A new approach and a new related distribution system are proposed to address the issue of uneven steam injection caused by the different suction capacities of the used wells during the application of steam“stimulatio...A new approach and a new related distribution system are proposed to address the issue of uneven steam injection caused by the different suction capacities of the used wells during the application of steam“stimulation”methods for enhanced oil recovery.The new distribution system consists of a swirler,spiral dividing baffles,and critical flow nozzles.Numerical simulations are used to analyze the flow-field and degree of steam homogeneity obtained with such an approach.The results indicate that a higher inlet pressure leads to better results.Additionally,the internal flow field becomes more stable,and the deviation from an even distribution reduces to±4.0%even when the resistance of each branch is inconsistent.Furthermore,field tests have yielded satisfactory results.展开更多
The steam ejector is a crucial component in the waste heat recovery system.Its performance determines the amount of recovered heat and system efficiency.However,poor ejector performance has always been the main bottle...The steam ejector is a crucial component in the waste heat recovery system.Its performance determines the amount of recovered heat and system efficiency.However,poor ejector performance has always been the main bottleneck for system applications.Therefore,this study proposes an optimization methodology to improve the steam ejector's performance by utilizing computational fluid dynamics(CFD) techniques,response surface methodology(RSM),and genetic algorithm(GA).Firstly,a homogeneous equilibrium model(HEM) was established to simulate the two-phase flow in the steam ejector.Then,the orthogonal test was presented to the screening of the key decision variables that have a significant impact on the entrainment ratio(ER).Next,the RSM was used to fit a response surface regression model(RSRM).Meanwhile,the effect of the interaction of geometric parameters on the performance of the steam ejector was revealed.Finally,GA was employed to solve the RSRM's global optimal ER value.The results show that the RSRM exhibits a good fit for ER(R^(2)=0.997).After RSM and GA optimization,the maximum ejector efficiency is 27.94%,which is 48.38% higher than the initial ejector of 18.83%.Furthermore,the optimized ejector efficiency is increased by 46.4% on average under off-design conditions.Overall,the results reveal that the combination of CFD,RSM,and GA presents excellent reliability and feasibility in the optimization design of a two-phase steam ejector.展开更多
Wet steam condensing flow in low-pressure steam turbine leads to efficiencylosses and blade erosions. In order to investigate this problem by numerical approach, anEulerian/Eulerian model has been developed, in which ...Wet steam condensing flow in low-pressure steam turbine leads to efficiencylosses and blade erosions. In order to investigate this problem by numerical approach, anEulerian/Eulerian model has been developed, in which the wet steam is regarded as mixture comprisingtwo coupled systems: the vapor phase and the liquid phase. These two systems are both described byconservation equations. High resolution TVD scheme is employed to capture condensing phenomena inwet steam flow. This model has been validated by numerical simulations of condensing flows in 1D and2D nozzles. Compared with experimental data, a good agreement is observed. This Eulerian/Eulerianmodel can be extended to 3D calculation of condensing flow.展开更多
Removal of condensates from wet steam flow in the last stages of steam turbines significantly promotes stage efficiency and prevents erosion of rotors. In this paper, homogeneous spontaneous condensation in transonic ...Removal of condensates from wet steam flow in the last stages of steam turbines significantly promotes stage efficiency and prevents erosion of rotors. In this paper, homogeneous spontaneous condensation in transonic steam flow in the 2-D rotor-tip section of a stage turbine is investigated. Calculated results agree with experimental data reasonably well. On the basis of the above work, a 2-D numerical simulation of wet steam flow in adjacent root sections of a complex steam turbine stage was carried out. Computational results were analyzed and provide insights into effective removal of humidity.展开更多
Steam generator tube rupture(SGTR) accident is an important scenario needed to be considered in the safety analysis of lead-based fast reactors. When the steam generator tube breaks close to the main pump, water vapor...Steam generator tube rupture(SGTR) accident is an important scenario needed to be considered in the safety analysis of lead-based fast reactors. When the steam generator tube breaks close to the main pump, water vapor will enter the reactor core, resulting in a two-phase flow of heavy liquid metal and water vapor in fuel assemblies. The thermal-hydraulic problems caused by the SGTR accident may seriously threaten reactor core's safety performance. In this paper, the open-source CFD calculation software OpenFOAM was used to encapsulate the improved Euler method into the self-developed solver LBEsteamEulerFoam. By changing different heating boundary conditions and inlet coolant types, the two-phase flow in the fuel assembly with different inlet gas content was simulated under various accident conditions. The calculation results show that the water vapor may accumulate in edge and corner channels. With the increase in inlet water vapor content, outlet coolant velocity increases gradually. When the inlet water vapor content is more than 15%, the outlet coolant temperature rises sharply with strong temperature fluctuation. When the inlet water vapor content is in the range of 5–20%, the upper part of the fuel assembly will gradually accumulate to form large bubbles. Compared with the VOF method, Euler method has higher computational efficiency. However, Euler method may cause an underestimation of the void fraction, so it still needs to be calibrated with future experimental data of the two-phase flow in fuel assembly.展开更多
