Early prediction of myocardial viability after acute myocardial infarction by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging

Background Identifying the transmural extent of myocardial necrosis and the degree of myocardial viability in acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is important clinically. The aim of this study was to assess myocardial viability using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging （2D-STI） in patients with AMI. Methods 2D-STI was performed at initial presentation, three days, and six months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in 30 patients with AMI, who had a left anterior descending coronary artery （LAD） culprit lesion. In addition, 20 patients who had minimal stenotic lesions （〈 30% stenosis） on coronary angiography were also included in the control group. At six months dobutamine echocardiography was performed for viability assessment in seven segments of the LAD territory. According to the recovery of wall motion abnormality, segments were classified as viable or non-viable. Results A total of 131 segments were viable, and 44 were nonviable. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between the viable and nonviable segments in the peak systolic strain, the peak systolic strain rate at initial presentation, and peak systolic strain rate three days after primary PCI. Among these, the initial peak systolic strain rate had the highest predictive value for myocardial viability （hazard ratio： 31.22, P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions 2D-STI is feasible for assessing myocardial viability, and the peak systolic strain rate might be the most reliable predictor of myocardial viability in patients with AMI.

Value of myocardial function in children with Kawasaki disease by two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking

Objective:To investigate the value of two-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking(2D-STI)and three-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking(3D-STI)in evaluating myocardial function in children with Kawasaki disease.Methods 92 children with Kawasaki disease admitted to our hospital from February 2017 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.50 children who underwent 3D-STI examination were taken as observation group and 42 children who underwent 2D-STI examination were taken as control group.The left ventricular systolic function index,storage time and analysis time of the image,the diameter of coronary artery,the strain difference of left ventricular basal segment,middle segment,apical segment and whole segment were observed.Results The levels of left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV),left ventricular myocardial mass(LVMI)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no statistical difference in left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)between the two groups(P>0.05).The storage time and analysis time of the image in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The left coronary artery(LCA)and right coronary artery(RCA)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between left anterior descending(LAD)in the two groups(P>0.05).The longitudinal peak systolic strain(LS),circumferential peak systolic strain(CS)and radial peak systolic strain(RS)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The global longitudinal peak strain(GLS),global circumferential peak strain(GCS)and global radial peak strain(GRS)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).LS and CS in the middle segment of the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions Compared with 2D-STI,3D-STI can objectively and accurately reflect the myocardial function of children with Kawasaki disease.

Evaluation of the Effect of Sigmoid-Shaped Interventricular Septum on Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Patients with Essential Hypertension by Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

Objective: To evaluate left ventricular regional and global systolic function by measuring left ventricular longitudinal strain (LS) in hypertensive patients with sigmoid-shaped interventricular septum (SIS) by two-dimensional speckle tracking (2D-STE);in order to explore whether the sigmoid-shaped interventricular septum affects the left ventricular systolic function in patients with hypertension. Methods: Routine echocardiographic parameters were measured in 30 hypertensive patients with SIS (SIS group) and 30 hypertensive patients without SIS (non-SIS group). The left ventricular segments and global LS were measured by 2D-STE, and the two sets of parameters were compared. Results: The value of the thickness of the basal segment of the interventricular septum (IVSBT), the thickness of the middle segment of the interventricular septum (IVSMT) and the ratio of the basal segment of the ventricular septum to the middle segment of the interventricular septum (IVSBT/IVSMT) in SIS group was higher than that in non-SIS group. However, the value of left ventricular outflow tract diameter (LVOTD) in SIS group was lower than that in non-SIS group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (all P Conclusion: SIS affects left ventricular regional systolic function of patients with hypertension. 2D-STE can early evaluate left ventricular longitudinal systolic function in hypertensive patients with SIS.

