A two-dimensional solution of space-charge-limiting current for a high current vacuum diode with a spherical cathode is presented. The relation between space-charge-limiting current and electric field enhancement fact...A two-dimensional solution of space-charge-limiting current for a high current vacuum diode with a spherical cathode is presented. The relation between space-charge-limiting current and electric field enhancement factor at the cathode surface for the diode with a curved surface cathode is also discussed. It is shown that compared with the current given by the conventional Child-Langmuir law, which describes the one-dimensional space-charege-limiting current, the two-dimensional space-charge-limiting current in such a diode is enhanced due to the electric-field enhancement along the cathode surface. Among practical parameter ranges, enhancement factor ηb approximately satisfies ηb Aβn, where β is the electric field enhancement factor at the cathode surface, and n is a constant between 1 and 2, which is confirmed to be universal for the diodes with curved surface cathodes.展开更多
The self-consistent differential equations, which describe a laminar-flow equilibrium state in a magnetically focused intense relativistic electron beam propagating inside a conducting waveguide, are presented. The ca...The self-consistent differential equations, which describe a laminar-flow equilibrium state in a magnetically focused intense relativistic electron beam propagating inside a conducting waveguide, are presented. The canonical angular momentum, Pe, defined under the conditions at the source, uniquely determines the possible solutions of these equations. By numerically solving these equations, the space-charge limited current and the externally applied magnetic field are obtained in a solid beam and a hollow beam in two cases of Pθ= 0 （magnetically shielded source） and Pθ= const. （immersed source） separately. It is shown that the hollow beam is more beneficial to the propagation of the intense relativistic beam through a drift tube than the solid beam.展开更多
The performance of an organic photovoltaic （OPV） cell based on copper phthatocyanine CuPc/C60 with a tris- （8-hydroxyquinolinato） aluminum （Alq3） buffer layer has been investigated. It was found that the power c...The performance of an organic photovoltaic （OPV） cell based on copper phthatocyanine CuPc/C60 with a tris- （8-hydroxyquinolinato） aluminum （Alq3） buffer layer has been investigated. It was found that the power conversion efficiency of the device was 1.51% under illumination with an intensity of 100 mW/cm^2, which was limited by a squareroot dependence of the photocurrent on voltage. The photocurrent optical power density characteristics showed that the OPV cell had a significant space-charge limited photocurrent with a varied saturation voltage and a three quarters power dependence on optical power density. Also, the absorption spectrum was measured by a spectrophotometer, and the results showed that the additional Alq3 layer has a minor effect on photocurrent generation.展开更多
从电导特性的角度研究了变压器油在高场强下的预击穿过程及机制,将变压器油在不同电场下的电导机制分为3个阶段:①在电场低于0.44 kV mm 1时,电导电流I与外施场强E成正的线性关系,符合欧姆定律;②电场强度在0.44 1.33 kV mm 1范围内时,l...从电导特性的角度研究了变压器油在高场强下的预击穿过程及机制,将变压器油在不同电场下的电导机制分为3个阶段:①在电场低于0.44 kV mm 1时,电导电流I与外施场强E成正的线性关系,符合欧姆定律;②电场强度在0.44 1.33 kV mm 1范围内时,ln(I/E2)1/E成正比,满足Fowler-Nordheim场致发射方程,属于隧道效应电流阶段;③当油中电场强度E>1.33 kV mm 1,I与电压的二次方U2成正比,属于空间电荷限制电流阶段,载流子视在迁移率c约为2.93 10 3cm2/(V s),当外施电场为2 kV mm 1时,载流子流速v为0.586 m s 1,电流体力学迁移率h约为1.5 10 3cm2(V s)1。同时,对影响变压器油电导特性的温度、流体压强、油中含水等因素进行研究,试验结果表明,随着温度的升高、流体压强的减小以及油中含水量的增加,变压器油的电导电流均将明显增加。此外,对工程上关注的不同浸油程度的绝缘纸板的电导和介电特性及其影响因素进行研究,结果表明,随着浸油水平、温度和工作频率的提高,绝缘纸板的电导电流均将相应增加。展开更多
随着工程电介质领域研究的发展,诸多没有得到公认解释的问题逐渐出现,为此,本文提出了几个重要的问题及思考以供相关研究工作者参考。1994年Lewis首次提出了纳米电介质,2003年至今已成为工程电介质领域的研究热点,但从20余年该领域的研...随着工程电介质领域研究的发展,诸多没有得到公认解释的问题逐渐出现,为此,本文提出了几个重要的问题及思考以供相关研究工作者参考。1994年Lewis首次提出了纳米电介质,2003年至今已成为工程电介质领域的研究热点,但从20余年该领域的研究内容、作者的原意以及新近又提出的纳米结构电介质来看,我们认为应把名称改为纳米电介质复合物,并按照低维物理对纳米电介质作了重新定义。分析了Lewis与Tanaka界面的具体含义,提出了纳米高聚物复合物硬/软界面及其具有结构复杂性、不确定性与易变性的新概念,并剖析了硬、软表面的尺度及理化特性。提出了从A Einstein还原论、P W Anderson的层展现象与R P Feynmann的思维方法以启迪相关研究的新思维。从空间电荷限制电流(SCLC)存在条件的约束和高聚物或其复合物中由于自身结构的多层次性、复杂界面、电极接触以及共存的电子与离子电导等因素的严重影响,提出了从欧姆区过渡到高场区(即电极注入的SCLC区)不完全是由一种与注入载流子相同的载流子决定的想法,特别是要严格审视在测量条件确定时,离子电导对低场与高场区电流的贡献。为此,列出了离子电导与电子电导的主要特征与区别方法。针对脉冲有关的测量空间电荷的方法,特别是已成为国际上测量空间电荷主流方法的脉冲电声(PEA)方法,提出了PEA的优点与不足之处,以及如何去校准测量结果的正确性、重复性,如依据高聚物结构的特征,建立压激电流(pressure stimulated current,PSC)装置,正确判断电子、离子、偶极子梯度产生的空间电荷,以弥补PEA测量的严重不足。展开更多
文摘A two-dimensional solution of space-charge-limiting current for a high current vacuum diode with a spherical cathode is presented. The relation between space-charge-limiting current and electric field enhancement factor at the cathode surface for the diode with a curved surface cathode is also discussed. It is shown that compared with the current given by the conventional Child-Langmuir law, which describes the one-dimensional space-charege-limiting current, the two-dimensional space-charge-limiting current in such a diode is enhanced due to the electric-field enhancement along the cathode surface. Among practical parameter ranges, enhancement factor ηb approximately satisfies ηb Aβn, where β is the electric field enhancement factor at the cathode surface, and n is a constant between 1 and 2, which is confirmed to be universal for the diodes with curved surface cathodes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10476004）.
