Failure mechanism of a large-scale composite deposits caused by the water level increases

The failure of slope caused by variations in water levels on both banks of reservoirs is common.Reservoir landslides greatly threaten the safety of reservoir area.Taking large-scale composite deposits located on the Lancang River in Southwest China as a study case,the origin of the deposits was analyzed based on the field investigation and a multi-material model was established in the physical model test.Combined with numerical simulation,the failure mechanism of the composite deposits during reservoir water level variations was studied.The results indicate that the deformation of the large-scale composite deposits is a staged sliding mode during the impoundment process.The first slip deformation is greatly affected by the buoyancy weight-reducing effect,and the permeability of soil and variation in the water level are the factors controlling slope deformation initiation.The high water sensitivity and low permeability of fine grained soil play an important role in the re-deformation of deposits slope.During the impoundment process,the deformation trend of the deposit slope is decreasing,and vertical consolidation of soil and increasing hydrostatic pressure on the slope surface are the main reasons for deformation attenuation.It is considered that the probability of large-scale sliding of the deposits during the impoundment period is low.But the damage caused by local bank collapse of the deposit slope still needs attention.The results of this paper will further improve our understanding of the failure mechanism of composite deposits caused by water level increases and provide guidance for the construction of hydropower stations.

ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF VLSI ALLOCATION IN HIGH-LEVEL SYNTHESIS

Allocation is one of main tasks in the high-level synthesis. It includes module , functional unit allocation, storage allocation and interconnection allocation. This paper models the allocation problem as cluster analysis and applies a new algorithm, neighbor state transition (NST) algorithm, for cluster optimization. It is proved that the algorithm produces an asymptotically global optimal solution with the upper bound on the cost function (1 + O(1/n)2-ε)F*, When F" is the cost of the optimum solution, n is the problem size and e is a positive parameter arbitrarily close to zero. The numerical examples show that the NST algorithm produces better results compared to the other known methods.

Buckling optimization of curvilinear fiber-reinforced composite structures using a parametric level set method

Owing to their excellent performance and large design space,curvilinear fiber-reinforced composite structures have gained considerable attention in engineering fields such as aerospace and automobile.In addition to the stiffness and strength of such structures,their stability also needs to be taken into account in the design.This study proposes a level-set-based optimization framework for maximizing the buckling load of curvilinear fiber-reinforced composite structures.In the proposed method,the contours of the level set function are used to represent fiber paths.For a composite laminate with a certain number of layers,one level set function is defined by radial basis functions and expansion coefficients for each layer.Furthermore,the fiber angle at an arbitrary point is the tangent orientation of the contour through this point.In the finite element of buckling,the stiffness and geometry matrices of an element are related to the fiber angle at the element centroid.This study considers the parallelism constraint for fiber paths.With the sensitivity calculation of the objective and constraint functions,the method of moving asymptotes is utilized to iteratively update all the expansion coefficients regarded as design variables.Two numerical examples under different boundary conditions are given to validate the proposed approach.Results show that the optimized curved fiber paths tend to be parallel and equidistant regardless of whether the composite laminates contain holes or not.Meanwhile,the buckling resistance of the final design is significantly improved.

Experimental study on hysteretic behavior of prestressed truss concrete composite beams

This paper describes an experimental study of the hysteretic behavior of prestressed truss concrete composite beams （PTCCBs） under cyclic loading. Five beam models were designed and tested, in which the testing parameters include the global reinforcement index β0, the prestress level 2 and the ratio of stirrup ρsv in the potential plastic hinge zones. Based on the test results, the failure mode and hysteretic behavior of the tested models are obtained. In addition, the P-△ and sectional M-φ hysteretic models for the PTCCBs at the midspan are established. The P-△ hysteretic model shows good agreement with the test results.

Seismic fragility analysis of composite frame structure based on performance

Steel-concrete composite structures that share the advantages of both steel structure and concrete structure have been developed rapidly and used widely. It has been a popular structure in high-rise buildings in recent years. Although more and more composite structures have been used in earthquake area, only a few literatures about fragility analysis of this type of structure are available. In this paper, a fragility analysis method based on performance is proposed, in which both the uncertainty due to variability in structures and ground motion are considered. Seismic fragility analysis is performed for a 15-story composite beam-concrete-filled square steel tube column frame by the proposed method. The top-drift-angle and the story-drift-angle are used as quantitative indexes to define the four different performance levels. Then seismic demand probability analysis is carried out and fragility curves are derived to assess the seismic performance of this type of structure.