Value of two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging in quantitative assessment of left ventricular function in patients with OSAS

Objective: To research the clinical application of two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) in quantitative assessment of left ventricular function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS). Method: From July 2016 to December 2018, 86 patients with OSAS were selected as OSAS group. According to sleep apnea hypopnea index (AHI), they were divided into mild OSAS group (24 cases), moderate OSAS group (29 cases) and severe OSAS group (33 cases). Another 50 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The left ventricular function of all patients was quantitatively assessed by 2D-STI. The left ventricular function of all patients was quantitatively assessed by 2D-STI. The results of routine echocardiography and left ventricular global strain parameters of the OSAS group, the control group and the OSAS patients with different severity were compared and analyzed. Result: There were no significant differences in the levels of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESd) between the two groups and OSAS patients with different severity (P>0.05). The levels of IVST, LVPW and LVMI in the OSAS group were significantly higher than those in the control group, the levels of end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVS), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in the severe OSAS group were significantly higher than those in the mild and moderate OSAS group, and the levels of IVST, LVPW and LVMI in the moderate OSAS group were significantly higher than those in the mild OSAS group, there were significant differences between groups (P<0.05). The levels of GLS, GRS and GCS in the OSAS group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). GLS, GRS and GCS levels in the severe OSAS group were significantly lower than those in the mild OSAS group and the moderate OSAS group, while the levels of global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) in the moderate OSAS group were significantly lower than those in the mild OSAS group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The left ventricular systolic function of OSAS patients is obviously impaired. Left ventricular function in OSAS patients can be assessed timely and accurately by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging.

二维斑点追踪技术评价曲妥珠单抗联合蒽环类药物对乳腺癌患者心脏毒性的价值

目的探讨二维斑点追踪技术早期监测左心室收缩功能评价乳腺癌患者在接受蒽环类药物联合曲妥珠单抗联合治疗后产生心脏毒性的价值。方法乳腺癌术后患者50例,均接受蒽环类药物联合曲妥珠单抗联合治疗,分别于治疗前、治疗中期及治疗后期常规进行心电图、二维超声心动图及二维斑点追踪技术监测,主要观察指标为左心室射血分数(LVEF)及整体纵向应变(GLS),30例健康志愿者作为对照组。结果①GLS在化疗中期及后期时较对照组、化疗前均明显减低(P<0.05)。②LVEF在化疗中期及后期对比化疗前或对照组差异均无显著意义。结论应用二维斑点追踪技术测得的整体纵向应变值(GLS)能评价乳腺癌患者治疗后药物所致的左心室功能障碍的微小变化,尽早发现心肌功能的损害。

二维斑点追踪技术联合右室量化分析系统评价淋巴瘤患者化疗后右室功能改变

目的:应用二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STI)联合右室量化分析系统(QAS-R)评价淋巴瘤患者化疗后右室功能改变。方法:选取确诊淋巴瘤并接受蒽环类药物化疗患者40例。根据化疗周期分为化疗前(T0)、完成2个周期(T1)、完成4个周期(T2)及完成6个周期(T3)。常规超声心动图测量左室射血分数(LVEF)、三尖瓣环收缩期峰值流速(S’)、三尖瓣环收缩期位移(TAPSE)、右室面积变化分数(FAC)、三尖瓣环舒张早期峰值流速(E)、三尖瓣环舒张晚期峰值流速(A),计算E/A;二维斑点追踪技术测量右室游离壁基底段应变(Sb)、右室游离壁中间段应变(Sm)、右室游离壁心尖段应变(Sa),计算右室游离壁纵向应变(RVFWLS);右室量化分析系统测量右室射血分数(RVEF)。比较上述参数化疗前后差异。结果:与T0相比,LVEF、E/A在T1、T2和T3无明显差异(P>0.05);与T0相比,RVFWLS、Sb、Sm、RVEF在T1、T2、T3明显降低(P<0.05),Sa、RVFAC在T2、T3明显降低(P<0.05),TAPSE、S’在T3明显降低(P<0.05);与T1相比,RVFWLS、Sb、Sm、Sa、RVEF、FAC在T2、T3明显降低(P<0.05);TAPSE、S’在T3明显降低(P<0.05);与T2相比,RVFWLS、Sb、Sm、Sa、RVEF、TAPSE、FAC、S’在T3明显降低(P<0.05)。在相关性分析中,蒽环类药物累积剂量与RVFWLS、Sb、Sm、Sa、RVEF、RVFAC、TAPSE、S’呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.775、-0.673、-0.628、-0.593、-0.749、-0.468、-0.368、-0.346;RVEF与RVFWLS、Sb、Sm、Sa、RVFAC、TAPSE、S’呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.667、0.597、0.491、0.544、0.354、0.258、0.257。结论:2D-STI联合QAS-R可以评价淋巴瘤患者化疗后右室功能改变。