The effects of Reactive Black 5 utilized to cotton fabrics by short wet-steam process on the dyeing properties were investigated. This study will provide a theoretical reference for short wet-steam process of cotton f...The effects of Reactive Black 5 utilized to cotton fabrics by short wet-steam process on the dyeing properties were investigated. This study will provide a theoretical reference for short wet-steam process of cotton fabrics with bifunctional reactive dyes. The optimal amount of Selilao agent was 20 g/L, while the soaping and rubbing fastness of the dyed cotton fabrics were both reached to 4-5 rating.展开更多
Based on the method of discrete phase, the law of droplets’ deposition in the last stage stationary blade of a supercritical 600 MW Steam Turbine is simulated in the first place of this paper by using the Wet-steam m...Based on the method of discrete phase, the law of droplets’ deposition in the last stage stationary blade of a supercritical 600 MW Steam Turbine is simulated in the first place of this paper by using the Wet-steam model in commercial software FLUENT, where the influence of inlet angle of water droplets of the stationary blades is also considered. Through the calculation, the relationship between the deposition and the diameter of water droplets is revealed. Then, the amount of droplets deposition in the suction and pressure surface is derived. The result is compared with experimental data and it proves that the numerical simulation result obtained in this paper is reasonable. Finally, a formula of the relationship between the diameter of water droplets and the inlet angle is fit, which could be used for approximate calculation in the engineering applications.展开更多
The pressure drop prediction of wet gas across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes had been solved satisfactorily under an annular-mist flow in the upstream of orifice plates.However,this pressure drop prediction...The pressure drop prediction of wet gas across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes had been solved satisfactorily under an annular-mist flow in the upstream of orifice plates.However,this pressure drop prediction is still not clearly determined when the upstream is in an intermittent flow or stratified flow,which is corresponding to a region of low FrG(gas phase Froude number)in the flow pattern map of wet gases.In this study,the wet gas pressure drop across a single-orifice plate was experimentally investigated in the low FrG region.By the experiment,the flow pattern transition in the downstream of single-orifice plates,as well as the effects of FrG and FrL(liquid phase Froude number)on UG(gas phase multiplier),were determined and compared when the upstream is in the flow pattern transition and the stratified flow region,respectively.Prediction performances were examined on the available pressure drop models.It was found that no model could be capable of jointly predicting the wet gas pressure drop in the low FrG region with an acceptable accuracy.With a new method of correlating FrG and FrL simultaneously,new correlations were proposed for the low FrG region.Among which the modified Chisholm model shows the best prediction accuracies,with the prediction deviations of UG being within 7%and 3%when the upstream is in flow pattern transition and stratified flow region,respectively.展开更多
Traditional mathematical models cannot predict and explain the phenomenon by which the drag torque(DT)in wet clutches rises in the high-speed zone.In order to evaluate the DT in such conditions,a two-phase air-fluid m...Traditional mathematical models cannot predict and explain the phenomenon by which the drag torque(DT)in wet clutches rises in the high-speed zone.In order to evaluate the DT in such conditions,a two-phase air-fluid mathematical model for a DT with grooves was elaborated.The mathematical model was based on the theory of viscous fluid flow.A two-phase volume of fluid model was also used to investigate the distribution and volume fraction of air and fluid.Experiments on three friction plates with different grooves were conducted to validate the resulting mathematical model.It was found that the gap between plates decreased in the high-speed zone,thereby producing an increase of the DT in the high-speed zone.These results support the understanding of the physical phenomena relating to disengaged wet clutches,and provide a theoretical basis for the future improvement of drive systems.展开更多
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by Supported By Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering(Yangtze University),YQZC202309.