Effects of Dietary Energy Level and Source on Blood Metabolites,Hormone Secretion and Follicular Fluid Composition in Gilts

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary energy levels and sources on the blood metabolites,hormone secretion and the composition of follicular fluid in gilts.Fifty-four gilts with initial body weight of(59±4.2) kg were randomly allotted to six treatments.Treatments were low, normal,and high energy feeding levels,which were 87.5%,100%and 112.5%of recommendatory energy requirements by NRC(1998),respectively,and dietary energy sources(starch or fat).Blood samples and follicular fluids were collected on D18 and D19 of the second estrous cycle.The results showed that plasma concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol were higher in the fat group than that in the starch group(P【0.05),but those of glucose were similar between the two energy sources(P】0.05);dietary energy level exerted no effect on blood metabolites concentration(P】0.05).Gilts fed the high energy diet had a higher area under curve of plasma insulin(Insulin AUC),insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ) and leptin than did gilts fed the lower energy diet(P【0.05),but there was no significant difference between fat versus starch(P】0.05).Luteinizing hormone(LH) pulses were higher in gilts fed high energy rather than that in low energy diets(P】0.05),plasma concentration of estradiol(E2) was higher in the fat group than that in the starch group(P【0.05).The number of large follicles(diameter≥4 mm) and concentrations of IGF-Ⅰand E2 in follicular fluid were increasing significant as the level of energy increased(P【0.05),but the numbers of large follicles and follicular fluid composition were not affected by the source of dietary energy(P】0.05).The results indicate that gilts fed high energy diets had elevated plasma concentrations of metabolic hormones,IGF-Ⅰand LH secretion,and increased follicular fluid concentrations of IGF-Ⅰ,E2 and numbers of large follicles;gilts fed the dietary fat had a higher plasma concentration of cholesterol and E2.

Adaptive Energy Efficient Power Allocation Scheme for DAS with Multiple Receive Antennas

Energy efficiency(EE)of downlink distributed antenna system(DAS)with multiple receive antennas is investigated over composite Rayleigh fading channel that takes the path loss and lognormal shadow fading into account.Our aim is to maximize EE which is defined as the ratio of the transmission rate to the total consumed power under the constraints of the maximum transmit power of each remote antenna.According to the definition of EE,the optimized objective function is formulated with the help of Lagrangian method.By using the Karush-KuhnTucker(KKT)conditions and numerical calculation,considering both the static and dynamic circuit power consumptions,an adaptive energy efficient power allocation(PA)scheme is derived.This scheme is different from the conventional iterative PA schemes based on EE maximization since it can provide closed-form expression of PA coefficients.Moreover,it can obtain the EE performance close to the conventional iterative scheme and exhaustive search method while reducing the computation complexity greatly.Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Effects of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy and Hand Massage on Body Composition and Serum Lipids According to Serum Cholesterol Level in Korean Women

Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigates the effects of six-week (twice a week, 12 sessions total) extracorporeal shockwave therapy (SWT) and hand massage therapy (HT) on body composition and serum lipids in overweight and obese Korean women aged between 35 and 59, according to their serum cholesterol level (≥200 mg/dL versus <200 mg/dL). After the program, weights decreased significantly in both the HT Group and SWT Group (p < 0.05);weights of those with cholesterol < 200 mg/dL significantly decreased in the HT Group (p = 0.038), while weights of those with cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL significantly decreased in the SWT Group (p = 0.001). BMIs decreased significantly in both the HT Group and the SWT Group (p < 0.05);BMIs of those with cholesterol < 200 mg/dL significantly decreased in the HT Group (p = 0.018), while BMIs of those with cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL significantly decreased in the SWT Group (p = 0.001). The body fat percentage of subjects significantly decreased only in the SWT Group (p = 0.027);the waist-hip ratio significantly decreased only in HT Group (p = 0.034). Serum cholesterol levels significantly decreased in those with cholesterol < 200 mg/dL in the HT Group (p < 0.05) and those with cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL in SWT Group (p = 0.055). Triglyceride significantly decreased in both those with cholesterol < 200 mg/dL and those with cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL, but did not significantly decrease in either subgroup of the HT Group. The study results suggest that SWT is effective in improving body measurements and serum lipids in those with cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL, while HT therapy is effective in those with cholesterol < 200 mg/dL. In conclusion, SWT and HT improved abdominal obesity by reducing body weight and waist circumference and helped improving serum lip index, suggesting the benefit for managing body measurements and serum lipids of overweight and obese individuals.