超声心动图评价动脉性肺动脉高压患者左室功能的研究进展

动脉性肺动脉高压(PAH)是由肺血管重塑导致肺动脉压力升高的进展性疾病,属于第一类肺动脉高压。其主要表现为肺血管阻力进行性增高进而出现右心衰竭,且因双心室依赖性和血流动力学等因素,左心功能亦会受到影响。近年来,超声心动图凭借实时性、无辐射和可重复性等优点,已成为临床上检查心脏结构与功能异常的重要检查。随着斑点追踪成像、压力应变环和三维超声心动图等新技术的日渐成熟,超声心动图对心肌功能的分析更加便捷、准确。本文就超声心动图新技术在评价PAH患者左室功能中的研究进展进行综述。

左心房扩张指数联合斑点追踪成像评价房颤射频消融术前及术后左心房功能

目的:应用左心房扩张指数(LAEI)联合三维斑点追踪成像(3D-STI)评价心房颤动(AF)患者射频消融术(RFCA)前后左心房功能。方法:选取2022年12月—2023年6月威海市中心医院RFCA治疗成功的31例阵发性AF患者(设为PAF组)、32例持续性AF患者(设为CAF组)及30例健康志愿者(设为对照组)为研究对象,均进行常规及三维超声心动图检查获得LAEI,应用3D-STI对三维图像进行分析获得左心房心肌整体纵向应变(GLS)、圆周应变(GCS),比较三组研究对象以及PAF组和CAF组术前与术后各参数差异,分析LAEI与GLS、GCS之间的相关性。结果:与对照组比较,术前PAF组和CAF组GLS、GCS、LAEI减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与术前相比,术后PAF组和CAF组GLS、GCS、LAEI增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LAEI与GLS、GCS呈显著负相关性(P<0.05)。结论:较健康志愿者,AF患者左心房功能已受损;RFCA术后,PAF和CAF患者左心房功能改善;LAEI、GLS、GCS能早期有效评价左心房功能的变化。

超声心动图评估肺高压的研究进展

肺高压(PH)是一种以肺动脉压持续异常升高为特征的血流动力学疾病,PH患者的临床表现与右心室功能异常程度及右心衰竭有关。超声心动图检查具有方便和无创等优点,可用来评估心脏结构及功能,以及估测肺动脉压力,目前已成为PH的首选检查方法。随着超声心动图技术不断发展,实时三维超声心动图、三维斑点追踪技术及声学造影等均在PH的诊断中发挥着重要作用。超声心动图结合其他辅助检查方法,在PH患者检查过程中可获得更多有效信息,为PH患者的诊断、治疗、疗效评估及预后等多方面内容提供评价依据。

四维自动右心室定量分析技术在评价肺切除术后右心功能的应用

目的利用四维自动右心室定量分析技术(4D Auto RV)评价肺切除术后患者的早期右心室容积和功能变化情况。方法选取2021年1月~2022年12月在中国科学技术大学附属第一医院行胸腔镜下肺结节肺切除术的患者51例,其中单纯肺段或肺楔形切除25例,肺叶切除26例。在进行肺切除的术前和术后1月内行超声心动图检查,利用4D Auto RV技术评估肺切除术后右心室容积和功能的变化,右心室容积参数包括右室舒张末期容积(EDV)、右室收缩末期容积(ESV)、每搏输出量等。右心室功能参数包括右心室射血分数(RVEF)、三尖瓣环纵向位移(TAPSE)、面积变化分数(FAC)及右心室整体纵向应变(RV-GPLS)、游离壁侧纵向应变(RV-FWPLS)。结果胸腔镜下肺切除术后早期右心室容积增加,具体表现为手术前后的EDV、ESV发生变化(P<0.05),每搏输出量在手术前后的变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)。右心室功能参数FAC、RV-GPLS、RV-FWPLS在手术前后的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其对手术引起的右心室功能改变较敏感,而RVEF和TAPSE在手术前后的变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单纯肺段/楔形切除术与肺叶切除术两种手术切除范围对患者术后右心容积和功能参数变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肺切除术后早期阶段,尽管患者可能未表现出明显的临床症状,但通过4D Auto RV技术发现术后右心室扩张,早期出现右心室轻度功能障碍,表现为FAC、RV-GPLS和RV-FWPLS减低。

