In this paper, we consider a general form of the increments for a two-parameter Wiener process. Both the Csorgo-Revesz's increments and a class of the lag increments are the special cases of this general form of i...In this paper, we consider a general form of the increments for a two-parameter Wiener process. Both the Csorgo-Revesz's increments and a class of the lag increments are the special cases of this general form of increments. Our results imply the theorem that have been given by Csorgo and Revesz (1978), and some of their conditions are removed.展开更多
Accurate classification and prediction of future traffic conditions are essential for developing effective strategies for congestion mitigation on the highway systems. Speed distribution is one of the traffic stream p...Accurate classification and prediction of future traffic conditions are essential for developing effective strategies for congestion mitigation on the highway systems. Speed distribution is one of the traffic stream parameters, which has been used to quantify the traffic conditions. Previous studies have shown that multi-modal probability distribution of speeds gives excellent results when simultaneously evaluating congested and free-flow traffic conditions. However, most of these previous analytical studies do not incorporate the influencing factors in characterizing these conditions. This study evaluates the impact of traffic occupancy on the multi-state speed distribution using the Bayesian Dirichlet Process Mixtures of Generalized Linear Models (DPM-GLM). Further, the study estimates the speed cut-point values of traffic states, which separate them into homogeneous groups using Bayesian change-point detection (BCD) technique. The study used 2015 archived one-year traffic data collected on Florida’s Interstate 295 freeway corridor. Information criteria results revealed three traffic states, which were identified as free-flow, transitional flow condition (congestion onset/offset), and the congested condition. The findings of the DPM-GLM indicated that in all estimated states, the traffic speed decreases when traffic occupancy increases. Comparison of the influence of traffic occupancy between traffic states showed that traffic occupancy has more impact on the free-flow and the congested state than on the transitional flow condition. With respect to estimating the threshold speed value, the results of the BCD model revealed promising findings in characterizing levels of traffic congestion.展开更多
In this paper, Spike-and-Slab Dirichlet Process (SS-DP) priors are introduced and discussed for non-parametric Bayesian modeling and inference, especially in the mixture models context. Specifying a spike-and-slab bas...In this paper, Spike-and-Slab Dirichlet Process (SS-DP) priors are introduced and discussed for non-parametric Bayesian modeling and inference, especially in the mixture models context. Specifying a spike-and-slab base measure for DP priors combines the merits of Dirichlet process and spike-and-slab priors and serves as a flexible approach in Bayesian model selection and averaging. Computationally, Bayesian Expectation-Maximization (BEM) is utilized to obtain MAP estimates. Two simulated examples in mixture modeling and time series analysis contexts demonstrate the models and computational methodology.展开更多
点云被广泛使用在各种三维应用场景中,但是实际应用中通常存在扫描、标注费时费力等局限性,因此基于小样本数据集的点云分类网络更加符合应用需求.为了有效地提高深度学习分类算法在小样本点云数据集上的分类效果,提出一种针对小样本数...点云被广泛使用在各种三维应用场景中,但是实际应用中通常存在扫描、标注费时费力等局限性,因此基于小样本数据集的点云分类网络更加符合应用需求.为了有效地提高深度学习分类算法在小样本点云数据集上的分类效果,提出一种针对小样本数据集的点云分类方法.针对训练数据集不平衡问题,首先采用基于相似度依赖的Dirichlet中餐馆过程对数据集进行预处理,在无需人工指定聚类个数的前提下对样本进行重新聚类,以提升分类网络在小样本数据集上的性能;然后在重新聚类后的样本上使用模型无关(model agnostic meta learning,MAML)算法训练PointNet++,达到用少量点云样本就能快速适应新任务的能力.所提方法不但降低了模型对数据量的依赖,提高了模型泛化能力,而且成功地把MAML算法从二维图像分类拓展到三维点云分类中;在Modelnet40数据集上的实验结果表明,与PointNet++相比,该方法的训练时间减少了一半,分类准确率平均提高6.67%,验证了该方法在小样本数据集上的有效性.展开更多
When estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of wideband signals from multiple sources, the performance of sparse Bayesian methods is influenced by the frequency bands occupied by signals in different directions. Th...When estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of wideband signals from multiple sources, the performance of sparse Bayesian methods is influenced by the frequency bands occupied by signals in different directions. This is particularly true when multiple signal frequency bands overlap. Message passing algorithms (MPA) with Dirichlet process (DP) prior can be employed in a sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) framework with high precision. However, existing methods suffer from either high complexity or low precision. To address this, we propose a low-complexity DOA estimation algorithm based on a factor graph. This approach introduces two strong constraints via a stretching transformation of the factor graph. The first constraint separates the observation from the DP prior, enabling the application of the unitary approximate message passing (UAMP) algorithm for simplified inference and mitigation of divergence issues. The second constraint compensates for the deviation in estimation angle caused by the grid mismatch problem. Compared to state-of-the-art algorithms, our proposed method offers higher estimation accuracy and lower complexity.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaZhejiang Province Natural Science Fund
文摘In this paper, we consider a general form of the increments for a two-parameter Wiener process. Both the Csorgo-Revesz's increments and a class of the lag increments are the special cases of this general form of increments. Our results imply the theorem that have been given by Csorgo and Revesz (1978), and some of their conditions are removed.