Power Allocation for Sensing-Based Spectrum Sharing Cognitive Radio System with Primary Quantized Side Information

Spectrum access approach and power allocation scheme are important techniques in cognitive radio(CR) system,which not only affect communication performance of CR user(secondary user,SU) but also play decisive role for protection of primary user(PU).In this study,we propose a power allocation scheme for SU based on the status sensing of PU in a single-input single-output(SISO) CR network.Instead of the conventional binary primary transmit power strategy,namely the sensed PU has only present or absent status,we consider a more practical scenario when PU transmits with multiple levels of power and quantized side information known by SU in advance as a primary quantized codebook.The secondary power allocation scheme to maximize the average throughput under the rate loss constraint(RLC) of PU is parameterized by the sensing results for PU,the primary quantized codebook and the channel state information(CSI) of SU.Furthermore,Differential Evolution(DE) algorithm is used to solve this non-convex power allocation problem.Simulation results show the performance and effectiveness of our proposed scheme under more practical communication conditions.

高位推动、注意力配置与中国政策扩散模式——基于三个典型案例的比较分析

传统渐进模式和以政策爆发为典型样态的非渐进模式,共同勾绘出中国政策扩散实践的整体图景,但鲜有研究对二者的生成机理进行比较阐释。依循注意力基础观的“情境—过程—结果”逻辑进路,注意力视域下的中国政策扩散分析框架包含“高位推动—府际注意力配置—政策扩散”三大核心链条。多案例比较分析结果发现:由高位推动嵌入主导的“吸纳-辐射”过程,是诱致压力型体制下大规模政策扩散的决定性力量;受府际注意力配置机制驱动,地方源创新的竞争性政绩建构,实现了对上级注意力的有效吸引,高层注意力的纵向传导,催化下级潜在采纳者注意力的再分配与聚合,形构出“地方首创—上级吸纳推广—地方跟进采纳”的一般扩散路径。不同高位推动策略所蕴含的政治势能存在结构性差异,约束政策采纳议程设置的响应速度和集中程度,最终形塑出渐进或爆发的差异化政策扩散模式。

重大传染病疫情下基于服务水平的疫苗分配及储备研究

为缓解重大传染病疫情下疫苗的短缺现状,本文结合传染病模型(susceptible-infected-recovered-deceased,SIRD)考虑疫苗需求与疫区医院收治容量的关系,以期望短缺数最小为目标建立疫苗分配模型,推导分析了最佳服务水平和储备量,并给出了不同情形下疫苗的最优分配方案。此外,通过数值模拟,进一步探究了紧急调配成本、资金预算、需求变化、疫区数量以及疫区间相关性等外生变量带来的影响,验证了模型推导结果,为疫苗分配和储备策略提供了科学依据。研究发现:疫苗接种有助于促进病毒感染曲线平坦化和降低疫情峰值,从而减轻医疗系统超负荷运转的现象,降低因感染而死亡的人数;在不考虑储备疫苗的情况下,无论需求的不确定性程度如何,为每个地区提供同等的服务水平有利于最小化疫苗期望短缺量;考虑储备疫苗的情况下,向需求波动幅度较大的疫区提供更高的服务水平可以减少期望短缺,但疫区数量较多时,为每个疫区提供同等服务水平更具公平性,即使会导致疫苗的次优覆盖;是否考虑储备疫苗取决于紧急调配成本、预算的高低以及疫区需求情况等。

