High-order targeted essentially non-oscillatory scheme for two-fluid plasma model

The weakly ionized plasma flows in aerospace are commonly simulated by the single-fluid model,which cannot describe certain nonequilibrium phenomena by finite collisions of particles,decreasing the fidelity of the solution.Based on an alternative formulation of the targeted essentially non-oscillatory(TENO)scheme,a novel high-order numerical scheme is proposed to simulate the two-fluid plasmas problems.The numerical flux is constructed by the TENO interpolation of the solution and its derivatives,instead of being reconstructed from the physical flux.The present scheme is used to solve the two sets of Euler equations coupled with Maxwell's equations.The numerical methods are verified by several classical plasma problems.The results show that compared with the original TENO scheme,the present scheme can suppress the non-physical oscillations and reduce the numerical dissipation.

Temperature and current sensitivity extraction of optical superconducting transition-edge sensors based on a two-fluid model

Optical superconducting transition-edge sensor(TES)has been widely used in quantum information,biological imaging,and fluorescence microscopy owing to its high quantum efficiency,low dark count,and photon number resolving capability.The temperature sensitivity(α_(I))and current sensitivity(β_(I))are important parameters for optical TESs,which are generally extracted from the complex impedance.Here we present a method to extractα_(I)andβ_(I)based on a two-fluid model and compare the calculated current-voltage curves,pulse response,and theoretical energy resolution with the measured ones.This method shows qualitative agreement that is suitable for further optimization of optical TESs.

Anisotropic Plane Symmetric Two-Fluid Cosmological Model with Time-Varying G and A

We investigate a two-fluid anisotropic plane symmetric cosmological model with variable gravitational constant G（t） and cosmological term A（t）. In the two-fluid model, one fluid is chosen to be that of the radiation field modeling the cosmic microwave background and the other one a perfect fluid modeling the material content of the universe. Exact solutions of the field equations are obtained by using a special form for the average scale factor which corresponds to a specific time-varying deceleration parameter. The model obtained presents a cosmological scenario which describes an early acceleration and late-time deceleration. The gravitation constant increases with the cosmic time whereas the cosmological term decreases and asymptotically tends to zero. The physical and kinematical behaviors of the associated fluid parameters are discussed.

Numerical Simulation of Countercurrent Flow in a PWR Hot Leg by Using Two-Fluid Model

In order to evaluate CCFL （countercurrent flow limitation） characteristics in a PWR （pressurized water reactor） hot leg under reflux condensation, numerical simulations have been conducted using a 2F （two-fluid） model and a VOF （volume of fluid） method implemented in the CFD （computational fluid dynamics） software, FLUENT6.3.26. The 2F model gave good agreement with CCFL data in low pressure conditions but did not give good results for high pressure steam-water conditions. In the previous study, the computational grid and schemes were improved in the VOF method to improve calculations in circular tubes, and the calculated CCFL characteristics agreed well with the UPTF （Upper Plenum Test Facility） data at 1.5 MPa. In this study, therefore, using the 2F model and the computational grid previously improved for the VOF calculations, numerical simulations were conducted for steam-water flows at 1.5 MPa under PWR full-scale conditions. In the range of medium gas volumetric fluxes, the calculated CCFL characteristics agreed well with the values calculated by the VOF method and the UPTF data at 1.5 MPa. This indicated that the reference set of the interfacial drag correlations employed in this study could be applied not only to low pressures but also to high pressures.

汽车4S店TFM客户细分模型及其方法研究

针对汽车4S店客户消费模式不同于其他行业,而传统RFM模型难以适用于汽车4S店客户细分的问题,课题组对传统RFM模型的数据分析指标进行优化改进,形成可适用于汽车4S店的TFM客户细分模型.该模型可依据客户的行为属性通过K均值聚类算法进行客户细分,最后随机抽取某汽车4S店客户数据进行实验验证.实验结果表明,改进的TFM模型能够有效细分客户,为汽车4S店针对不同价值的客户制定相应的个性化服务以及营销策略提供了良好的参考依据.

