A Simple Egg Membrane Patch Bridging Method for Repairing Tympanic Membrane Perforation

Objective:To analyze the clinical effect of a simple egg membrane patch bridging method in repairing tympanic membrane perforation.Methods:A total of 93 tympanic membrane perforation patients admitted to the hospital between September 2022 and October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method.The control group implemented the conventional treatment(n=46 cases),and the patch group adopted the simple egg membrane patch bridging method(n=47 cases).The healing rate of the tympanic membrane,the air-bone gap,the air conduction hearing threshold,the dry ear rate,and the incidence of complications in both groups were compared before and after treatment.Results:The healing rate of the tympanic membrane in the patch group was significantly higher than that of the control group(95.75%vs.76.09%),with P<0.05;there was no difference in the air-bone gap and air conduction hearing threshold levels between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05),and the hearing indexes of the patch group were significantly lower than those of the control group 3 months after treatment(P<0.05);the dry ear rate in the patch group was significantly higher than that of the control group after treatment(85.11%vs.67.39%),and the total incidence of complications was also significantly lower than that of the control group(6.38%vs.21.74%),with P<0.05.Conclusion:The simple egg membrane patch bridging method is effective in repairing tympanic membrane perforation,which can effectively improve patients’hearing levels and reduce the occurrence of post-treatment complications.Thus,it is worth popularizing and applying in the clinic.

Characteristics of the tertiary egg membrane of cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune

We separated tertiary egg membrane （TGM） from 2- and 25-day-old eggs of cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune, and revealed its ultrastructure, physical （solubility, barrier property） and biochemical （histology, histochemistry, nutritional components, bacteriostasis） characteristics. The results show that TGM could not be dissolved with natural seawater, alcohol, ether or hydrochloric acid （HC1）, but it could be dissolved with 2-chloroethanol, diethylamine, and sodium hydroxide （NaOH）. The black TGM was more effective in blocking off mud particulates, microorganisms （Chlorella vulgaris, Vibrio alginolyticus） and lighter than the white TGM. The elasticity of black and white TGMs was 1.8 N and 1.5 N, respectively. There were some ink particulates and rod-shaped bacteria in the black TGM. The nutritional components were different between black and white TGMs： Lipid content was lower and protein content was higher in the black TGM. TGM could also inhibit the growth of Vibrio alginolyticus.

NEM® Brand Eggshell Membrane Effective in the Treatment of Pain and Stiffness Associated with Osteoarthritis of the Knee in an Italian Study Population

A single-center, open-label clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NEM® as a natural treatment for pain and stiffness associated with osteoarthritis of the knee in an Italian population. NEM® brand eggshell membrane is a unique dietary supplement that contains naturally occurring glycosaminoglycans and proteins essential for maintaining healthy joints and connective tissues. Twenty-five subjects received oral NEM®, 500 mg once daily for four weeks. The primary outcome measure was to evaluate the mean effectiveness of NEM® in relieving general pain associated with moderate osteoarthritis of the knee at 10 and 30 days utilizing a 10-question, abbreviated questionnaire based on the WOMAC osteoarthritis questionnaire. Supplementation with NEM® produced a significant treatment response from baseline at both 10 days and 30 days for composite pain (40.6% reduction, p p p = 0.009;59.7% reduction, p < 0.001, respectively). There were no adverse events or serious adverse events reported during the study and the treatment was reported to be well tolerated by study participants. NEM® is an effective and safe natural therapeutic option for the treatment of both pain and stiffness associated with osteoarthritis of the knee. Supplementation with NEM®, 500 mg taken once daily, significantly reduced both pain and stiffness rapidly (10 days) and this effect continued to improve through 30 days. There was also a meaningful reduction in the amount of analgesic consumed on a weekly basis, which further enhanced patients’ safety.

