Cooperative Caching Strategy Based on Two-Layer Caching Model for Remote Sensing Satellite Networks

In Information Centric Networking(ICN)where content is the object of exchange,in-network caching is a unique functional feature with the ability to handle data storage and distribution in remote sensing satellite networks.Setting up cache space at any node enables users to access data nearby,thus relieving the processing pressure on the servers.However,the existing caching strategies still suffer from the lack of global planning of cache contents and low utilization of cache resources due to the lack of fine-grained division of cache contents.To address the issues mentioned,a cooperative caching strategy(CSTL)for remote sensing satellite networks based on a two-layer caching model is proposed.The two-layer caching model is constructed by setting up separate cache spaces in the satellite network and the ground station.Probabilistic caching of popular contents in the region at the ground station to reduce the access delay of users.A content classification method based on hierarchical division is proposed in the satellite network,and differential probabilistic caching is employed for different levels of content.The cached content is also dynamically adjusted by analyzing the subsequent changes in the popularity of the cached content.In the two-layer caching model,ground stations and satellite networks collaboratively cache to achieve global planning of cache contents,rationalize the utilization of cache resources,and reduce the propagation delay of remote sensing data.Simulation results show that the CSTL strategy not only has a high cache hit ratio compared with other caching strategies but also effectively reduces user request delay and server load,which satisfies the timeliness requirement of remote sensing data transmission.

Joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data for a two-layer model

Based on the synchronous joint gravity and magnetic inversion of single interface by Pilkington and the need of revealing Cenozoic and crystalline basement thickness in the new round of oil-gas exploration, we propose a joint gravity and magnetic inversion methodfor two-layer models by concentrating on the relationship between the change of thicknessI and position of the middle layer and anomaly and discuss the effects of the key parameters. Model tests and application to field data show the validity of this method.

Asymptotic solution of a weak nonlinear model for the mid-latitude stationary wind field of a two-layer barotropic ocean

A weak nonlinear model of a two-layer barotropic ocean with Rayleigh dissipation is built.The analytic asymptotic solution is derived in the mid-latitude stationary wind field,and the physical meaning of the corresponding problem is discussed.

Effect of the Coefficient on the Performance of A Two-Layer Boussinesq- Type Model

The coefficients embodied in a Boussinesq-type model are very important since they are determined to optimize the linear and nonlinear properties.In most conventional Boussinesq-type models,these coefficients are assigned the specific values.As for the multi-layer Boussinesq-type models with the inclusion of the vertical velocity,however,the effect of the different values of these coefficients on linear and nonlinear performances has never been investigated yet.The present study focuses on a two-layer Boussinesq-type model with the highest spatial derivatives being 2 and theoretically and numerically examines the effect of the coefficient on model performance.Theoretical analysis show that different values for(0.13≤α≤0.25)do not have great effects on the high accuracy of the linear shoaling,linear phase celerity and even third-order nonlinearity for water depth range of 0<kh≤10(k is wave number and h is water depth).The corresponding errors using different values are restricted within 0.1%,0.1%and 1%for the linear shoaling amplitude,dispersion and nonlinear harmonics,respectively.Numerical tests including regular wave shoaling over mildly varying slope from deep to shallow water,regular wave propagation over submerged bar,bichromatic wave group and focusing wave propagation over deep water are conducted.The comparison between numerical results using different values of,experimental data and analytical solutions confirm the theoretical analysis.The flexibility and consistency of the two-layer Boussinesq-type model is therefore demonstrated theoretically and numerically.

Broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy of two-layered scattering media containing oxyhemoglobin,deoxyhemoglobin,water,and lipids

We investigated the relationship between chromophore concentrations in two-layered scattering media and the apparent chromophore concentrations measured with broadband optical spectroscopy in conjunction with commonly used homogeneous medium inverse models.We used diffusion theory to generate optical data from a two-layered distribution of relevant tissue absorbers,namely,oxyhemoglobin,deoxyhemoglobin,water,and lipids,with a top-layer thickness in the range 1–15 mm.The generated data consisted of broadband continuous-wave(CW)diffuse reflectance in the wavelength range 650–1024 nm,and frequency-domain(FD)diffuse reflectance at 690 and 830 nm;two source-detector distances of 25 and 35mm were used to simulate a dual-slope technique.The data were inverted using diffusion theory for a semi-infinite homogeneous medium to generate reduced scattering coeffcients at 690 and 830nm(from FD data)and effective absorption spectra in the range 650–1024nm(from CW data).The absorption spectra were then converted into effective total concentration and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin,as well as water and lipid concentrations.For absolute values,it was found that the effective hemoglobin parameters are typically representative of the bottom layer,whereas water and lipid represent some average of the respective concentrations in the two layers.For concentration changes,lipid showed a significant cross-talk with other absorber concentrations,thus indicating that lipid dynamics obtained in these conditions may not be reliable.These systematic simulations of broadband spectroscopy of two-layered media provide guidance on how to interpret effective optical properties measured with similar instrumental setups under the assumption of medium homogeneity.

