Based on the characteristics of pickling wastewater in the cold-rolling production of stainless steel, a new processing route, featuring source sludge reduction, wastewater two-stage treatment, heavy metal-contained s...Based on the characteristics of pickling wastewater in the cold-rolling production of stainless steel, a new processing route, featuring source sludge reduction, wastewater two-stage treatment, heavy metal-contained sludge and calcium salt sludge separating recovery, was proposed. As shown by the research results, after the two-stage process treatment, the effluent water can steadily reach the emission standards, the sludge yield can be decreased by more than 8% ; within the heavy metal-contained sludge, the recovery rates of Fc,Cr and Ni can either reach or surpass 95% ,and the total content ofF and S can drop to around 3%. Therefore,the sludge in the front part can be used as ferric dust. In the calcium salt sludge ,the recovery rate of F can either reach or surpass 85% ,and the total contents of Fe,Cr and Ni can fall below 0.5%. So the sludge in the rear part can be used as fluorgypsum or fluorite. Meanwhile,the results of the analysis on heavy metals leaching toxicity and morphologic distribution indicate that the two kinds of sectionalized sludge are not classified as hazardous wastes, which have a stable behavior and better utilization values compared with the former mixed- sludge.展开更多
The degradation process modeling is one of research hotspots of prognostic and health management(PHM),which can be used to estimate system reliability and remaining useful life(RUL).In order to study system degradatio...The degradation process modeling is one of research hotspots of prognostic and health management(PHM),which can be used to estimate system reliability and remaining useful life(RUL).In order to study system degradation process,cumulative damage model is used for degradation modeling.Assuming that damage increment is Gamma distribution,shock counting subjects to a homogeneous Poisson process(HPP)when degradation process is linear,and shock counting is a non-homogeneous Poisson process(NHPP)when degradation process is nonlinear.A two-stage degradation system is considered in this paper,for which the degradation process is linear in the first stage and the degradation process is nonlinear in the second stage.A nonlinear modeling method for considered system is put forward,and reliability model and remaining useful life model are established.A case study is given to validate the veracities of established models.展开更多
The suitable process parameters for a two-stage turbo air classifier are important for obtaining the ultrafine powder that has a narrow particle-size distribution, however little has been published internationally on ...The suitable process parameters for a two-stage turbo air classifier are important for obtaining the ultrafine powder that has a narrow particle-size distribution, however little has been published internationally on the classification process for the two-stage turbo air classifier in series. The influence of the process parameters of a two-stage turbo air classifier in series on classification performance is empirically studied by using aluminum oxide powders as the experimental material. The experimental results show the following: 1) When the rotor cage rotary speed of the first-stage classifier is increased from 2 300 r/min to 2 500 r/min with a constant rotor cage rotary speed of the second-stage classifier, classification precision is increased from 0.64 to 0.67. However, in this case, the final ultrafine powder yield is decreased from 79% to 74%, which means the classification precision and the final ultrafine powder yield can be regulated through adjusting the rotor cage rotary speed of the first-stage classifier. 2) When the rotor cage rotary speed of the second-stage classifier is increased from 2 500 r/min to 3 100 r/min with a constant rotor cage rotary speed of the first-stage classifier, the cut size is decreased from 13.16 μm to 8.76 μm, which means the cut size of the ultrafine powder can be regulated through adjusting the rotor cage rotary speed of the second-stage classifier. 3) When the feeding speed is increased from 35 kg/h to 50 kg/h, the 'fish-hook' effect is strengthened, which makes the ultrafine powder yield decrease. 4) To weaken the 'fish-hook' effect, the equalization of the two-stage wind speeds or the combination of a high first-stage wind speed with a low second-stage wind speed should be selected. This empirical study provides a criterion of process parameter configurations for a two-stage or multi-stage classifier in series, which offers a theoretical basis for practical production.展开更多
As the non-periodic inspections are common in practice,a two-stage inspection model based on a three-stage failure process is proposed. The two-stage inspection means that the system is inspected with the first inspec...As the non-periodic inspections are common in practice,a two-stage inspection model based on a three-stage failure process is proposed. The two-stage inspection means that the system is inspected with the first inspection interval T_1 and the second inspection interval T_2. Because of the three color schemes commonly used in industry,three stages are divided by the system lifetime:normal, minor defective and severe defective stages. Upon the failure of the system,replacement is carried out. Maintenance is done once identifying the severe defective stage. However,when the minor defective stage is identified by the second inspection interval T_2,action of halving the subsequent inspection interval is adopted.Otherwise,no action is required. Our objective function is to optimize the inspection intervals so as to minimize the expected cost per unit time. Finally,a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.展开更多
为探究机车车轮退化过程中呈现的两阶段特征问题,提出一种基于两阶段维纳过程的车轮剩余寿命预测方法。利用两阶段维纳过程模型建立车轮轮缘退化模型,通过随机化漂移系数表征车轮退化过程中存在的个体差异;利用期望最大化(expectation m...为探究机车车轮退化过程中呈现的两阶段特征问题,提出一种基于两阶段维纳过程的车轮剩余寿命预测方法。利用两阶段维纳过程模型建立车轮轮缘退化模型,通过随机化漂移系数表征车轮退化过程中存在的个体差异;利用期望最大化(expectation maximum,EM)算法及贝叶斯理论实现了退化模型参数的离线估计与在线更新;通过Schwarz信息准则(Schwarz information criterion,SIC)判断并找到车轮退化过程中存在的变点;最后通过某机车车轮实测轮缘退化数据进行了实例验证。结果表明:与单阶段退化模型相比,考虑存在变点的两阶段退化模型更符合现场实际且在车轮80%寿命分位点处预测精度提升了9.42%。剩余寿命预测结果可以为车轮镟修周期的优化提供一定的理论依据。展开更多
文摘Based on the characteristics of pickling wastewater in the cold-rolling production of stainless steel, a new processing route, featuring source sludge reduction, wastewater two-stage treatment, heavy metal-contained sludge and calcium salt sludge separating recovery, was proposed. As shown by the research results, after the two-stage process treatment, the effluent water can steadily reach the emission standards, the sludge yield can be decreased by more than 8% ; within the heavy metal-contained sludge, the recovery rates of Fc,Cr and Ni can either reach or surpass 95% ,and the total content ofF and S can drop to around 3%. Therefore,the sludge in the front part can be used as ferric dust. In the calcium salt sludge ,the recovery rate of F can either reach or surpass 85% ,and the total contents of Fe,Cr and Ni can fall below 0.5%. So the sludge in the rear part can be used as fluorgypsum or fluorite. Meanwhile,the results of the analysis on heavy metals leaching toxicity and morphologic distribution indicate that the two kinds of sectionalized sludge are not classified as hazardous wastes, which have a stable behavior and better utilization values compared with the former mixed- sludge.