文摘The self-consistent differential equations, which describe a laminar-flow equilibrium state in a magnetically focused intense relativistic electron beam propagating inside a conducting waveguide, are presented. The canonical angular momentum, Pe, defined under the conditions at the source, uniquely determines the possible solutions of these equations. By numerically solving these equations, the space-charge limited current and the externally applied magnetic field are obtained in a solid beam and a hollow beam in two cases of Pθ= 0 （magnetically shielded source） and Pθ= const. （immersed source） separately. It is shown that the hollow beam is more beneficial to the propagation of the intense relativistic beam through a drift tube than the solid beam.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant Nos. 60736005 and 60425101-1)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the NSFC (Grant No. 60721001),Provincial Project (Grant No. 9140A02060609DZ0208)+1 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET-06-0812),SRF for ROCS,SEM (Grant No. GGRYJJ08-05)Young Excellent Project of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 09ZQ026-074)
文摘The performance of an organic photovoltaic （OPV） cell based on copper phthatocyanine CuPc/C60 with a tris- （8-hydroxyquinolinato） aluminum （Alq3） buffer layer has been investigated. It was found that the power conversion efficiency of the device was 1.51% under illumination with an intensity of 100 mW/cm^2, which was limited by a squareroot dependence of the photocurrent on voltage. The photocurrent optical power density characteristics showed that the OPV cell had a significant space-charge limited photocurrent with a varied saturation voltage and a three quarters power dependence on optical power density. Also, the absorption spectrum was measured by a spectrophotometer, and the results showed that the additional Alq3 layer has a minor effect on photocurrent generation.
文摘从电导特性的角度研究了变压器油在高场强下的预击穿过程及机制,将变压器油在不同电场下的电导机制分为3个阶段:①在电场低于0.44 kV mm 1时,电导电流I与外施场强E成正的线性关系,符合欧姆定律;②电场强度在0.44 1.33 kV mm 1范围内时,ln(I/E2)1/E成正比,满足Fowler-Nordheim场致发射方程,属于隧道效应电流阶段;③当油中电场强度E>1.33 kV mm 1,I与电压的二次方U2成正比,属于空间电荷限制电流阶段,载流子视在迁移率c约为2.93 10 3cm2/(V s),当外施电场为2 kV mm 1时,载流子流速v为0.586 m s 1,电流体力学迁移率h约为1.5 10 3cm2(V s)1。同时,对影响变压器油电导特性的温度、流体压强、油中含水等因素进行研究,试验结果表明,随着温度的升高、流体压强的减小以及油中含水量的增加,变压器油的电导电流均将明显增加。此外,对工程上关注的不同浸油程度的绝缘纸板的电导和介电特性及其影响因素进行研究,结果表明,随着浸油水平、温度和工作频率的提高,绝缘纸板的电导电流均将相应增加。
文摘随着工程电介质领域研究的发展,诸多没有得到公认解释的问题逐渐出现,为此,本文提出了几个重要的问题及思考以供相关研究工作者参考。1994年Lewis首次提出了纳米电介质,2003年至今已成为工程电介质领域的研究热点,但从20余年该领域的研究内容、作者的原意以及新近又提出的纳米结构电介质来看,我们认为应把名称改为纳米电介质复合物,并按照低维物理对纳米电介质作了重新定义。分析了Lewis与Tanaka界面的具体含义,提出了纳米高聚物复合物硬/软界面及其具有结构复杂性、不确定性与易变性的新概念,并剖析了硬、软表面的尺度及理化特性。提出了从A Einstein还原论、P W Anderson的层展现象与R P Feynmann的思维方法以启迪相关研究的新思维。从空间电荷限制电流(SCLC)存在条件的约束和高聚物或其复合物中由于自身结构的多层次性、复杂界面、电极接触以及共存的电子与离子电导等因素的严重影响,提出了从欧姆区过渡到高场区(即电极注入的SCLC区)不完全是由一种与注入载流子相同的载流子决定的想法,特别是要严格审视在测量条件确定时,离子电导对低场与高场区电流的贡献。为此,列出了离子电导与电子电导的主要特征与区别方法。针对脉冲有关的测量空间电荷的方法,特别是已成为国际上测量空间电荷主流方法的脉冲电声(PEA)方法,提出了PEA的优点与不足之处,以及如何去校准测量结果的正确性、重复性,如依据高聚物结构的特征,建立压激电流(pressure stimulated current,PSC)装置,正确判断电子、离子、偶极子梯度产生的空间电荷,以弥补PEA测量的严重不足。
