Application of Two-Dimensional Correlation UV-Vis Spectroscopy in Chinese Liquor Moutai Discrimination

Chinese liquor Moutai is the “National alcoholic drink” in China and plays a very important role of social activities in Chinese people’s life. In pursuit of high profits, some illegal counterfeit Moutai liquors have begun to appear in the market. Therefore, it is an urgent need for new techniques to discriminate the genuine and counterfeit Moutai liquor. In this work, the conventional Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation UV-Vis spectroscopy are applied to obtain the UV-Vis characteristic of Moutai liquor and counterfeit one, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the conventional UV-Vis spectra of the genuine and counterfeit Moutai liquor are similar. However, the two-dimensional correlation UV-Vis spectra of them are different and this method would be applied to differentiate the counterfeit Moutai liquor from the genuine Moutai liquor. Compared with conventional methods, this novel method has the advantages of easy operation, simple instrumentation and direct recognition, which make it a potential tool in the fields of food safety.

Structure and Two-dimensional Correlation Infrared Spectroscopy Study of a New One-dimensional Chain Compound: (4,4’-Hbpy)_3[NaMo_8O_(26)](4,4’- bpy)_2(H_2O)_4 (bpy = Bipydine)

A novel compound, （4,4＇-Hbpy）3[NaMo8O26]（4,4＇-bpy）2（H2O）4 1 （bpy=bipydine）, was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that compound 1 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group C2/m with a=19.1921（5）, b=18.6931（6）, c=9.3821（3） A° β=104.8020（11）°, V=3254.22（17）A°^3 C50H51Mo8N10NaO30, Mr=2062.52, Z=2, F（000）=2016, μ=1.591 mm^-1 and Dc=2.105 g/cm^3. The final R=0.0283 and wR=0.0912 for 3118 observed reflections （I〉20（I））. Compound 1 contains the β-[Mo8O26]^4-anion, sodium ion, 4,4＇-bpy and lattice crystalline water molecules. The β-[MosO26] units link the sodium ion to form a chain structure. The infinitechains of [Na（Mo8O26）]^3- blocks are surrounded by protonized 4,4＇-bpy cations, 4,4＇-bpy and lattice crystalline water molecules. The 2D-IR correlation spectroscopy study indicates that the stretching vibrations of Mo=O occur more preferentially due to the thermal effect. The TGA analysis shows that compound 1 has high thermal stability.

Study on the Hydrogen Bond Interaction Between Soy Protein Isolate and Glycerol Using Two-Dimensional Correlation Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

A series of soy protein isolate(SPI)films plasticized by glycerol(Gly)were studied using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR/FTIR).Perturbation-correlation movingwindow two-dimensional(PCMW2D)and two-dimensional correlation(2DCOS)analyses were applied to the amideⅠband and thus the hydrogen bond interaction between SPI and Gly was systematically investigated.When Gly concentrations were in the range 0~35%,the hydrogen bond amongβ-sheets was replaced by the one between SPI chain and Gly molecule,which caused these protein chains being changed toα-helix.However,the transformation ofβ-sheet toα-helix was saturated and both of them tend to change to random coil when Gly concentrations were in the range 35%~60%.

Thermal Behavior and Crystal Transition of Biodegradable Poly(butylenes adipate)Revealed by Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy

In the present study,thermal behavior and crystal transition of pure poly(butylene adipate)(PBA)upon heating process were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy.To gain further insight into the thermal behavior alteration and the phase transition of PBA,we performed two-dimensional(2D)correlation analysis.We found thatβ-form PBA crystal undergoes not only the melting process but also crystal transition upon the heating process.

Evolution of Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy

A number of useful techniques associated with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy(2DCOS)to improve its performance and utility have been developed in the last 30years.Evolution of these 2DCOS techniques,including some of the very recent developments,is reviewed with examples.Topics include merged or modified asynchronous 2Dcorrelation spectrum,two-dimensional codistribution spectroscopy(2DCDS),Pareto scaling,and null-space projection treatment of spectral dataset.

The power spectrum and correlation of flow noise for an axisymmetric body in water

Understanding the physical features of the flow noise for an axisymmetric body is important for improving the performance of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform. Analytical calculation and numerical analysis of the physical features of the flow noise for an axisymmetric body are presented and a simulation scheme for the noise correlation on the hydrophones is given. It is shown that the numerical values of the flow noise coincide well with the analytical values. The main physical features of flow noise are obtained. The flow noises of two different models are compared and a model with a rather optimal fore-body shape is given. The flow noise in horizontal symmetry profile of the axisymmetric body is non-uniform, but it is omni-directional and has little difference in the cross section of the body. The loss of noise diffraction has a great effect on the flow noise from boundary layer transition. Meanwhile, based on the simulation, the noise power level increases with velocity to approximately the fifth power at high frequencies, which is consistent with the experiment data reported in the literature. Furthermore, the flow noise received by the acoustic array has lower correlation at a designed central frequency, which is important for sonar system design.