文摘A new approach and a new related distribution system are proposed to address the issue of uneven steam injection caused by the different suction capacities of the used wells during the application of steam“stimulation”methods for enhanced oil recovery.The new distribution system consists of a swirler,spiral dividing baffles,and critical flow nozzles.Numerical simulations are used to analyze the flow-field and degree of steam homogeneity obtained with such an approach.The results indicate that a higher inlet pressure leads to better results.Additionally,the internal flow field becomes more stable,and the deviation from an even distribution reduces to±4.0%even when the resistance of each branch is inconsistent.Furthermore,field tests have yielded satisfactory results.
文摘The steam ejector is a crucial component in the waste heat recovery system.Its performance determines the amount of recovered heat and system efficiency.However,poor ejector performance has always been the main bottleneck for system applications.Therefore,this study proposes an optimization methodology to improve the steam ejector's performance by utilizing computational fluid dynamics(CFD) techniques,response surface methodology(RSM),and genetic algorithm(GA).Firstly,a homogeneous equilibrium model(HEM) was established to simulate the two-phase flow in the steam ejector.Then,the orthogonal test was presented to the screening of the key decision variables that have a significant impact on the entrainment ratio(ER).Next,the RSM was used to fit a response surface regression model(RSRM).Meanwhile,the effect of the interaction of geometric parameters on the performance of the steam ejector was revealed.Finally,GA was employed to solve the RSRM's global optimal ER value.The results show that the RSRM exhibits a good fit for ER(R^(2)=0.997).After RSM and GA optimization,the maximum ejector efficiency is 27.94%,which is 48.38% higher than the initial ejector of 18.83%.Furthermore,the optimized ejector efficiency is increased by 46.4% on average under off-design conditions.Overall,the results reveal that the combination of CFD,RSM,and GA presents excellent reliability and feasibility in the optimization design of a two-phase steam ejector.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50176035)Doctorate Foundation of Xi'an Jiaotong University,China (No.DFXJU2000-18)
文摘Wet steam condensing flow in low-pressure steam turbine leads to efficiencylosses and blade erosions. In order to investigate this problem by numerical approach, anEulerian/Eulerian model has been developed, in which the wet steam is regarded as mixture comprisingtwo coupled systems: the vapor phase and the liquid phase. These two systems are both described byconservation equations. High resolution TVD scheme is employed to capture condensing phenomena inwet steam flow. This model has been validated by numerical simulations of condensing flows in 1D and2D nozzles. Compared with experimental data, a good agreement is observed. This Eulerian/Eulerianmodel can be extended to 3D calculation of condensing flow.
文摘Removal of condensates from wet steam flow in the last stages of steam turbines significantly promotes stage efficiency and prevents erosion of rotors. In this paper, homogeneous spontaneous condensation in transonic steam flow in the 2-D rotor-tip section of a stage turbine is investigated. Calculated results agree with experimental data reasonably well. On the basis of the above work, a 2-D numerical simulation of wet steam flow in adjacent root sections of a complex steam turbine stage was carried out. Computational results were analyzed and provide insights into effective removal of humidity.