流域初始水权分配的主从递阶双层优化方法

依托“流域-地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配模式,“流域-地区”层次影响制约“地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配,“流域-地区”和“地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配共同影响流域综合效益。现有研究主要聚焦“流域-地区”或“地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配,但将两个层次集成进行初始水权分配仍有待深化研究。为此,构建主从递阶双层优化方法,开展流域初始水权分配研究。具体可表述为:①针对“流域-地区”层次,建立流域综合效益优化函数与约束条件。构造适应性诊断准则和空间均衡性诊断准则,嵌入流域综合效益优化函数中,提高地区之间初始水权分配与经济社会发展的适应性、流域分水的空间均衡性。②针对“地区-行业”层次,建立地区综合效益优化的非线性目标规划模型,保障行业发展用水需求。并构造匹配性诊断准则嵌入非线性目标规划模型中,提高地区不同行业初始水权分配与行业发展的匹配性。③集成“流域-地区”和“地区-行业”层次,应用主从递阶双层优化方法,开展黄河流域初始水权分配实践探索。研究得出:通过黄河流域初始水权分配方案设计,得到黄河流域涉及省区水权分配比例与其经济社会发展综合指标加权值比例的比值,其中,内蒙古-陕西、陕西-宁夏、宁夏-山西、山西-河南、河南-甘肃、甘肃-青海、青海-山东分别为0.84、1.45、0.84、1.08、1.19、1.77、1.02,满足适应性诊断准则。黄河流域初始水权分配的基尼系数为0.10,属于“空间均衡度很高”,满足空间均衡性诊断准则。黄河流域涉及省区不同行业的水权配置与行业发展的匹配度均超过0.90,属于“高度匹配”。同时,黄河流域经济、社会、生态效益优化函数对应的满意度分别达到0.946、0.943、1.000,黄河流域涉及省区的经济、社会、生态效益优化函数对应的满意度均超过0.90。结果表明,该方法能够有效破解流域初始水权分配难题。为保障流域初始水权分配方案的有效落实,必须强化水资源刚性约束和双控行动,提升流域水利科技创新能力,推进流域产业用水结构合理化与产业结构高级化。

合成酚类抗氧化剂在我国室内灰尘中的污染特征及人体暴露风险

研究了来自我国17个省市的室内灰尘中13种合成酚类抗氧化剂(SPAs)及其4种转化产物污染特征.结果显示,我国室内灰尘中主要的SPAs污染物为传统SPAs 2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)和新型SPAs抗氧剂1010,两者的污染水平相当(BHT:165~1.10×10^(3)ng/g;抗氧剂1010:62.0~2.37×10^(3)ng/g),其浓度水平分别占所研究的SPAs总浓度的37.4%和36.0%.首次在室内灰尘中发现了抗氧剂330的存在,浓度水平最高为12.7ng/g.此外,灰尘中出现了一定浓度的SPAs转化产物,其中醌/醇化产物和醛化产物的占比较大,达到35.8%和56.9%,说明室内灰尘上的SPAs有一定的转化潜力.SPAs在室内灰尘中的浓度与采样点的经济发达程度有一定关联,东南沿海城市的SPAs浓度水平较高.受不同地区气候、地理条件影响,SPAs的浓度和组成体现出较大的空间差异.每日摄入量的评估结果显示,在高暴露情况下,成人和儿童对SPAs每日摄入总量分别为1.01×10^(-3)~0.54ng/(kg bw·d)和4.52×10^(-3)~2.39ng/(kg bw·d).虽然在目前的污染水平下,人们通过灰尘摄入途径的SPAs暴露量较小,但考虑到SPAs物质种类的快速更新换代和环境污染浓度的不断升高,其环境风险有待持续关注.

饲料蛋白质水平对图们雅罗鱼生长指标和鱼体成分的影响

文章旨在研究不同饲料蛋白质水平对图们雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii tumensis)生长指标和鱼体主要体成分的影响。试验将630尾初始体重为(3.37±0.07)g的图们雅罗鱼随机分成6组,每组3个重复,每个重复35尾鱼。各组饲料蛋白质水平分别为30.12%(P1)、33.21%(P2)、36.17%(P3)、39.64%(P4)、42.19%(P5)、45.37%(P6),进行8周的网箱养殖生长试验。试验结果表明,不同蛋白质水平图们雅罗鱼的终末体重、增重率、特定生长率和饲料效率均有先增高后降低的趋势。随饲料蛋白水平的升高,鱼体粗蛋白质、水分和粗灰分差异不显著(P>0.05),粗脂肪含量有下降趋势,与高蛋白质水平组相比,低蛋白质水平组鱼体脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05)。依据生长和体成分指标,用回归曲线拟合特定生长率和饲料效率综合评价,图们雅罗鱼蛋白质需求量为38.07%~38.52%。