Two-Layer Non-Hydrostatic Model for Generation and Propagation of Interfacial Waves

When pycnocline thickness of ocean density is relatively small, density stratification can be well represented as a two-layer system. In this article, a depth integrated model of the two-layer fluid with constant density is considered,and a variant of the edge-based non-hydrostatic numerical scheme is formulated. The resulting scheme is very efficient since it resolves the vertical fluid depth only in two layers. Despite using just two layers, the numerical dispersion is shown to agree with the analytical dispersion curves over a wide range of kd, where k is the wave number and d the water depth. The scheme was tested by simulating an interfacial solitary wave propagating over a flat bottom, as well as over a bottom step. On a laboratory scale, the formation of an interfacial wave is simulated,which also shows the interaction of wave with a triangular bathymetry. Then, a case study using the Lombok Strait topography is discussed, and the results show the development of an interfacial wave due to a strong current passing through a sill.

Research in Moisture Transport through One and Two-layered Porous Composites

Research into the moisture transport processes in porous materials is primarily important for theoretical modelling and industrial applications in the design of energy saving buildings and living environments, etc. Based on experimental investigation, we propose new models which describe one-dimensional transport through one-layered uniform materials and dissimilar two-layered composites. Diffusivity as a function of moisture content is obtained through a Boltzman transformation, master curves, and combined numerical and regression techniques. Transport processes in one and two-layered composites are simulated on the basis of extended unsaturated Darcy’s Law using the finite element method (FEM). Simulation results show significantly different transport patterns of moisture profile when moisture migrates in different directions, and high agreement with experimental moisture profiles. Keywords Porous materials - moisture transport - two-layered composites - modelling and simulation Qingguo Wang graduated from Hebei Normal University, China, in 1985. He received the M.Sc. degree from Beijing Petroleum University in 1988 and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Luton, UK, in 2005. He is currently a Research Associate in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics at the University of Liverpool, UK and an Associate Professor of Shijiazhuang Mechanical Engineering College, China. His research interests include measurement and control, mass and heat transportation, EMC, etc.Kemal Ahmet graduated in physics from the University of Leeds. Following the completion of his masters degree, he completed his Ph.D. at the University of London in the area of nuclear instrumentation in 1992. Until recently, he was a Principal Lecturer at the University of Luton, leading a research group in moisture instrumentation, measurement and monitoring. In 2004 he joined Medtronic, world leader in medical technology, and is currently working in the Neurologic Technologies division as a specialist in powered surgical instrumentation.Young Yue is a Principal Lecturer at the University of Luton, UK. He holds a B.Sc. in mechanical engineering from the Northeastern University, China, and a Ph.D. from Heriot-Watt University, UK. He is a chartered engineer and a member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, UK. Dr. Yue has been working in academia for 15 years following his 8 years of industrial experience. His main research interests are CAD/CAM, geometric modelling, virtual reality, and pattern recognition. He has over 70 publications in refereed books, journals and conferences.

Numerical solutions of rotational normal modes of a triaxial two-layered anelastic Earth

The Earth's rotational normal modes depend on Earth model used, including the layer structures,principal inertia moments of different layers and the compliances. This study focuses on providing numerical solution of the rotational normal modes of a triaxial two-layered anelastic Earth model without external forces but with considering the complex forms of compliances and the electromagnetic coupling between the core and mantle. Based on the present knowledge of the Chandler wobble(CW) and Free Core Nutation(FCN), we provide a set of complete compliances which could be used for reference in further investigations. There are eight rotational normal mode solutions, four of which might exist in nature. However, in reality only two of these four solutions correspond to the present motion status of the prograde CW and the retrograde FCN. On one hand, our numerical calculations show that the periods and quality factors(Qs) of CW and FCN are respectively 434.90 and 429.86 mean solar days(d) and 76.56 and 23988.47 under frequency-dependent assumption, and the triaxiality prolongs CW about 0.01 d and has hardly effect on FCN. On the other hand, we analyze the sensibility of compliances and electromagnetic coupling parameter on the periods and Qs of CW and FCN and find the sensitive parameters with respect to them.

Theoretical Permeability of Two-layered Nonwoven Geotextiles

The two-layered nonwoven geotextile, which consists of a layer constructed with fine fibers for providing optimal filtration characteristics and another layer constructed with coarse fibers for providing the required mechanical properties, is desirable for drainage and filtration system. Based on Darcy’s law and drag force theory, a mathematical model on vertical permeability coefficient of two-layered nonwoven geotextile is estabilished. Comparison with experimental results shows that the present model possesses 83.6% accuracy for needle-punched two-layered nonwoven geotextiles. And experimental results also show that with the increasing of needle density the vertical permeability coefficient of two-layered nonwoven geotextiless firstly decreases and then increases, reaching the smallest value at 470 p/cm2.