基金supported partly by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (No. 2020YFB1902100)the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Informatization (No. GYQJ-2018-2-02)。
文摘Steam generator tube rupture(SGTR) accident is an important scenario needed to be considered in the safety analysis of lead-based fast reactors. When the steam generator tube breaks close to the main pump, water vapor will enter the reactor core, resulting in a two-phase flow of heavy liquid metal and water vapor in fuel assemblies. The thermal-hydraulic problems caused by the SGTR accident may seriously threaten reactor core's safety performance. In this paper, the open-source CFD calculation software OpenFOAM was used to encapsulate the improved Euler method into the self-developed solver LBEsteamEulerFoam. By changing different heating boundary conditions and inlet coolant types, the two-phase flow in the fuel assembly with different inlet gas content was simulated under various accident conditions. The calculation results show that the water vapor may accumulate in edge and corner channels. With the increase in inlet water vapor content, outlet coolant velocity increases gradually. When the inlet water vapor content is more than 15%, the outlet coolant temperature rises sharply with strong temperature fluctuation. When the inlet water vapor content is in the range of 5–20%, the upper part of the fuel assembly will gradually accumulate to form large bubbles. Compared with the VOF method, Euler method has higher computational efficiency. However, Euler method may cause an underestimation of the void fraction, so it still needs to be calibrated with future experimental data of the two-phase flow in fuel assembly.
文摘The effects of Reactive Black 5 utilized to cotton fabrics by short wet-steam process on the dyeing properties were investigated. This study will provide a theoretical reference for short wet-steam process of cotton fabrics with bifunctional reactive dyes. The optimal amount of Selilao agent was 20 g/L, while the soaping and rubbing fastness of the dyed cotton fabrics were both reached to 4-5 rating.
文摘Based on the method of discrete phase, the law of droplets’ deposition in the last stage stationary blade of a supercritical 600 MW Steam Turbine is simulated in the first place of this paper by using the Wet-steam model in commercial software FLUENT, where the influence of inlet angle of water droplets of the stationary blades is also considered. Through the calculation, the relationship between the deposition and the diameter of water droplets is revealed. Then, the amount of droplets deposition in the suction and pressure surface is derived. The result is compared with experimental data and it proves that the numerical simulation result obtained in this paper is reasonable. Finally, a formula of the relationship between the diameter of water droplets and the inlet angle is fit, which could be used for approximate calculation in the engineering applications.
基金This study was supported by the Major Science and Technology Special Projects in Shanxi Province,China(20181102001).
文摘The pressure drop prediction of wet gas across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes had been solved satisfactorily under an annular-mist flow in the upstream of orifice plates.However,this pressure drop prediction is still not clearly determined when the upstream is in an intermittent flow or stratified flow,which is corresponding to a region of low FrG(gas phase Froude number)in the flow pattern map of wet gases.In this study,the wet gas pressure drop across a single-orifice plate was experimentally investigated in the low FrG region.By the experiment,the flow pattern transition in the downstream of single-orifice plates,as well as the effects of FrG and FrL(liquid phase Froude number)on UG(gas phase multiplier),were determined and compared when the upstream is in the flow pattern transition and the stratified flow region,respectively.Prediction performances were examined on the available pressure drop models.It was found that no model could be capable of jointly predicting the wet gas pressure drop in the low FrG region with an acceptable accuracy.With a new method of correlating FrG and FrL simultaneously,new correlations were proposed for the low FrG region.Among which the modified Chisholm model shows the best prediction accuracies,with the prediction deviations of UG being within 7%and 3%when the upstream is in flow pattern transition and stratified flow region,respectively.
基金support from the research project of basic product innovation of MIIT(VTDP3203).
文摘Traditional mathematical models cannot predict and explain the phenomenon by which the drag torque(DT)in wet clutches rises in the high-speed zone.In order to evaluate the DT in such conditions,a two-phase air-fluid mathematical model for a DT with grooves was elaborated.The mathematical model was based on the theory of viscous fluid flow.A two-phase volume of fluid model was also used to investigate the distribution and volume fraction of air and fluid.Experiments on three friction plates with different grooves were conducted to validate the resulting mathematical model.It was found that the gap between plates decreased in the high-speed zone,thereby producing an increase of the DT in the high-speed zone.These results support the understanding of the physical phenomena relating to disengaged wet clutches,and provide a theoretical basis for the future improvement of drive systems.