Extraction and identification of membrane proteins from black widow spider eggs

The eggs of oviparous animals are storehouses of maternal proteins required for embryonic development. Identification and molecular characterization of such proteins will provide much insight into the regulation of embryonic development. We previously analyzed soluble proteins in the eggs of the black widow spider （Latrodectus tredecimguttatus）, and report here on the extraction and mass spectrometric identification of the egg membrane proteins. Comparison of different lysis solutions indicated that the highest extraction of the membrane proteins was achieved with 3%-4% sodium laurate in 40 mmol/L Tris-HCI buffer containing 4% CHAPS and 2% DTT （pH 7.4）. SDS-PAGE combined with nLC- MS/MS identified 39 proteins with membranelocalization annotation, including those with structural, catalytic, and regulatory activities. Nearly half of the identified membrane proteins were metabolic enzymes involved in various cellular processes, particularly energy metabolism and biosynthesis, suggesting that relevant metabolic processes were active during the embryonic development of the eggs. Several identified cell membrane proteins were involved in the special structure formation and function of the egg cell membranes. The present proteomic analysis of the egg membrane proteins provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms of spider embryonic development.

The development of the region between the preexisting and nascent membranes during the first cleavage of Rana amurensis eggs

The region between the preexisting and nascentmembranes of a cleaving Rana egg is a dense protrusionregion of nearly 40μm wide at 180°stage.Later,thisregion differentiate,into an upper part,a strip withlong, branched and randomly distributed protrusionswhich are derived largely from the preexistingmembrane,and a lower part,a band with microvilli.During 4-and 8-cel1 stages,the strip is almost vanishedand microvilli in the band is shortened.The nascentmembrane is smooth at the 180°stage,then a rough areaappears below the smooth region and quickly expands.Wheat germ agglutinin which can bind to preexistingmembrane interrupts the development of the regionbetween the preexisting and nascent membranes.Detergent,Brij,having the property to increase the areaof nascent membrane,does not interrupt the developmentof the region between the preexisting and nascentmembranes.

Laser scanning fluorescence microscopic measurement of the movement of cleaving egg surface of Rana Amurensis

By laser scanning fluorescence microscopy for quan-titative measurement of fluorescence intensity changes on egg surface stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate duxing cleavage furrow extending forward, it was found that in area of presumptive cleavage furrow the scanning curve became ∨ shape, indicating dark stripe appeared in that place. Then the fluorescence intensity increased at the place where the botton of ∨ shape had located, and the scanning curve tuxned to ∧ shape, indicating single stripe was formed. While enhanced fluorescence appeared on the borders of ∧ shape, an M shape curve was found, show-ing double stripe occurred. During the distance between two borders of M shape incresing from 50 μm to 100μm,a fluorescence peak came to sight in the middle of the M shape, which being the cleavge furrow bottom. The two lateral sides of furrow bottom with decreasing fluorescence were nascent membrane. At that time the curve became W shape. By the sides of cleavage furrow the the stress folds became conspicous after double stripe stage, showing the stretching of the egg surface being increased. With our[31, 33] and others[32] reports that polylysine could induce the appearance of nascent membrane and phyto-hemagglutinins could decrease or prevent the appearance of nascent membrane, we believed the idea of Schroeder[25] that increasing mechanical stress could initiate nascent membrane formation and thought that the stress lay to the outsides of cleavage furrow.

A Chicken's Egg as a Reaction Vessel to Explore Biomineralization

Natural composites, formed through biomineralization, have highly ordered structures which have been aptly explored for functional applications. Though the role of organic phases has been well understood in biomineralization, not enough attention has been paid to the role of bio-membranes which are often found encapsulating the chamber in which mineralization occurs. We have used the natural protein and semi-permeable membrane of chicken eggs to grow different materials such as ceramics, semi-metals and metals to understand the role of bio-membranes in biomineralization. We here report the successful biomimetic synthesis of calcite, cadmium sulphide, and silver having homogeneous morphologies. We have found that the membrane operates like a tuned gateway, playing a significant role in controlling the morphology of the inorganic crystals formed during biomineralization.