针对顶点策略优化的三维模型可逆数据隐藏算法

随着3D打印技术和云计算的普及发展,三维模型的数据安全和隐私安全日益受到重视,研究模型无损恢复和存储海量数据的隐藏方法具有重要意义。基于此,以三维网格模型为载体,提出一种顶点策略优化的可逆数据隐藏方法。首先,对网格模型顶点进行划分,在全邻域中生成新的重心集合,根据改进的预测策略预测所有顶点集合的MSB以确定最大嵌入位;其次,在接受端应用顶点处拉普拉斯算子得到光滑恢复模型;最后,采用平均曲率可视化分析。为证明该算法的有效性,选取不同大小的网格模型与其他传统算法的嵌入率、SNR以及恢复模型进行对比。结果表明,该算法不仅提高了嵌入率,还在保留恢复模型局部细节特征的同时有效去除噪声,提高了模型恢复质量和视觉效果,进一步达到数据隐私安全的目的。

基于隐式神经表示的模型隐写方案

可视数据(图像、视频、3D模型)的隐式表达已经成为当前计算机视觉研究的热点,提出了一种新的基于隐式神经表示的模型隐写方案,消息发送方利用神经辐射场(neural radiance fields,NeRF)新视角合成的特性,通过引入一个视角作为密钥,由NeRF模型生成秘密视角图像作为后门,然后利用过拟合的方法训练一个消息提取器,以建立秘密消息和秘密视角图像的一一映射。发送方将训练好的NeRF模型和消息提取器通过公开信道传递给接收方,接收方利用双方共享的密钥,由NeRF模型获得秘密视角下的渲染图像,再通过消息提取器获得秘密消息。而攻击方因无法准确掌握该视角信息,从而无法窃取秘密消息。实验结果证明:所训练的消息提取器实现大容量快速隐写,消息嵌入量达100%,同时NeRF巨大的视角密钥空间保证了该方案的隐蔽性。

基于随机块模型的社区隐藏统一框架

社区检测是复杂网络分析的重要工具之一,可帮助深入了解网络的社区结构和节点间潜在的关系,但同时也带来了隐私泄露问题.社区隐藏作为社区检测的伴生问题,旨在以最小的边扰动代价破坏网络的社区结构,近年来受到越来越多学者的关注.但现有的社区隐藏方法忽略了网络的生成机制且缺少针对不同尺度隐藏的统一框架,因此提出了一种基于随机块模型的社区隐藏(community hiding-stochastic block model,HC-SBM)算法,该算法从网络生成机制角度构建了社区隐藏的统一框架,即实现微观(个体)、介观(社区)、宏观(网络)3个尺度上的社区检测算法攻击.其基本思想是基于随机块模型刻画网络的生成机制,特别是网络社区形成和分裂的规律和模式,挖掘生成过程中的关键性链接以及链接集合,最终通过最小代价扰动策略破坏网络社区结构.通过在真实网络上的大量实验,并与4种先进的基准算法进行比较,表明了提出的HC-SBM算法在社区隐藏效果更优.

基于顶点划分和坐标标准化的密文域3维网格模型可逆信息隐藏

密文可逆信息隐藏技术可以在加密载体中利用冗余空间额外嵌入信息,在传输过程中保障载体和信息的隐私安全,载体接收者还可以实现无损地提取信息和恢复载体.3维网格模型作为新型的数字媒体,其文件结构与传统的图像等数字媒体存在着不同,并且在该领域的研究相对较少.如何提升模型的嵌入容量是目前需要解决的问题.将图像领域多个高有效位预测算法直接迁移到3维模型中应用时,由于数据的存储格式与图像媒体不同,使得算法的预测性能受到了限制.因此,提出了将顶点坐标值标准化处理,消除符号位带来的影响,提升了预测算法的性能.为了进一步减少无用的辅助信息,嵌入集顶点的筛选被加入实验中,成功地为有效载荷腾出空间.实验表明,提出的方法与现有方法相比,在保证无损和可分离地恢复模型与所嵌入的信息的同时,获得了最高的嵌入容量.