基于TFM-PBM耦合模型的离心泵内微气泡破碎合并的模拟研究

了解离心泵内微气泡的发生特性,对于优化现有基于旋转流场的微气泡发生装置的性能、提高工业废水废气的污染物去除率至关重要。在考虑气泡破碎合并的前提下,通过将双流体模型(TFM)与群体平衡模型(PBM)进行耦合,求解离心泵内气液两相旋转流场,研究了入口体积气含率(IGVF)、入口气泡尺寸对泵内气泡沿程尺寸变化、出口气泡尺寸分布的影响,并结合Luo等的破碎合并模型分析成因。结果表明,随IGVF增加,叶轮内气体聚集引起局部气含率陡升,气泡由破碎主导转变为合并主导,而后在蜗壳内气含率恢复正常,气泡又变为破碎主导,总体上出口气泡尺寸逐渐增大。另外,入口气泡尺寸对出口气泡尺寸的影响对IGVF敏感,当IGVF较低时,随入口气泡尺寸增大,出口气泡尺寸先增大后减小;而当IGVF较高时,由于泵内气体聚集,入口气泡尺寸的影响并不明显。

多晶硅流化床反应器内气固两相流场与气泡尺寸分布的TFM-KTGF模拟

硅烷流化床法是生产太阳能级多晶硅的重要技术,流化床反应器床层内的气泡大小和分布特性是影响晶体硅纯度和致密度的关键因素。使用TFM-KTGF两相流模型,基于Ansys Fluent软件平台模拟计算了多晶硅流化床内气固两相流场。在200倍粒径的网格尺寸条件下,对直径0.5m的圆柱形流化床多晶硅反应器内等温流场进行了模拟,借助Matlab图像处理工具对气含率进行后处理,得到多晶硅流化床内气泡尺寸分布。比较了经典的Gidaspow曳力模型和文献报道的亚网格修正曳力模型(SGS)对气泡尺寸分布的影响。结果表明:由SGS模型得到的平均气泡尺寸沿床高变化规律与Mori-Wen经验公式较吻合,最大偏差是12.6%,小于Gidaspow模型的21.4%;使用不同的曳力模型对气泡分布特性有较大影响。这些结果为进一步开展多晶硅反应器的热态模拟研究提供了基础。

REVIEW ON MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME TWO-PHASE FLOW MODELS

The two-phase flow models are commonly used in industrial applications, such as nuclear, power, chemical-process, oil-and-gas, cryogenics, bio-medical, micro-technology and so on. This is a survey paper on the study of compressible nonconservative two-fluid model, drift-flux model and viscous liquid-gas two-phase flow model. We give the research developments of these three two-phase flow models, respectively. In the last part, we give some open problems about the above models.

Physically based modeling and animation of tornado

Realistic modeling and rendering of dynamic tornado scene is recognized as a challenging task for researchers of computer graphics. In this paper a new physically based method for simulating and animating tornado scene is presented. We first propose a Two-Fluid model based on the physical theory of tornado, then we simulate the flow of tornado and its interaction with surrounding objects such as debris, etc. Taking the scattering and absorption of light by the participating media into account, the illumination effects of the tornado scene can be generated realistically. With the support of graphics hardware, various kinds of dynamic tornado scenes can be rendered at interactive rates.

Experimental Determination and Modeling of Bubble Size Distributions in Bubble Columns

Using a five point conductivity technique local values of bubble size,bubble velocity and gas fractionhave been experimentally determined in a 288 mmID and 4.3 m high bubble column as a function of axial andradial position for the air/water and CO2/N2/aqueous MDEA systems.The experimental results are comparedwith predictions from a fundamental two-fluid model.The implementation of a non-steady lateral drag term inthe two-fluid model has been shown.In addition to improving the physical realism of the model,it is found togive slight improvements in the predictions of the distributions of local bubble size.Predictions of bubble size arefound in reasonable agreement with experimental values in the heterogeous flow regime,whereas they are stil1found to be unreliable at low gas velocities.Local void predictions are found in reasonable agreement with experi-mental values,but deviations occur in the homogeneous flow regime towards the wall.This is attributed to defi-ciencies in the simplified bubble size

A THREE-FLUID MODEL OF THE SAND-DRIVEN FLOW

The sand-driven flow is studied from the continuum viewpoint in this paper. The crux of this work is how to model the stresses of the particle phase properly. By analysing the two-fluid model which usually, works in solving gas-particle two-phase .flow,. we find that this model has many. deficiencies for studying the sand-driven flow,even for the simplest case- the steady, two-dimensional fully-developed flow.Considering this, we have proposed the three-fluid model in which the upward particles and the downward-particles ore regarded as two kinds of fluids respectively.It is shown that the three-fluid model is better than the two-fluid model in reflecting the internal structure of the flow, region and the influence of the boundary situations on the flow. and it is advantageous to find an approximate solution in that the main components of the particle-phase stresses can be explicitly expressed by those variables in the three-fluid model.In the end, the governing equations as well as the boundary. conditions for the three-fluid model are provided with a discussion.

