch ratios(P/Dm)vary from 4 to 6 with a fixed incident angleα=8°.Experimental measurements were also performed for the validation of the present numerical models.It is found that the largest vibration amplitude in crossflow direction occurred at P/Dm=4,Ur=8 with small difference of streamwise vibration at P/Dm=4,6.Different from single wavy-cone cylinder(SWCC),the downstream flexible one of a pair staggered WCCs got larger vibration amplitude during phase switching stage instead of in-phase stage.The upstream wake will suppress the triple frequency of main frequency in the power spectra density(PSD)functions of Cl but stimulate the double one of that.An intriguing vibration mechanism happened in all 2DOF cases where the trajectory of downstream WCC is a significant ellipse rather than a figure of 8.The transformation of phase switching and the variation of the main frequency of drag coefficient(Cd)can be explained by the vortex-shedding modes of downstream WCC.

基于BIM的屋面广场砖整砖排布技术研究与应用

对将BIM技术用于屋面工程中的广场砖进行深化设计,做到屋面分区均匀合理,坡度准确,排水系统流畅,整体协调,美观大方。而且对排砖的前期工作和施工阶段都起到一个良好的指导作用。在分析目前国内普遍使用CAD软件进行排砖所存在问题的基础上,以广西某医院住院楼A栋为分析对象,应用BIM技术对其进行三维模拟排砖,提出BIM模拟排砖最佳施工方案,该技术不仅提高排砖效率,而且其过程形象、直观。从而有效地解决目前传统软件CAD排砖中存在的排砖效率低下,不够形象直观等问题。BIM技术的应用不仅提高整个屋面的美观度更是在屋面施工精细化管理、节省材料等方面发挥作用,达到指导创优的目标,值得普及推广。

成品储存库地基处理桩基布置方案对比

水泥、砂、骨料等建筑材料的生产常采用成品库进行储存,其荷载重、库容大;一般的天然地基难以满足其承载力要求,实践中多采用桩基础。案例中采用盈建科YJK软件对直径为Ф32 m成品库进行建模分析,计算不同桩基布置形式下的桩反力值。结果表明:环形布桩相比于梅花形布桩受力更均匀,相比于正方形布桩可以有效减少桩的根数,具有良好的经济效益。