锯缘青蟹卵膜变化与卵子附着研究

利用光镜和电镜观察了锯缘青蟹成熟卵及其受精后卵膜变化和卵子附着特征。锯缘青蟹成熟卵子卵膜有三层即外层、内层和质膜。卵子产出后，无论受精与否，外层和内层卵黄膜形成壳膜，与卵子附着有关。刚产出的卵子卵膜具有溶胶性和延展性，卵子与刚毛表面之间或卵子与卵子之间接触便粘在一起，由于刚毛摆动和卵子的重力作用，形成卵柄或卵索。卵子受精后，发生皮层反应形成受精膜。由壳膜和受精膜构成的孵化膜为初级卵膜，保护胚胎发育，直至幼体破膜而出。

市售鲜鸡蛋中沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及毒力岛基因检测

目的:监测市售鲜鸡蛋中沙门氏菌的污染情况,检测分离菌株的致病性及其毒力岛基因携带情况,了解沙门氏菌分离株毒力岛基因的携带与其致病力的相关性。方法:从陕西省不同地市的超市中随机购买鲜鸡蛋,无菌取其蛋壳膜分离沙门氏菌,聚合酶链式反应方法扩增沙门氏菌菌属特异性invA基因鉴定分离株;对分离菌株进行无特定病原体(SPF)雏鸡的致病性试验,依据GenBank发表的基因序列,设计引物聚合酶链式反应检测沙门氏菌毒力岛(SPI)核心蛋白基因。结果:从陕西省55家超市1100枚鲜蛋中分离鉴定出30株沙门氏菌,分离率达2.73%;动物致病性实验表明,30株沙门氏菌中13株有致病力,其中强致病力菌株有7株,占23.3%;分离菌株的毒力岛基因携带率分别为:SPI-1 60%、SPI-2 73.3%、SPI-3 100%、SPI-4 90%、SPI-5 76.7%,毒力岛基因SPI-1+SPI-2的携带与细菌致病性有关。结论:市售鲜鸡蛋中沙门氏菌携带率为2.73%,分离菌株对动物具有一定的致病力,毒力岛基因SPI-1+SPI-2的携带与沙门氏菌的致病性呈正相关。

中华绒螯蟹成熟卵形态和超微结构的研究

中华绒蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ） 的成熟卵仅有初级卵膜；无次级和三级卵膜。质膜初期厚而多 层，且具皱褶。卵核在卵的发育过程中变化很大。未发见中心粒。线粒体、内质网和高尔基体均始见 于蟹卵发育的初期。皮层颗粒先出现于蟹卵深部，随后移到卵的表层。无滋养细胞；蟹卵由卵泡细胞 提供物质，形成卵黄。此外，还可直接从血淋巴内摄取卵黄前身物质。

酶法提取鸡蛋壳膜胶原蛋白工艺

采用酶解法从鸡蛋膜中提取胶原蛋白,研究酶的种类、pH值、酶用量、料水比和提取时间对胶原蛋白提取的影响,采用单因素试验并结合L9(34)正交试验优化,得出酶法提取蛋壳膜中的胶原蛋白的最佳工艺条件为常温条件下质量分数6%木瓜蛋白酶在pH5、料水比1:100(g/mL)条件下、酶解5h,胶原蛋白的提取率达到0.91%。得到高效提取胶原蛋白的工艺,不仅解决了废弃鸡蛋壳膜的环境污染问题,而且在胶原蛋白生产工业有较大的实际利用价值。

沉性大卵径鱼卵的观察方法与虹鳟的胚胎发育

虹鳟等冷水性鱼类产沉性卵,由于卵膜较厚,不作特殊处理,肉眼无法直接观察其胚胎发育的过程.该研究分别采用0.6%～1.0%胰蛋白酶酶解透明、透明液处理和5%甲醛固定剥膜的方法对虹鳟的受精卵进行处理,在显微镜下比较3种处理方法并对虹鳟胚胎发育进行观察.结果表明,用胰蛋白醇适度处理以后,卵膜呈透明状态,可以用显微镜清楚的观察到各个发育时期;用透明液处理以后,卵膜仍然较厚,在发眼前期,仅可观察到胚胎的大致发育时期,发眼期以后,虽然可以观察到每一个发育时相,但效果较差;采用甲醛固定后卵膜及卵内物质变性,胚胎固化形态稳定,发育时相得以固定,机械去除卵膜以后,各发育时相清晰可见,进而可以深入研究其胚胎发育.通过对甲醛固定以后的胚胎观察,可以将虹鳟的胚胎发育分为囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、眼球色素出现期和循环期等21个时期.