文摘Accurate classification and prediction of future traffic conditions are essential for developing effective strategies for congestion mitigation on the highway systems. Speed distribution is one of the traffic stream parameters, which has been used to quantify the traffic conditions. Previous studies have shown that multi-modal probability distribution of speeds gives excellent results when simultaneously evaluating congested and free-flow traffic conditions. However, most of these previous analytical studies do not incorporate the influencing factors in characterizing these conditions. This study evaluates the impact of traffic occupancy on the multi-state speed distribution using the Bayesian Dirichlet Process Mixtures of Generalized Linear Models (DPM-GLM). Further, the study estimates the speed cut-point values of traffic states, which separate them into homogeneous groups using Bayesian change-point detection (BCD) technique. The study used 2015 archived one-year traffic data collected on Florida’s Interstate 295 freeway corridor. Information criteria results revealed three traffic states, which were identified as free-flow, transitional flow condition (congestion onset/offset), and the congested condition. The findings of the DPM-GLM indicated that in all estimated states, the traffic speed decreases when traffic occupancy increases. Comparison of the influence of traffic occupancy between traffic states showed that traffic occupancy has more impact on the free-flow and the congested state than on the transitional flow condition. With respect to estimating the threshold speed value, the results of the BCD model revealed promising findings in characterizing levels of traffic congestion.
文摘In this paper, Spike-and-Slab Dirichlet Process (SS-DP) priors are introduced and discussed for non-parametric Bayesian modeling and inference, especially in the mixture models context. Specifying a spike-and-slab base measure for DP priors combines the merits of Dirichlet process and spike-and-slab priors and serves as a flexible approach in Bayesian model selection and averaging. Computationally, Bayesian Expectation-Maximization (BEM) is utilized to obtain MAP estimates. Two simulated examples in mixture modeling and time series analysis contexts demonstrate the models and computational methodology.
文摘点云被广泛使用在各种三维应用场景中,但是实际应用中通常存在扫描、标注费时费力等局限性,因此基于小样本数据集的点云分类网络更加符合应用需求.为了有效地提高深度学习分类算法在小样本点云数据集上的分类效果,提出一种针对小样本数据集的点云分类方法.针对训练数据集不平衡问题,首先采用基于相似度依赖的Dirichlet中餐馆过程对数据集进行预处理,在无需人工指定聚类个数的前提下对样本进行重新聚类,以提升分类网络在小样本数据集上的性能;然后在重新聚类后的样本上使用模型无关(model agnostic meta learning,MAML)算法训练PointNet++,达到用少量点云样本就能快速适应新任务的能力.所提方法不但降低了模型对数据量的依赖,提高了模型泛化能力,而且成功地把MAML算法从二维图像分类拓展到三维点云分类中;在Modelnet40数据集上的实验结果表明,与PointNet++相比,该方法的训练时间减少了一半,分类准确率平均提高6.67%,验证了该方法在小样本数据集上的有效性.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.6202780103 and 62033001)the Innovation Key Project of Guangxi Province(No.AA22068059)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Guilin(No.2020010332)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.222300420504)Academic Degrees and Graduate Education Reform Project of Henan Province(No.2021SJGLX262Y).
文摘When estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of wideband signals from multiple sources, the performance of sparse Bayesian methods is influenced by the frequency bands occupied by signals in different directions. This is particularly true when multiple signal frequency bands overlap. Message passing algorithms (MPA) with Dirichlet process (DP) prior can be employed in a sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) framework with high precision. However, existing methods suffer from either high complexity or low precision. To address this, we propose a low-complexity DOA estimation algorithm based on a factor graph. This approach introduces two strong constraints via a stretching transformation of the factor graph. The first constraint separates the observation from the DP prior, enabling the application of the unitary approximate message passing (UAMP) algorithm for simplified inference and mitigation of divergence issues. The second constraint compensates for the deviation in estimation angle caused by the grid mismatch problem. Compared to state-of-the-art algorithms, our proposed method offers higher estimation accuracy and lower complexity.