二维斑点追踪成像技术检测GLS评价脓毒性休克患者心肌损伤的价值分析

目的 探讨二维斑点追踪成像技术(2D STI)检测左心室整体纵向应变(GLS)评价脓毒性休克患者心肌损伤的价值。方法 选取117例脓毒性休克患者为观察组、102例健康志愿者为对照组,均检查GLS、左心室射血分数(LVEF)及血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、N末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)。分析脓毒性休克患者GLS与LVEF、cTnI、NT-proBNP的相关性。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析GLS对心肌损伤的评价价值。结果 观察组GLS绝对值、LVEF低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),cTnI、NT-proBNP水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);脓毒性休克患者GLS绝对值与LVEF呈正相关(P<0.05),与血清cTnI、NT-proBNP水平呈负相关(P<0.05);心肌损伤患者GLS绝对值[(16.26±2.69)%]低于非心肌损伤患者[(21.78±1.45)%](P<0.001);GLS值诊断脓毒性休克患者心肌损伤的最佳截断点为-20.259,灵敏度为84.15%,特异度为80.00%,曲线下面积为0.815。结论 2D STI技术中的GLS值对脓毒性休克患者心肌损伤具有较好的诊断价值。

二维斑点追踪成像技术对冠状动脉不同程度狭窄的价值

目的:心血管疾病是世界范围内首位致死性疾病,早期评估冠状动脉狭窄程度,能够明显提高患者的生存率,应用二维斑点追踪成像技术,探讨左室整体纵向应变在冠状动脉不同程度狭窄诊断中的的价值。方法:选取我院2023年6月至2024年1月收治的疑似冠心病者,均做冠状动脉造影、常规超声心动图检查、应用二维斑点追踪成像技术测量左室整体纵向应变(Global Longitudinal Strain,GLS),并同时观察牛眼图的颜色变化的61名患者为研究对象,以冠状动脉造影检查的结果为金标准:按照一支或多支冠状动脉管腔或大分支狭窄程度分为三组,低于50%的为对照组,介于50%~70%的为低危组,大于70%的为高危组,比较三组常规超声参数,左室GLS及牛眼图的颜色变化对诊断室壁运动正常的冠状动脉不同程度狭窄的价值。结果:常规超声参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);左室GLS随着冠状动脉狭窄程度的加重而降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。牛眼图随着冠状动脉狭窄程度加重,颜色变浅。结论:在室壁运动正常的冠心病患者中,二维斑点追踪成像技术能够较敏感地发现心肌缺血,左室GLS随着冠状动脉狭窄程度的加重而降低,该技术可能为临床医生提供新的诊断手段。

超声心动图参数评估ICU冠心病患者预后的分析

目的探析ICU冠心病(CHD)患者预后分析中,超声三维心动图(RT-3DE)的应用价值。方法选取108例ICU-CHD患者为对象,所有患者均接受PCI术治疗,分别采用二维斑点追踪技术(2DS)、RT-3DE评估患者预后情况。结果左室RT-3DE参数相比,LVEF术前<术后1个月<术后半年(P<0.05);其他超声参数相比,术前>术后1个月>术后半年(P<0.05)。LAVmax、LAVmin术前>术后1个月>术后半年(P<0.05);IVRT、Ar水平:术后半年<术后1个月<术前;E/A水平:术后半年>术后1个月>术前(P<0.05)。预后评估灵敏度、特异度、符合率相比,RT-3DE均较高(P<0.05)。结论RT-3DE能更加清晰反馈ICU-CHD患者治疗后的左心室、左心房相关参数变化,灵敏度、特异度及符合度均较高,值得推广。

超声心动图评估肝硬化患者心脏病变的研究进展

肝硬化性心肌病(Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy,CCM)是指终末期肝病患者在排除其他既往心脏病的基础上,因系统血流动力学改变引起的慢性心功能不全。既往研究表明,超负荷容量及超动力循环可导致肝硬化患者心脏结构及功能改变。因此,应用超声心动图早期评估其心脏病变,以适时干预病变发生发展,是改善预后的核心环节。本文就近年来各种超声心动图技术评估肝硬化患者的心脏结构、功能及血流动力学等研究进展进行综述,并提出联合多种超声心动图新技术能相互取长补短,提供更全面的定量分析。

