We study the two-dimensional traffic of cellular automata using computer simulation. We propose two type of decentralized cooperation strategies, which are called stepping aside (CS-SA) and choosing alternative routes...We study the two-dimensional traffic of cellular automata using computer simulation. We propose two type of decentralized cooperation strategies, which are called stepping aside (CS-SA) and choosing alternative routes (CS-CAR) respectively. We introduce them into an existing two-dimensional cellular automata (CA) model. CS-SA is designed to prohibit a kind of ping-pong jump when two objects standing together try to move in opposite directions. CS-CAR is designed to change the solution of conflict in parallel update. CS-CAR encourages the objects involved in parallel conflicts choose their alternative routes instead of waiting. We also combine the two cooperation strategies (CS-SA-CAR) to test their combined effects. It is found that the system keeps on a partial jam phase with nonzero velocity and flow until the density reaches one. The ratios of the ping-pong jump and the waiting objects involved in conflict are decreased obviously, especially at the free phase. And the average flow is improved by the three cooperation strategies. Although the average travel time is lengthened a bit by CS-CAR, it is shorten by CS-SA and CS-SA-CAR. In addition, we discuss the advantage and applicability of decentralized cooperation modeling.展开更多
This paper reports on progress made in the first 3 years of.ATR's 'CAM-Brain'Project, which aims to use 'evolutionary e.gi...,i.gi' techniques to build/grow/evolve a RAM-and-cellular-automata based...This paper reports on progress made in the first 3 years of.ATR's 'CAM-Brain'Project, which aims to use 'evolutionary e.gi...,i.gi' techniques to build/grow/evolve a RAM-and-cellular-automata based artificial brain consisting of thousands of interconnected neural network modules inside special hardware such as MITs Cellular Automata Machine 'CAM-8,i, or NTT's Content Addressable Memory System 'CAM-System'. The states of a billion (later a trillion) 3D cellular automata cells, and edlions of cellular automata rules which govern their state changes, can be stored relatively cheaply in giga(tera)bytes of RAM. After 3 years work, the CA rules are almost ready. MITt,,'CAM-8' (essentially a serial device) can update 200,000,000 CA cells a second. It is possible that NTT's 'CAM-System' (essentially a massively parallel device) may be able to update a trillion CA cells a second. Hence all the ingredients will soon be ready to create a revolutionary new technology which will allow thousands of evolved neural network modules to be assembled into artificial brains. This in turn will probably create not only a new research field, but hopefully a whole new industry,namely 'brain building'. Building artificial brains with a billion neurons is the aim of ATR's 8 year i,CAM-B,ai.,' research project, ending in 2001.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61103093the National High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China (863) under Grant No. 2011AA010502
文摘We study the two-dimensional traffic of cellular automata using computer simulation. We propose two type of decentralized cooperation strategies, which are called stepping aside (CS-SA) and choosing alternative routes (CS-CAR) respectively. We introduce them into an existing two-dimensional cellular automata (CA) model. CS-SA is designed to prohibit a kind of ping-pong jump when two objects standing together try to move in opposite directions. CS-CAR is designed to change the solution of conflict in parallel update. CS-CAR encourages the objects involved in parallel conflicts choose their alternative routes instead of waiting. We also combine the two cooperation strategies (CS-SA-CAR) to test their combined effects. It is found that the system keeps on a partial jam phase with nonzero velocity and flow until the density reaches one. The ratios of the ping-pong jump and the waiting objects involved in conflict are decreased obviously, especially at the free phase. And the average flow is improved by the three cooperation strategies. Although the average travel time is lengthened a bit by CS-CAR, it is shorten by CS-SA and CS-SA-CAR. In addition, we discuss the advantage and applicability of decentralized cooperation modeling.
文摘This paper reports on progress made in the first 3 years of.ATR's 'CAM-Brain'Project, which aims to use 'evolutionary e.gi...,i.gi' techniques to build/grow/evolve a RAM-and-cellular-automata based artificial brain consisting of thousands of interconnected neural network modules inside special hardware such as MITs Cellular Automata Machine 'CAM-8,i, or NTT's Content Addressable Memory System 'CAM-System'. The states of a billion (later a trillion) 3D cellular automata cells, and edlions of cellular automata rules which govern their state changes, can be stored relatively cheaply in giga(tera)bytes of RAM. After 3 years work, the CA rules are almost ready. MITt,,'CAM-8' (essentially a serial device) can update 200,000,000 CA cells a second. It is possible that NTT's 'CAM-System' (essentially a massively parallel device) may be able to update a trillion CA cells a second. Hence all the ingredients will soon be ready to create a revolutionary new technology which will allow thousands of evolved neural network modules to be assembled into artificial brains. This in turn will probably create not only a new research field, but hopefully a whole new industry,namely 'brain building'. Building artificial brains with a billion neurons is the aim of ATR's 8 year i,CAM-B,ai.,' research project, ending in 2001.