基于深度学习的人脸局部遮挡表情动态识别算法

针对因人脸局部遮挡,导致表情动态特征较难提取和识别问题,提出一种基于深度学习的人脸局部遮挡表情动态识别算法。建立深度信念网络模型,将前一层输出值作为后一层输入值,设计特征堆叠单元,计算可见层中神经元的状态变量分布情况,根据面部五官间动态关联性,将可见层的状态值作为隐藏层的输入值求得隐藏神经元状态变量。将识别过程分为训练和正向传播2个步骤,输出特征变化规律,在正向传播过程中查找符合规律变化的像素点,求解该像素点权重,同时作为损失函数标准,比对面部多个位置的识别权重,约束识别率,完成人脸局部遮挡表情动态识别。实验数据证明,该方法能降低图像失真和细节丢失,提高图像分辨率,识别率高,针对不同局部遮挡情况均能完成高效识别。

Modelling and stability analysis of emergent behavior of scalable swarm system

In this paper we propose a two-layer emergent model for scalable swarm system. The first layer describes the indi-vidual flocking behavior to the local goal position (the center of minimal circumcircle decided by the neighbors in the positive visual set of individuals) resulting from the individual motion to one or two farthest neighbors in its positive visual set; the second layer describes the emergent aggregating swarm behavior resulting from the individual motion to its local goal position. The scale of the swarm will not be limited because only local individual information is used for modelling in the two-layer topology. We study the stability properties of the swarm emergent behavior based on Lyapunov stability theory. Simulations showed that the swarm system can converge to goal regions while maintaining cohesiveness.

Coverless Information Hiding Based on the Molecular Structure Images of Material

The traditional information hiding methods embed the secret information by modifying the carrier,which will inevitably leave traces of modification on the carrier.In this way,it is hard to resist the detection of steganalysis algorithm.To address this problem,the concept of coverless information hiding was proposed.Coverless information hiding can effectively resist steganalysis algorithm,since it uses unmodified natural stego-carriers to represent and convey confidential information.However,the state-of-the-arts method has a low hidden capacity,which makes it less appealing.Because the pixel values of different regions of the molecular structure images of material(MSIM)are usually different,this paper proposes a novel coverless information hiding method based on MSIM,which utilizes the average value of sub-image’s pixels to represent the secret information,according to the mapping between pixel value intervals and secret information.In addition,we employ a pseudo-random label sequence that is used to determine the position of sub-images to improve the security of the method.And the histogram of the Bag of words model(BOW)is used to determine the number of subimages in the image that convey secret information.Moreover,to improve the retrieval efficiency,we built a multi-level inverted index structure.Furthermore,the proposed method can also be used for other natural images.Compared with the state-of-the-arts,experimental results and analysis manifest that our method has better performance in anti-steganalysis,security and capacity.

A class of asymptotic solution for the time delay wind field model of an ocean

A time delay model of a two-layer barotropic ocean with Rayleigh dissipation is built. Using the improved perturba- tion method, an analytic asymptotic solution of a better approximate degree is obtained in the mid-latitude wind field, and the physical meaning of the corresponding solution is also discussed.

Dynamic process simulation with a Savage-Hutter type model for the intrusion of landslide into river

Natural damming of rivers by mass movements is a very common and potentially dangerous phenomena which has been documented all over the world. In this paper, a two-layer model of Savage-Hutter type is presented to simulate the dynamic procedure for the intrusion of landslide into rivers. The two-layer shallow water system is derived by depth averaging the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the hydrostatic assumption. A high order accuracy scheme based on the finite volume method is proposed to solve the presented model equations. Several numerical tests are performed to verify the realiability and feasibility of the proposed model. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method can be competent for simulating the dynamic process of landslide intrusion into the river. The interaction effect between both layers has a significant impact on the landslide movement, water fluctuation and wave propagation.

Air-Sea Exchange of Volatile Organic Compounds: A New Model with Microlayer Effects

The authors propose a new "three-layer" conceptual model for the air-sea exchange of organic gases, which includes a dynamic surface microlayer with photochemical and biological processes. A parameterization of this three-layer model is presented, which was used to calculate the air-sea fluxes of acetone over the Pacific Ocean. The air-sea fluxes of acetone calculated by the three-layer model are in the same direction but possess half the magnitude of the fluxes calculated by the traditional two-layer model in the absence of photochemical and biological processes. However, photochemical and biological processes impacting acetone in the microlayer can greatly vary the calculated fluxes in the three-layer model, even reversing their direction under favorable conditions. Our model may help explain the discrepancies between measured and calculated acetone fluxes in previous studies. More measurements are needed to validate our conceptual model and provide constraints on the model parameters.

An Improved Scalar Costa Scheme Based on Watson Perceptual Model

An improved scalar Costa scheme (SCS) was proposed by using improved Watson perceptual model to adaptively decide quantization step size and scaling factor. The improved scheme equals to embed hiding data based on an actual image. In order to withstand amplitude scaling attack, the Watson perceptual model was redefined, and the improved scheme using the new definition can insure quantization step size in decoder that is proportional to amplitude scaling attack factor. The performance of the improved scheme outperforms that of SCS with fixed quantization step size. The improved scheme combines information theory and visual model.