Space-Time Correlation Based Fast Regional Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio

In this paper,a space-time correlation based fast regional spectrum sensing(RSS)scheme is proposed to reduce the time and energy consumption of traditional spatial spectrum sensing. The target region is divided into small meshes,and all meshes are clustered into highly related groups using the spatial correlation among them. In each group,some representative meshes are selected as detecting meshes(DMs)using a multi-center mesh(MCM)clustering algorithm,while other meshes(EMs)are estimated according to their correlations with DMs and the Markov modeled dependence on history by MAP principle. Thus,detecting fewer meshes saves the sensing consumption. Since two independent estimation processes may provide contradictory results,minimum entropy principle is adopted to merge the results. Tested with data acquired by radio environment mapping measurement conducted in the downtown Beijing,our scheme is capable to reduce the consumption of traditional sensing method with acceptable sensing performance.

ANGULAR SPECTRUM PROPERTY OF SPONTANEOUS EMISSION IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL UNDULATOR FREE-ELECTRON LASER

The angular spectrum of spontaneous emission in a two-dimensional undulator free-electron laser is analyzed theoretically. Numerical calculation shows that the 3-th harmonic spontaneous emission power density can be greatly enhanced by using a two-dimensional undulator, for which l=s, so the harmonic number can be selected by selecting l. Therefore, the higher harmonic operation of a free-electron laser can be realized selectively.

The second order spectrum of two-dimensional random waves

On the basis of the second order solution of two-dimensional random gravity waves in finite uniform depth,which is rederived by a perturbation expansion method,the analytical expression of the second order spectrum is strictly deduced, and for infinite depth, the correct form of the kernel function is given for each octant do main.In fact,the present study improves and corrects the generally accepted results obtained by Tick

NEW FAMILY OF BIPOLAR SEQUENCES AND ITS CORRELATION SPECTRUM

Based on a class of bipolar sequences with two-values autocorrelation functions, a new family of bipolar sequences is constructed and its correlation spectrum is calculated. It is shown that the new family is optimal with respect to Welch's bound and is different from the small set of Kasami sequences, while both of them have the same correlation properties.

A Study on Two-dimensional Spectrum Analysis System of Energy and Time

Proposed is a two-dimensional(2D)spectrum analysis system for acquiring the statistical information of radioactive particles on two dimensions,i.e.energy and time.Based on pulse width modulation readout circuit,such a system with 4-channels is designed,which converts the radiation signal into a rectangular pulse signal with pulse width modulated.The pulse width,occurrence time,and pulse count of the rectangular pulses are measured simultaneously with digital counters,so that the 2D spectra on energy and time of the radioactive particles can be obtained efficiently based on bi-parameter statistical analysis.A prototype of this 2D system is tested with gamma rays from 241Am isotopes,from which both the correlated 2D spectra and the independent spectra on energy and time are obtained.The energy spectra of four channels shows all characteristic peaks of 241Am gamma rays,among which the full-energy peak at 59.5keV exhibits energy resolution of about 5-6%,suggesting a good energy resolution and channel uniformity of the system.The regression of the time spectra of the characteristic peaks can give the time constants of each characteristic peak,revealing the time characteristics of the nuclear reactions in the radiative source.

Chrestenson Spectrum and Auto-Correlation Function of Inverse Permutations of Quick Trickle Permutations

In this paper, a sufficient and necessary condition of quick trickle permutations is given from the point of inverse permutations. The bridge is built between quick trickle permutations and m-value logic functions. By the methods of the Chrestenson spectrum of m-value logic functions and the auto-correlation function of m-value logic functions to investigate the Chrestenson spectral characteristics and the auto-correlation function charac- teristics of inverse permutations of quick trickle permutations, a determinant arithmetic of quick trickle permutations is given. Using the results, it becomes easy to judge that a permutation is a quick trickle permutation or not by using computer. This gives a new pathway to study constructions and enumerations of quick trickle permutations.

Establishing a protein expression profile database for the normal human pituitary gland using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry

In this study, we selected adult normal pituitary gland tissues from six patients during operations for pituitary microadenomas via the transsphenoidal approach for extended normal pituitary tissue resection around the tumor, and analyzed the protein expression of human normal pituitary using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry proteomics technology. The ten most highly expressed proteins in normal human pituitary were： alpha 3 type VI collagen isoform 5 precursor （abundance among tall pituitary proteins 1.30%）, fibrinogen beta chain preproprotein （0.99%）, vimentin （0.73%）, prolactin （0.69%）, ATP synthase, H~ transporting and mitochondrial F1 complex beta subunit precursor （0.52%）, keratin I （0.49%）, growth hormone （0.45%）, carbonic anhydrase I （0.40%）, heat shock protein 90 kDa I （0.31%）, and annexin V （0.30%）. Based on the biological function classifications of these proteins, the top three categories by content were neuroendocrine proteins （abundance among all pituitary proteins, 40.1%）, catalytic and metabolic proteins （28.3%）, and cell signal transduction proteins （9.8%）. Based on cell positioning classification, the top three categories were cell organelle （24.5%） membrane （20.8%）, and cytoplasm （13.0%）. Based on biological process classification, the top three categories of proteins are involved in physiological processes （42.9%）, cellular processes （40.4%）, and regulation of biological processes （9.1%）. Our experimental findings indicate that a protein expression profile database of normal human pituitary can be precisely and efficiently established by proteomics technology.