社会公平能否提升地区劳动力配置效率?——基于劳动力公平偏好的微观视角

基于劳动力个体的公平偏好构建地区劳动力配置效率的理论模型,采用中国社会状况综合调查(CSS)的微观数据与地区数据结合,考察了社会公平感与劳动力配置效率间的关系和作用机制。研究发现:劳动力个体的社会公平感显著影响地区劳动力配置效率,社会公平感越高,劳动力配置效率越高。机制分析表明,劳动力流动是社会公平感影响地区劳动力配置效率的有效中介渠道,即社会公平感越高的地区越能吸引劳动力流入,进而提升地区劳动力配置效率;地区教育水平和市场化水平均能显著调节社会公平感对劳动力配置效率的影响,即社会公平感对劳动力错配的负效应在教育水平或市场化水平越低的地区越明显。以上结论为劳动力配置效率的研究提供了微观层面的证据,也可为提升社会公平感与劳动力配置效率的政策制定提供一定的参考。

面向战机大迎角机动过程的智能学习控制

针对战机大迎角动力学呈现的强非线性、气动不确定和通道耦合特性,提出了一种基于智能学习的自适应机动跟踪控制方法.通过将通道耦合视为集总扰动的一部分,把模型分解为迎角子系统、侧滑角子系统和滚转角速率子系统.采用神经网络估计不确定,设计跟踪误差反馈与集总干扰估计前馈相结合的控制器获取期望操纵力矩,并基于串接链分配方法求解气动舵偏角和推力矢量偏角.对于神经网络权重更新,构建预测误差表征集总干扰的估计性能,结合跟踪误差设计复合学习更新律.基于李雅普诺夫方法证明了闭环系统的一致最终有界稳定性.针对眼镜蛇机动和赫伯斯特机动指令进行了仿真验证和抗干扰参数拉偏测试,结果表明所提方法具有较高的机动指令跟踪精度和鲁棒性能.

城市水资源联合调配的综合效益评估——以北京市为例

通过分析城市水资源调配对“系统结构-社会-经济-生态环境”的影响,系统梳理水资源联合调配与综合利用的效果,基于层次分析和熵值的综合指数方法构建综合效益的评估体系。以北京市为例,评价2014-2021年多水源联合调配的实施效果。研究表明:北京市水资源调配对系统均衡结构、经济社会发展、生态环境改善等方面产生了不同程度的影响,其中生态环境效益显著。此外,综合效益指数的逐年提升表明近年来北京市水资源的联合调配有效促进了城市的可持续发展。

结合邻居影响和资源分配的链路预测算法

传统的资源分配算法在进行链路预测时只考虑了共同邻居对资源分配的影响,却忽略了两个节点之间的二级节点对资源分配的影响。为了探究共同邻居和二级节点对预测两个节点之间连边存在可能性的影响,提出了一种结合邻居影响和资源分配的链路预测算法。实验结果表明,在多数网络中若两个节点接收更多由共同邻居分配给它们的资源,则可以提升预测它们之间连边存在可能性的准确率。在四个生态网络和一些平均聚类系数较低的网络中,若两个节点接收更多通过二级节点分配给它们的资源,则可以提升预测它们之间连边存在可能性的准确率。

人口变化趋势下县域教育资源配置问题及调适方向

当前,我国教育领域面临人口向城流动和出生人口减少两个层面带来的对教育资源配置的挑战。从我国县域教育资源配置实践来看,存在城乡学校建设投入错位、师资力量配置多头匮乏、生活服务设施跟进缓慢等问题。从央地关系的视角分析发现,在县域教育资源配置上,中央政府、省级政府和县级政府之间存在目标张力和权力约束,导致资源分配弥散,无法回应人口变化带来的教育资源配置挑战。因此,需要对教育资源配置权进行细致界定和重新划分,建议中央政府和省级政府联合掌握资源调配权和资源监督权,省级政府和县级政府分级掌握资源统筹权,县级政府具体掌握资源分配权。这一权力分配格局既能够充分发挥中央和地方的积极性,也能够规避中央和地方在资源配置中面临的权力约束和策略局限,从而实现人口变化趋势下优化县域教育资源配置的目标。