应用三维斑点追踪成像技术对扩张型心肌病患者心肌运动变化特点的研究

目的应用三维斑点追踪成像（3D-STE）技术研究扩张型心肌病（DCM）患者心肌运动变化的特点。方法应用3D-STE技术分析69例DCM患者左心室收缩期总体纵向应变（GLS）、径向应变（GRS）、圆周应变（GCS）以及面积应变（GAS）峰值。按照左心室射血分数（LVEF）将所有患者分为A组（LVEF：35%~50%）和B组（LVEF：〈35%）,比较2组各测量值差异,并分析各总体应变与LVEF的相关性。结果 A组GLS、GRS、GCS、GAS均高于B组（P〈0.01）。A组GLS、GRS、GCS、GAS与LVEF均具有相关性（r分别为-0.871、0.610、-0.423、-0.797,P〈0.05）;B组GCS、GRS、GAS与LVEF具有相关性（r分别为-0.517、0.368、-0.438,P〈0.05）,GLS与LVEF无明显相关性。结论 3D-STE技术可以评价DCM患者心肌运动变化,GLS可以作为DCM患者预后的重要参考指标。

二维斑点追踪检测心肌跨壁应变梯度在非ST段抬高型心肌梗死中的应用

目的探讨应用二维斑点追踪超声心动图(STE)检测心肌跨壁应变梯度(TMSG)识别非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)的准确性。方法对58例首次NSTEMI患者(冠状动脉造影前)和50名健康成年人行STE检查,分别测量心内膜下心肌和心外膜下心肌的径向、圆周应变及跨壁应变梯度,并进行统计学分析。结果梗死心肌心内膜下心肌的径向和圆周应变均低于正常心肌(P均<0.001),跨壁梯度显著减小(P均<0.001)。应用TMSG-RS预测梗死心肌的ROC曲线下面积最大(AUC=0.87,P<0.001),以TMSG-RS≤-7.24%为界值,诊断NSTEMI的敏感度和特异度分别为89.30%和80.40%。结论 NSTEMI时梗死心肌的跨壁应变梯度显著减小;STE可通过检测心肌TMSG-RS准确识别梗死心肌。

超声二维应变技术评价动脉粥样硬化颈动脉壁弹性

目的应用超声二维应变技术探讨颈动脉粥样硬化患者颈动脉管壁短轴方向的圆周应变及圆周应变率的分布特点,评价颈动脉粥样硬化患者颈动脉弹性的变化。方法病例组47例颈动脉粥样硬化患者,根据所采集切面斑块的有无分为斑块组和无斑块组;对照组44例正常人。以超声斑点追踪二维应变技术测量各组颈总动脉管壁短轴方向整体及各节段的收缩期峰值圆周应变、峰值圆周应变率。结果病例组中,有斑块组、无斑块组收缩期峰值整体圆周应变、收缩期峰值整体圆周应变率及3~5点、5~7点的收缩期峰值圆周应变、收缩期峰值圆周应变率均较对照组明显降低（P〈0.05）;有斑块组收缩期峰值整体圆周应变、收缩期峰值整体圆周应变率及3~5点、5~7点、7~9点收缩期峰值圆周应变、峰值圆周应变率较无斑块组明显降低（P〈0.05）。收缩期峰值整体圆周应变率与僵硬度参数（β,r=-0.26,P〈0.05）、压力应变弹性模量（Ep,r=-0.24,P〈0.05）呈显著负相关。结论超声斑点追踪二维应变技术为颈动脉粥样硬化患者颈动脉管壁弹性的评价提供了新的方法,使早期血管壁病变的评价成为可能。

超声二维斑点追踪显像技术评价妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的胎儿心室力学及功能变化的研究