An improved semi-empirical friction model for gas-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal and near horizontal pipes

Pressure drop and liquid hold-up are two very important fluid flow parameters in design and control of multiphase flow pipelines.Friction factors play an important role in the accurate calculation of pressure drop.Various empirical and semi-empirical closure relations exist in the literature to calculate the liquid-wall,gas-wall and interfacial friction in two-phase pipe flow.However most of them are empirical correlations found under special experimental conditions.In this paper by modification of a friction model available in the literature,an improved semiempirical model is proposed.The proposed model is incorporated in the two-fluid correlations under equilibrium conditions and solved.Pressure gradient and velocity profiles are validated against experimental data.Using the improved model,the pressure gradient deviation from experiments diminishes by about 3%;the no-slip condition at the interface is satisfied and the velocity profile is predicted in better agreement with the experimental data.

Modeling and Simulation of the Hydrodynamic Behavior in a High-Density Downer Reactor

The hydrodynamic behavior in a high-density downer reactor was studied. A two-fluid model based on the kinetic theory of granular flow with a k-ε turbulent model was developed to simulate the flow behavior in the system. This simulation achieved an averaged solid fraction in the bed as high as 18% in this operating regime. The flow development in high-density downer consists of 3 regions, which are first acceleration, second acceleration, and fully developed regions. In the fully developed region, the lateral distribution of the solid volume fraction is low and almost uniform in the center region with a high density peak near the wall region. Gas and solid velocities gradually increase toward the wall and form a peak near the wall region. In addition, the solid volume fraction, gas and solid velocities increase with solid circulation rate.

Validation of an improved two-fluid model with particle rotation for gas-solid fluidized bed

Gas-solid fluidized beds are widely applied in chemical and process engineering.It is of significance to establish a reasonable and effective mathematical model to explore the hydrodynamics of gas-particle system for industrial applications.As a less computationally demanding alternative to the discrete descriptions,two-fluid model considering kinetic theory of granular flow is often adopted to describe the fluidized behaviors of particles,but it cannot characterize the rotation of particles and its influence on the fluidized behaviors.In this study,to address the rotation effect of the fluidized particles,a two-fluid model combining the classical fluid and micropolar fluid is established,namely CMTFM.In the CMTFM,classical fluid is used to describe the motion of gas phase,while micropolar fluid is adopted to describe the motion of particle phase,and the rotation of particles and its influence on the hydrodynamics of the gas-particle system are characterized by the degree of freedom of microrotation and the improved drag force based on micropolar viscosities.In the calculation of the gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed,we investigated the influence of the microstructure parameters,particle-particle collision restitution coefficient and inlet velocity,and the results are compared to those from TFM model and experiments.Through the analysis,it manifests that pressure drop and expansion height of the fluidized bed under the consideration of the microrotation effect are closer to the experiments,which demonstrates the feasibility and advantage of the classical-micropolar two-fluid model.

Prediction of pressure gradient and hold-up in horizontal liquid-liquid pipe flow

This paper aims to propose correlations to predict pressure gradient,friction factor and fluid phase hold-up in liquid-liquid horizontal pipe flow.To develop the correlations,experiments are conducted using high viscous oils(202 and 630 mPa⋅s)in a steel pipe of length 11.25 m and length-to-diameter ratio of 708.In addition,the experimental data from the literature comprising wide range of flow and fluid properties is analyzed.For the analysis,the liquid-liquid pipe flow data is categorized into two as:stratified and dispersed.The existing friction factor correlations are modified to incorporate the effects of viscosity of the oil phase,interfacial curvature(contact/wetting angle-in lieu of material of the pipe)and fluid phase fraction.In the two-fluid model of stratified flow,the wall stress and interfacial stress correlations are substituted with superficial velocities of fluids and superficial Reynolds numbers of fluid phases replacing fluid phase velocities and fluid Reynolds numbers.Similarly,for dispersed flow,an effective Reynolds number is described as the sum of superficial Reynolds number of oil and water phases.Substituting the generally employed mean or mixture Reynolds number with the effective Reynolds number into the existing single-phase turbulent flow friction factor correlation,an effective friction factor for oil-water flow is proposed.Employing the proposed correlations,the pressure gradient across the oil-water flow and hold-up volume fraction are predicted with significant reduction in error compared with that of conventionally employed correlations.The average error and standard deviation values of−7.06%,20.72%and 0.31%,18.79%are found for stratified flow and dispersed flow respectively.

