Miniaturization of Bubbles by Shock Waves in Gas-Liquid Two-phase Flow in the Venturi Tube

Fine bubbles have been widely applied in many fields such as industry,medical engineering and agricultures.Therefore,many attentions have been paid to the study of fine bubble generations in order to increase the yield while decrease the cost.However,the generation process of fine bubbles is a quite complicated process in which multiple hydrodynamic forces are interacted in the gas-liquid two-phase flow.Many studies focus on the techniques of the converging-diverging nozzle(venturi tube)generator,which is famous for its simple and cheap features,and generates fine bubbles by using the miniaturization phenomenon of bubbles occurring in the venturi tube.However,the impact conditions on the amount and size of bubbles such as nozzle geometry and bleed air haven’t been investigated clearly.In this work,we implement many experiments on the venturi tube fine bubble generators with different geometries and generating conditions,and evaluate different factors impacting the production components such as the volume and the bubble size.The experimental results show that the supersonic flow filed in the venturi tube promotes the miniaturization of the bubbles,and the convergent angle of the nozzle and air bleed have a great impact on the size and volume of bubbles.

Simulation of Compressible Two-Phase Flows Using a Void Ratio Transport Equation

A compressible and multiphase flows solver has been developed for the study of liquid/gas flows involving shock waves and strong expansion waves leading to cavitation.This solver has a structure similar to those of the one-fluid Euler solvers,differing from them by the presence of a void ratio transport-equation.The model and the system of equations to be simulated are presented.Results are displayed for shock and expansion tube problems,shock-bubble interaction and underwater explosion.Close agreement with reference solutions,obtained from explicit finite volume approaches,is demonstrated.Different numerical methods are additionally displayed to provide comparable and improved computational efficiency to the model and the system of equations.The overall procedure is therefore very well suited for use in general two-phase fluid flow simulations.

Near-source characteristics of two-phase gas-solid outbursts in roadways

Coal and gas outbursts compromise two-phase gas-solid mixtures as they propagate as shock waves and flows from their sources.Propagation is influenced by the form of the outburst,proximity to source,the structure and form of the transmitting roadways and the influence of obstacles.The following characterizes the propagation of coal and gas outbursts as two-phase gas-solid flows proximal to source where the coupled effects of pulverized coal and gas flows dominate behavior.The characteristics of shock wave propagation and attenuation were systematically examined for varied roadway geometries using experiments and numerical models.The results demonstrate that the geometry of roadway obstructions is significant and may result in partial compression and sometimes secondary overpressurization in blocked and small comer roadways leading to significant attenuation of outburst shock waves.The shock waves attenuate slowly in both straight and abruptly expanding roadways and more significantly in T-shaped roadways.The most significant attenuation appears in small angle comers and bifurcations in roadways with the largest attenuation occurring in blocked roadways.These results provide basic parameters for simplifying transport in complex roadway networks in the far-field,and guidance for the design of coal and gas outburst prevention facilities and emergency rescue.

Shock wave interaction with surface of combustible dust layers

Two-phase reacting flow induced by a sufficiently strong shock wave impacting on an interface of combustible dust suspension at an angle of 0?or passing over a combustible dust deposit at an angle of 90° has been investigated experimentally and numerically.The.onset and development processes of interactions have been discussed according to the results reported.Computed and measured results are in reasonable agreement.

激波诱导的燃烧粉尘云边界层的结构

足够强的激波扫过铺有可燃粉尘的界面时，波后形成燃烧的粉尘云边界层。为揭示其内部结构，本文对该现象进行了实验和理论两个方面的研究。理论计算表明燃烧粉云边界层可分为三个区域：诱导区、反应区和扩散区，诱导区的粉尘浓度最高，计算获得的粉尘云轮廓和点火延迟与实验结果基本吻合．

带进气道的隔离段流场实验研究与数值模拟

通过风洞实验与数值模拟研究了超燃冲压发动机带进气道的隔离段流动。结合RNGk ε模型隐式求解了三维N S方程,并将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较。研究发现,RNGk ε模型能较好地模拟出超声速流动的激波与分离现象;进气道喉道流动的非均匀性使隔离段内激波/附面层干扰流场与均匀来流条件下的流场有显著差别。风洞实验表明,同一个模型,风洞马赫数为3 85试验的隔离段入口压力畸变大于马赫5 3;但前者隔离段出口截面压力分布比后者更均匀;隔离段入口畸变度大,隔离段实际能达到的压升就低。研究表明隔离段内的总压损失在整个进气道 隔离段组合体总压损失中占了相当大的比重。