目的应用超声二维斑点追踪显像技术评价妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的胎儿及产后新生儿左、右心室功能和结构的变化规律和特点。方法选择深圳市南山区妇幼保健院妊娠期糖尿病孕妇（妊娠期糖尿病孕妇组,年龄21~39岁,平均年龄27.1岁;孕24~28周、32~36周;按孕周分2组）及妊娠期糖尿病产妇的新生儿（糖尿病母亲婴儿组,年龄3~25 d,平均年龄12.0 d）各20例;正常对照孕妇（正常对照孕妇组,年龄20~36岁,平均年龄25.6岁;孕24~28周、32~36周;按孕周分2组）40例及正常产妇的新生儿（正常产妇的新生儿组,年龄7~26 d,平均年龄14.0 d）20例。行超声检查,存储心尖四腔心切面,应用二维斑点追踪显像技术测量左、右心室游离壁及室间隔的基底段、中间段及心尖段心肌和心内膜下心肌及室间隔收缩期最大应变率（SRs）、舒张期最大应变率（SRd）,脉冲多普勒测量二、三尖瓣口的舒张期早期峰值流速E峰、舒张晚期峰值流速A峰,计算E/A比值,超声心动图测量左、右心室及室间隔的心肌厚度。结果与对照组相比,妊娠期糖尿病孕妇组孕32~36周胎儿室间隔,左、右心室壁舒张末期厚度均较正常对照孕妇组增厚,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。妊娠期糖尿病孕妇组胎儿心脏二、三尖瓣口血流频谱的E/A比正常对照孕妇组小,其中妊娠期糖尿病孕妇组孕32~36周胎儿及糖尿病母亲婴儿组E/A降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;妊娠期糖尿病孕妇组孕32~36周胎儿及糖尿病母亲婴儿组心室各段心肌SRs、SRd均减低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;妊娠期糖尿病孕妇组孕24~28周胎儿SRs与正常对照孕妇组比较,无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但SRd降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论应用二维斑点追踪显像技术可以检测妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎儿左、右心室长轴心内膜下心肌的应变变化,可以早期发现妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎儿及新生儿心室肌舒缩功能的减退。因此二维斑点追踪显像技术可以无创、精确地检测妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎儿心室肌功能的变化。

七氟醚对冠状动脉旁路移植术患者左心室纵向和环向运动的影响

目的评价七氟醚对心肺转流（CPB）下冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）患者左心室纵向运动及环向运动的影响。方法择期CPB下行CABG患者26例,年龄45~75岁,身高152~181cm,体重43~78kg,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,NYHA 2或3级。采用随机数字表法,将其分为两组：观察组（S组,n=15）、对照组（C组,n=11）。S组在停CPB 15min后吸入呼气末浓度相当于l MAC七氟醚30min,随后洗脱30min,C组未吸入七氟醚。于锯胸骨前（T0）、停止CPB后15 min吸入七氟醚前（T1）、吸入七氟醚30min（T2）、洗脱30min（T3）时记录MAP、HR、CVP、肺动脉阻塞压（PAOP）和经食管超声心动图（TEE）监测指标：左心室射血分数（LVEF）、心排出量（CO）、每搏量（SV）、左心室纵向运动全局应变均数（GLS）、左心室环向运动全局应变均数（GCS）。结果 T1、T2时S组,T1~T3时C组HR明显快于T0时;T2、T3时S组HR明显慢于T1时和C组（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。T2时S组MAP明显低于T0时（P〈0.05）,T3时S组MAP明显高于T2时（P〈0.05）。两组CVP、PAOP组间组内差异无统计学意义。T1时两组CO、SV和LVEF明显高于T0时,T2、T3时C组CO明显高于T0时（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。T1、T3时S组,T1、T2时C组GLS明显高于T0时,T3时S组GLS明显高于T2时,C组明显高于T1时;T2时S组GLS明显低于C组（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。T1、T3时两组GCS明显高于T0时,T3时S组GCS明显高于T2时,T2时S组GCS明显低于C组（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。结论 CPB后吸入呼气末浓度1 MAC的七氟醚同时抑制了左心室心肌的纵向运动及环向运动。

实时三维超声心动图与二维斑点追踪成像技术共同评价心肌梗死患者左室收缩功能与同步性

目的探讨二维斑点追踪成像(2D-STI)及实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评价AMI患者左心室收缩功能和各节段运动的同步性.方法 50例急性心肌梗死患者为病例组,30例正常体检者为对照组,应用CMQ软件获取各节段径向圆周应变及应变率曲线,然后转变为RT-3DE模式,得到17节段时间-体积曲线(VTC),并获得收缩功能以及非同步收缩参数.结果 1)与对照组相比,心肌梗死组3个水平所有节段径向应变值和圆周应变值均减低;2)心梗组患者Trs-SD,Tcs-SD,Trsr-SD,Tcsr-SD明显高于对照组(P<0.05);3)与单支冠状动脉病变心梗组比较,多支冠状动脉病变心梗组LVEDV,LVESV显著增加,LVEF显著减小;4)病例组患者左室Tmsv17-SD,Tmsv17-Dif,Tmsv17-SD%,Tmsv17-Dif%均较对照组增大(P<0.05).结论 RT-3DE和2D-STI可以准确地量化左室收缩功能,评价AMI患者左室运动的同步性,左室收缩功能障碍也影响收缩同步性.