加速发展我国洁蛋生产与消费重要性及关键技术探讨

综述了我国洁蛋生产消费的重要性研究进展,分析了我国洁蛋生产的现状及国外的生产情况,详细介绍了我国带壳鲜蛋清洗、消毒、干燥、分级、涂膜保鲜一系列的加工。

蛋鸡暗斑蛋形成机理的研究进展

蛋壳暗斑是一种蛋壳质量问题,主要是在内容物水分、蛋壳结构、环境等因素的相互作用下形成。文章综述了蛋壳暗斑的发生、分布、变化等规律,并从暗斑蛋蛋壳结构和基因变异等角度介绍了影响暗斑蛋形成的因素和可能导致暗斑蛋形成的原因。基于暗斑蛋蛋壳乳突层结构变异、蛋壳孔隙率增大、蛋壳基质蛋白含量增多、蛋鸡子宫部钙结合蛋白mRNA表达量的减少,蛋壳乳突层变异被认为可能是形成暗斑的根本原因。此外,近年来有研究证明,暗斑蛋的蛋壳膜厚度显著低于正常蛋,这可能是形成壳暗斑的一个重要因素。因此,关于蛋壳膜结构变异的研究还有待推进。

超滤法提取蛋清溶菌酶

对蛋清料液进行前处理:采用磷酸盐缓冲液稀释10倍,在24MPa压力下均质;对超滤工艺进行了研究,采用截留相对分子质量为30000的聚醚砜(PES)膜进行超滤;溶菌酶制品活力为14610U/mg.

联合冲击破碎、浮选和酸处理禽蛋壳膜提取方法的研究

以蛋膜的最大提取得率为目的,采用冲击破碎、浮选和低浓度酸处理的联合处理方法分离蛋壳与蛋膜来获得纯蛋壳膜。在蛋壳含水量为6.5%时用万能粉碎机粉碎10s后,通过80目筛面的细粉直接按纯蛋壳粉收集,筛上物经水中浮选分离,最终蛋膜的得率达到2.20%(折合蛋白膜回收率为90.5%),此时钙残留率为3.30%。再选择低浓度盐酸脱除蛋膜中的残留蛋壳。通过正交实验确定最佳脱钙条件为:盐酸浓度为0.4mol/L,料液比为1:20,反应时间为15min,在该条件下脱钙率达到94.51%。该法操作简单,成本低廉,且提取的蛋膜纯度较高。

鸡蛋膜的最新研究进展

鸡蛋膜正在成为环境学家和生物化学家关注的对象 ,本文先简要介绍了蛋膜的组成、结构和性能 ,然后综述了壳膜分离技术 ,最后从医药卫生、化妆品、轻工、分析测试和水处理 5个方面作了综述和展望。

生物鸡蛋内膜结构氧化铈材料的合成与表征

采用生物废弃材料鸡蛋内膜为模板,选取适当浓度的硝酸铈溶液,调节pH值,通过两步浸渍,经有机-无机界面上的表面化学及生物化学过程的交互作用,使生物膜与稀土元素铈均匀结合,并于550℃煅烧,合成了管状分级多孔氧化铈纳米材料.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)等测试手段对材料进行了表征.结果表明,该材料具有独特的纤维网络状生物形貌,是由内径500 nm、管壁厚约为250 nm的微米级氧化铈中空管所组成,其壁上含有大量1～5 nm孔径的颗粒堆积孔.考察了该材料对酸性品红染料脱色反应的催化活性,结果表明,当酸性品红浓度为20 mg/L和催化剂用量为0.2 g/L时,反应120 min后染料脱色率可达到90%以上.

生物模板法制备微纳米二氧化锡

以SnCl4.5H2O为起始原料,采用不同的生物模板(定量滤纸、鸡蛋内膜),通过浸渍和煅烧,在常压空气气氛中成功地制备出具有不同生物形态的微纳米SnO2。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征样品的相组成和微观结构。结果表明:两种模板所制得的产物纯度很高,且很好地复制了原模板的形貌。同时,研究了制备条件诸如煅烧温度和反应物浓度对产物结构、形貌和尺度的影响,并初步探讨了不同生物形态的微纳米SnO2形成的机理。