基金National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project,China(No.71401173)
文摘The degradation process modeling is one of research hotspots of prognostic and health management(PHM),which can be used to estimate system reliability and remaining useful life(RUL).In order to study system degradation process,cumulative damage model is used for degradation modeling.Assuming that damage increment is Gamma distribution,shock counting subjects to a homogeneous Poisson process(HPP)when degradation process is linear,and shock counting is a non-homogeneous Poisson process(NHPP)when degradation process is nonlinear.A two-stage degradation system is considered in this paper,for which the degradation process is linear in the first stage and the degradation process is nonlinear in the second stage.A nonlinear modeling method for considered system is put forward,and reliability model and remaining useful life model are established.A case study is given to validate the veracities of established models.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51074012, 51204009)
文摘The suitable process parameters for a two-stage turbo air classifier are important for obtaining the ultrafine powder that has a narrow particle-size distribution, however little has been published internationally on the classification process for the two-stage turbo air classifier in series. The influence of the process parameters of a two-stage turbo air classifier in series on classification performance is empirically studied by using aluminum oxide powders as the experimental material. The experimental results show the following: 1) When the rotor cage rotary speed of the first-stage classifier is increased from 2 300 r/min to 2 500 r/min with a constant rotor cage rotary speed of the second-stage classifier, classification precision is increased from 0.64 to 0.67. However, in this case, the final ultrafine powder yield is decreased from 79% to 74%, which means the classification precision and the final ultrafine powder yield can be regulated through adjusting the rotor cage rotary speed of the first-stage classifier. 2) When the rotor cage rotary speed of the second-stage classifier is increased from 2 500 r/min to 3 100 r/min with a constant rotor cage rotary speed of the first-stage classifier, the cut size is decreased from 13.16 μm to 8.76 μm, which means the cut size of the ultrafine powder can be regulated through adjusting the rotor cage rotary speed of the second-stage classifier. 3) When the feeding speed is increased from 35 kg/h to 50 kg/h, the 'fish-hook' effect is strengthened, which makes the ultrafine powder yield decrease. 4) To weaken the 'fish-hook' effect, the equalization of the two-stage wind speeds or the combination of a high first-stage wind speed with a low second-stage wind speed should be selected. This empirical study provides a criterion of process parameter configurations for a two-stage or multi-stage classifier in series, which offers a theoretical basis for practical production.
文摘As the non-periodic inspections are common in practice,a two-stage inspection model based on a three-stage failure process is proposed. The two-stage inspection means that the system is inspected with the first inspection interval T_1 and the second inspection interval T_2. Because of the three color schemes commonly used in industry,three stages are divided by the system lifetime:normal, minor defective and severe defective stages. Upon the failure of the system,replacement is carried out. Maintenance is done once identifying the severe defective stage. However,when the minor defective stage is identified by the second inspection interval T_2,action of halving the subsequent inspection interval is adopted.Otherwise,no action is required. Our objective function is to optimize the inspection intervals so as to minimize the expected cost per unit time. Finally,a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
文摘为探究机车车轮退化过程中呈现的两阶段特征问题,提出一种基于两阶段维纳过程的车轮剩余寿命预测方法。利用两阶段维纳过程模型建立车轮轮缘退化模型,通过随机化漂移系数表征车轮退化过程中存在的个体差异;利用期望最大化(expectation maximum,EM)算法及贝叶斯理论实现了退化模型参数的离线估计与在线更新;通过Schwarz信息准则(Schwarz information criterion,SIC)判断并找到车轮退化过程中存在的变点;最后通过某机车车轮实测轮缘退化数据进行了实例验证。结果表明:与单阶段退化模型相比,考虑存在变点的两阶段退化模型更符合现场实际且在车轮80%寿命分位点处预测精度提升了9.42%。剩余寿命预测结果可以为车轮镟修周期的优化提供一定的理论依据。
文摘随着不确定性可再生能源大规模并网,电网频率特性日益复杂。传统火电机组具有响应时间长、无法准确跟踪指令等问题,亟须利用储能提高火电机组参与自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)调频时的调节性能。首先,针对调频考核规则,建立调频性能指标数学模型,并考虑火储系统出力特性,结合改进层次分析法校正调频子指标权重系数,以此构建以调频性能最优为目标的第一阶段优化模型;在此基础上,为了减少储能荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)越限和深度充放情况,以储能SOC偏差最小为目标构建第二阶段优化模型。仿真验证表明:所提的两阶段调频方法能够提高火储联合系统的调频性能和调频收益,同时有效减少储能深度充放情况和工作寿命损耗,提高储能辅助调频服务的可持续性。