USING TWO-DIMENSIONAL TIME RESOLVED LIGHT SCATTERING TO STUDY THE CURE REACTION INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION PROCESS OF EPOXY-AMINE-POLYETHERSULFONE BLEND WITH SECONDARY PHASE SEPARATION

The generalized two-dimensional correlation analysis based on time-resolved light scattering patterns （2D TRLS） has been employed to study the phase separation process of an epoxy-amine-polyethersulfone blend in which the secondary phase separation takes place. The results of the 2D TRLS provided more detailed information that was not readily observed in the 1D TRLS patterns. （i） During the first process of phase separation, the sequential order of coarsening in size of the domains among the larger and smaller ones has been reversed between the diffusion regime and the hydrodynamic regime. （ii） The change of the larger domains in size, due to the hydrodynamic flow in the late stage of the first phase separation process, keeps on taking place earlier than that of the new domains appeared in the secondary phase separation process. （iii） During the secondary phase separation process the size growth of the smaller domains takes place earlier than that of the larger ones, probably due to the assumption that the coarsening mode could decrease the interface tension more quickly.

A Method for Incipient Fault Diagnosis of Roller Bearings Based on the Wavelet Transform Correlation Filter and Hilbert Transform

Noise is the biggest obstacle that makes the incipient fault diagnosis results of roller bearings uncorrected; a new method for diagnosing incipient fault of roller bearings based on the Wavelet Transform Correlation Filter and Hilbert Transform was proposed. First, the weak fault information features are picked up from the roller bearings fault vibration signals by use of a de-noising characteristic of the Wavelet Transform Correlation Filter as the preprocessing of the Hilbert Envelope Analysis. Then, in order to get fault features frequency, de-noised wavelet coefficients of high scales which represent high frequency signal were analyzed by Hilbert Envelope Spectrum Analysis. The simulation signals and diagnosing examples analysis results reveal that the proposed method is more effective than the method of direct wavelet coefficients-Hilbert Transform in de-noising and clarifying roller bearing incipient fault.

Subspace decomposition-based correlation matrix multiplication

The correlation matrix, which is widely used in eigenvalue decomposition （EVD） or singular value decomposition （SVD）, usually can be denoted by R = E[yiy＇i]. A novel method for constructing the correlation matrix R is proposed. The proposed algorithm can improve the resolving power of the signal eigenvalues and overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional subspace methods, which cannot be applied to low SNR. Then the proposed method is applied to the direct sequence spread spectrum （DSSS） signal＇s signature sequence estimation. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed, and some illustrative simulation results are presented.

Determination of Fourier Components of Spatial Correlation Function of Dielectric Susceptibility of Random Medium

In this work, we present a new method of directly determining Fourier components of the spatial correlation function of the dielectric susceptibility of random medium. The method is based on the analysis of the ratio of the spectrum of the light scattered by the spatial correlation components of the dielectric susceptibility of tissue to the spectrum of light scattered by the randomly distributed scatterers which are independent on the value of the spectrum of the incident light and the direction of the observation. The results may find wide applications in areas such as in biomedical diagnosis.

Measurement of Particle Velocity, Particle Size Distribution and Concentration in Particulate Suspension by Transmission Fluctuation Correlation Spectrometry

In coal-fired power generation industry, parameters such as particle size affect combustion efficiency. Especially in the application of two-phase flow clean energy, the parameters such as particle velocity, particle size distribution and concentration are very important, because the coal particle velocity, concentration or size range have an impact on the whole combustion process. This paper introduces an optical measurement setup based on the transmission fluctuation correlation spectrum measurement technique, which realizes the simultaneous measurement of particle velocity, particle size distribution and concentration. Compared with image method, ultrasonic spectrum method and other methods, the experimental device is simple and low-cost.

Strong correlations in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides

Since the discovery of graphene,the development of two-dimensional material research has enabled the exploration of a rich variety of exotic quantum phenomena that are not accessible in bulk materials.These two-dimensional materials offer a unique platform to build novel quantum devices.Layered transition metal dichalcogenides,when thinned down to atomic thicknesses,exhibit intriguing physical properties such as strong electron correlations.The study of strongly-correlated phenomena in twodimensional transition metal dichalcogenides has been a major research frontier in condensed matter physics.In this article,we review recent progress on strongly-correlated phenomena in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides,including Mott insulators,quantum spin liquids,and Wigner crystals.These topics represent a rapidly developing research area,where tremendous opportunities exist in discovering exotic quantum phenomena,and in exploring their applications for future electronic devices.