一种尺度无关的滤波曳力模型的固气密度比影响分析

气固两相流系统的物性参数一般会影响滤波曳力模型进而影响其应用,但固气密度比对滤波曳力的影响规律尚不明确。本文采用一种尺度无关滤波曳力建模方法对一定固气密度比范围(200~2015)的细网格模拟数据进行分析发现,采用气相压力梯度、当地固含率和周边固含率(三倍于滤波尺度的滤波固含率)分类后的滤波曳力具有尺度无关和对密度比变化不敏感的特性。因此本文基于不同固气密度比细网格数据构建了系列滤波曳力模型,先验和后验分析显示,相比于文献报道的物性修正曳力模型,本文所构建的介尺度曳力模型的预测结果更加接近细网格结果和实验结果,且具有尺度无关和对密度比变化敏感度低的特点。

浓相高密度气固流化床动力学特性模拟研究

气固流化床内部运动状态和流体力学特性是研究者普遍关心的问题。浓相高密气固流化床就有不同于一般化学工业流化床的特点:固相介质密度高(4.0-5.0g/cm3),空隙率小(0.3-0.42),气相速度小(0.15-0.30m/s)。使用基于物质、质量守恒定律建立了双流体模型对气固流化床动力学特性进行了模拟研究。在二维直角坐标系中用控制容积差分法离散方程,并在气相表观速度为0.157m/s条件下,基于0.1 cm*0.1 cm的交错网格,求解了时间长度为1.2秒的固体介质流动状态。计算结果表明:固相的流动形态为中心上升边界下降的趋势。该结果与试验结果符合的很好。

考虑土壤中硝态氮转化作用的传递函数模型

本文运用传递函数模型 ,模拟了冬小麦从播种至返青期地中渗透计土壤 2m出流处的NO-3 N浓度动态 .假设模拟时段内冬小麦的根系吸氮与累积实际蒸散量成正比 ,计算了冬小麦的吸氮动态 (汇项 ) ;联立由田间氮素平衡法所得的净矿化项 (源汇项 )从而获得净源汇项 .在模型中将NO-3 N在土壤中的主要转化作用作为源汇项嵌入传递函数的模型中 ,建立了NO-3 N这一不稳定溶质在土壤中淋失的传递函数模型 .通过对比实测资料 ,表明作者提出的考虑NO-3

热断层扫描成像技术体检后续服务实践

本中心在开展热断层扫描成像技术(TTM)中,实践检后服务延伸模式,提供各种检后服务,如建立电子健康档案、予以健康评估、提供健康管理方案、提供治疗保健服务等,以此为受检者提供大病风险预测、亚健康评估,以及治疗疗效评估等具体应用。该模式能有效提高客户的忠诚度,并为单纯体检服务向健康管理服务转变的需要提供优质平台,具有推广价值。

考虑残留氮对非稳定流场硝态氮淋失贡献的传递函数模型 Ⅱ.农田应用

应用田间冬小麦-夏玉米生长条件下土壤硝态氮淋失动态的试验资料,对所提出的可估计表施和残留氮对土壤非稳定流场中硝态氮淋失贡献的传递函数模型进行了检验。首先,对所选定的农田中的两个土壤剖面,估算了硝态氮和氯离子的中值与均值迁移时间,然后,利用我们的模型,使用其中一个土壤剖面标定硝态氮和氯离子运移的概率密度函数的参数,接着,应用标定后的传递函数模型,模拟了另一个土壤剖面的硝态氮淋失浓度和累积淋失量动态,并分别估算了表施和残留氮占硝态氮总淋失量的分数。结果表明:提出的传递函数模型在农田条件下对土壤硝态氮累积淋失量模拟的相对误差为14 89%。