非对称来流隔离段流动特性研究

设计了针对非对称超声速来流矩形隔离段流场研究的直联式试验风洞,在模拟进气道出口流场的各种非对称进口条件下进行了吹风试验。研究发现,随隔离段进口流动非对称程度的增加,在相同的进出口压比下,激波串长度增加;在同样的激波串长度下,隔离段耐受反压的能力下降。首次提出表征非对称入口条件的非对称度因子Dδ和Dθ,并将因子Dθ引入到矩形隔离段激波串长度计算公式,得到了预测非对称来流隔离段激波串长度的新公式,该公式预测激波串长度与实验结果吻合良好。

膛口初始流场对火药燃气射流的影响

身管武器发射弹丸时,初始流场对随后火药燃气射流的发展及弹丸的运动有较大的影响。为了分析初始流场对燃气射流结构以及弹丸运动的影响,基于有限体积法,采用分块网格划分的整体运动方法及Realizable k-ε湍流模型,耦合内弹道过程及六自由度方程,建立了含有初始流场和不含初始流场的两种二维轴对称膛口流场数值模拟模型。以300 mm平衡炮为例,研究了1730 m·s^(-1)发射速度下的膛口流场特性。结果表明,无初始流场时,火药燃气波阵面近似为球形,火药燃气无法追赶上弹丸。而在初始流场的干扰下,膛口喷射出的燃气速度提高约200 m·s^(-1),燃气追赶并包围弹丸,流场中最大压力降低一倍,温度提高1000 K以上,弹底压力降低约1.3 MPa。

大型管中两相爆炸现象的实验研究

介绍了用于研究气－液和气－固悬浮流中加速火焰诱导激波现象的两套实验装置，即长９ｍ，内径０．１４ｍ，两侧装有１５套喷雾系统的水平气云火焰加速管和长１２ｍ，内径０．１４ｍ，两侧装有２０套喷粉系统的水平粉尘火焰加速管。利用上述装置，对铝粉粉尘云和戊烷气雾云两相悬浮流中火焰加速诱导激波现象进行了实验研究，用压电传感器测试管内某点的压力信号和离子探针测试火焰阵面信号，从而得到管内火焰传播规律和管内压力参数的变化规律，实验结果揭示了燃烧、流动、湍流之间的正反馈耦合关系。

可燃悬浮粉尘燃烧诱导激波及其加速过程研究

以铝粉为例，基于双流体模型，分别采用ＴＶＤ格式和ＭａｃＣｏｍａｃｋ格式计算气相和颗粒相流场，基于Ａｒｉｈｅｎｉｕｓ定律及管道壁面湍流ｋε模型计算流场反应速率，对水平燃烧管内可燃悬浮粉尘在弱点火条件下激波的产生及加强过程进行了理论分析与数值模拟。研究发现，壁面湍流在火焰加速及燃烧诱导激波过程中起着关键作用，数值计算结果揭示了可燃悬浮粉尘云中压缩波到激波的转捩机制及气固两相流场参数的变化规律。计算结果与实验结果［１］相吻合。

基于爆震燃烧的燃气轮机理想热力循环分析

鉴于爆震燃烧具有自增压、传播速度快等优点,提出了将燃气轮机中等压燃烧替换为爆震燃烧的理念,并建立了基于爆震燃烧的燃气轮机理想热力循环模型,对比研究了DCGT(detonation cycle of gas turbine)、Brayton和Humphrey 3种循环燃气轮机的综合性能。在压气机压比、吸热量和透平背压相同的条件下,数据分析结果表明DCGT循环燃气轮机较其他2种循环更具优势,在压比为16时其循环热效率较Brayton循环提高15.4%,燃料消耗率降低13.5%;DCGT循环燃气轮机在压比为6.6时的总体性能与压比为16时的Brayton循环相当。

航空等离子体动力学与技术的发展

自20世纪60年代以来,美国、俄罗斯等发达国家开始研究等离子体的性能。近年来,以美国为首的西方国家在航空等离子体动力学与技术的研究取得了突破性的进展,国内相关研究也取得了一些进展和自主创新。本文主要介绍了空军工程大学等离子体动力学重点实验室的等离子体流动控制技术研究成果,主要包括改善飞行器气动性能和推进效能、等离子体冲击波与强流离子注表面强化、磁流体动力、等离子体点火助燃等技术,并指出了未来发展中需要解决的重大问题。

气云爆轰的一维模型

激波作用下，悬浮液谪在高温、高压和高速气流中变形、蒸发、剥离甚至破碎。雾化燃料经过一段延迟时间后点火燃烧释放出大量的能量。这些能量由局部爆炸波所携带，通过碰撞传递给引导微波，从而使气云爆轰波自持。文中提出的气云爆轰的一维模型考虑了上述基本过程，并从理论上推导了点火面和ＣＪ面的判据。通过计算，文中讨论了气云爆轰的松弛结构和影响ＣＪ爆速的因素，爆速的计算值与实验值基本相符。

可燃颗粒悬浮流中的正激波

本文讨论了激波后可燃颗粒点火、燃烧的机制和波后流场的松弛结构,结果表明,点火阶段颗粒外层浓度梯度极大,燃烧速率由非均相化学反应速率决定,而在燃烧阶段,外层的浓度梯度极大,燃烧速率由气体的扩散速率所决定。在考虑管壁效应时,对守恒方程中的能量耗散项作了说明。

两相爆轰波的松弛结构

两相爆轰波的松弛结构明显区别于均相爆轰,除需考虑化学反应的影响外还需考虑两相流效应。本文的理论分析表明,化学反应效应和两相流效应对爆轰波松弛区内某些参数变化的影响是一对矛盾因素,这使得松弛区内的参数分布呈较为复杂的形态,均相爆轰中这类分布曲线往往是单调变化的。根据作者提出的云雾和粉尘爆轰模型所进行的计算表明理论分析与计算结果所呈现的态势一致。 文中还讨论了两相爆轰波的C-J条件,Rayleigh方程和Hugoniot方程,并根据计算绘制了Rayleigh曲线和Hugoniot曲线,这从另一侧面反映了两相爆轰波松弛结构的特征。

Reflection of Shock Wave in PUR Foam From Rigid Wall

Keller proposed that a building, a mechanical installation or a body wrapped bya layer of foam plastics may be an efficient means for protection from damage ofblast wave. However, the practical effect was beyond expectation. For example, agunner wearing the foam plastics-padded waistcoat was injured more seriously by theblast wave from a muzzle. Monti took the foam plastics as homogeneous two-phasemedium and analyzed it with the theory of dusty flow. The obtained results showthat the peak pressure behind the reflected shock wave from rigid wall with foamcoat exceeds obviously that without foam coat under the same condition. Gel’fand,Patz and Weaver made experimental observations by means of shock tubes and veri-

超声速气流中乙烯点火试验与影响因素

对超声速气流中的非预混乙烯燃料扩散点火过程进行了试验研究,采用高速摄影、纹影技术获得了点火过程的火焰成功传播与失效图像和激波动态演化过程。基于点火前喷注混合流场的NPLS(纳米粒子散射)、PIV(粒子图像测速)试验数据和大涡模拟结果对影响点火结果的关键因素进行了研究,分析了点火过程的燃料分布、回流区尺寸、激波串作用、气动壅塞效应等关键流动特征对火焰传播过程和点火失效模式之间的影响关系。研究结果表明,点火过程的激波串前移过程会对燃料的分布造成影响,并进而影响凹腔内的燃料质量分数分布;凹腔角回流区是初始火焰形成的关键区域,点火能量在该区域累积建立凹腔角回流区火焰后,分别扩展形成凹腔驻留火焰,并向下游输运、掺混燃烧,建立预燃激波串,形成点火过程的正向压力反馈;凹腔内燃料分布受喷注位置、喷注压力的影响,采用凹腔内主动喷注的方法能够主动调节凹腔内的燃料分布,有助于初始火核的形成,能有效避免点火过程中由于压力反馈对燃料分布影响造成的熄火现象。