A brief review and analysis of two historical models of the electron, the charged spinning sphere and Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck’s concept, is presented. It is shown that the enormous potential of classical electrodynami...A brief review and analysis of two historical models of the electron, the charged spinning sphere and Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck’s concept, is presented. It is shown that the enormous potential of classical electrodynamics has been underutilized in particle physics. Such observation leads to discovery of a principal component in the electron inner structure—the charged c-ring. The intrinsic (fundamental) electron model based on the charged c-ring successfully explains the ontology of the charge fractionation in quantum chromodynamics and the formation of Cooper pairs in superconductivity. The c-ring properties are explained on the basis of the General Compton Conditions as defined. Properties of the charged c-ring include the explanation of the boundary conditions, electro-magnetostatic field configuration, self-mass, spin, magnetic moment, and the gyromagnetic ratio. The self-mass of the intrinsic electron is 100% electro-magnetostatic and it is shown how to compute its value. The classical-quantum divide no longer exists. Relation between the intrinsic electron and the electron is fundamentally defined. The electron is the composite fermion consisting of the intrinsic electron and the neutrino. The ontology of the anomaly in the electron magnetic moment is demonstrated—it is due to the addition of the neutrino magnetic moment to the overall electron magnetic moment. The intrinsic electron replaces the W? boson in particle physics, resulting in a fundamental implication for the Standard Model.展开更多
针对机器视觉轴承内圈侧面复杂形状尺寸检测精度低的问题,提出根据检测目标建立小面积感兴趣区域(Region of Interest,ROI)的自适应选取方法和基于Zernike矩的ROI亚像素级边缘提取方法,大幅提升了轴承内圈尺寸的检测精度。首先分别拍摄...针对机器视觉轴承内圈侧面复杂形状尺寸检测精度低的问题,提出根据检测目标建立小面积感兴趣区域(Region of Interest,ROI)的自适应选取方法和基于Zernike矩的ROI亚像素级边缘提取方法,大幅提升了轴承内圈尺寸的检测精度。首先分别拍摄轴承内圈左侧与右侧轮廓图像,对图像进行预处理。在此基础上,通过角点检测融合像素扫描的方法实现自适应ROI选取,解决了因轴承内圈移动引起的小面积ROI边缘误判问题;使用Canny算子提取ROI的像素级边缘,再用改进的Zernike矩算法得到亚像素级边缘。最后,分别对ROI中提取的边缘进行最小二乘圆拟合和直线拟合,根据像素当量与视场间隔将图像中各尺寸转换为轴承内圈实际尺寸。实验结果表明:所提方法测量的标准不确定度低于0.005 mm,满足轴承尺寸高精度检测的要求,对于实现轴承检测的自动化有实际意义。展开更多
The quantum field theory (QFT) is one of branches of the Standard Model. According to QFT, quantum fields are the primary entities and particles are the excitations of these fields, coming in discrete lumps with no in...The quantum field theory (QFT) is one of branches of the Standard Model. According to QFT, quantum fields are the primary entities and particles are the excitations of these fields, coming in discrete lumps with no inner structures and with properties assigned by declaration. Such view is in conflict with the observed vacuum energy density, 140 orders of magnitudes less than required by the QFT. In addition, such view is challenged by Aphysical Quantum Mechanics (AQM), a deeper quantum theory. According to AQM, the fundamental understanding of quantum reality is expanded by the addition of two fundamental categories, aphysical and elementary consciousness of elementary particles. Based on AQM and as an example, the total ontology of the intrinsic (fundamental) electron is presented with its inner structure of perfect geometry consisting of the physical charged c-ring and aphysical cylinder, and with its properties such as self-mass, spin, magneto-electrostatic field configuration and magnetic moment. The position parameter in the inner structure demonstrates that there are no two identical intrinsic electrons in the Universe thus placing a question mark over the QFT principle of indistinguishability.展开更多
文摘A brief review and analysis of two historical models of the electron, the charged spinning sphere and Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck’s concept, is presented. It is shown that the enormous potential of classical electrodynamics has been underutilized in particle physics. Such observation leads to discovery of a principal component in the electron inner structure—the charged c-ring. The intrinsic (fundamental) electron model based on the charged c-ring successfully explains the ontology of the charge fractionation in quantum chromodynamics and the formation of Cooper pairs in superconductivity. The c-ring properties are explained on the basis of the General Compton Conditions as defined. Properties of the charged c-ring include the explanation of the boundary conditions, electro-magnetostatic field configuration, self-mass, spin, magnetic moment, and the gyromagnetic ratio. The self-mass of the intrinsic electron is 100% electro-magnetostatic and it is shown how to compute its value. The classical-quantum divide no longer exists. Relation between the intrinsic electron and the electron is fundamentally defined. The electron is the composite fermion consisting of the intrinsic electron and the neutrino. The ontology of the anomaly in the electron magnetic moment is demonstrated—it is due to the addition of the neutrino magnetic moment to the overall electron magnetic moment. The intrinsic electron replaces the W? boson in particle physics, resulting in a fundamental implication for the Standard Model.
文摘针对机器视觉轴承内圈侧面复杂形状尺寸检测精度低的问题,提出根据检测目标建立小面积感兴趣区域(Region of Interest,ROI)的自适应选取方法和基于Zernike矩的ROI亚像素级边缘提取方法,大幅提升了轴承内圈尺寸的检测精度。首先分别拍摄轴承内圈左侧与右侧轮廓图像,对图像进行预处理。在此基础上,通过角点检测融合像素扫描的方法实现自适应ROI选取,解决了因轴承内圈移动引起的小面积ROI边缘误判问题;使用Canny算子提取ROI的像素级边缘,再用改进的Zernike矩算法得到亚像素级边缘。最后,分别对ROI中提取的边缘进行最小二乘圆拟合和直线拟合,根据像素当量与视场间隔将图像中各尺寸转换为轴承内圈实际尺寸。实验结果表明:所提方法测量的标准不确定度低于0.005 mm,满足轴承尺寸高精度检测的要求,对于实现轴承检测的自动化有实际意义。
文摘The quantum field theory (QFT) is one of branches of the Standard Model. According to QFT, quantum fields are the primary entities and particles are the excitations of these fields, coming in discrete lumps with no inner structures and with properties assigned by declaration. Such view is in conflict with the observed vacuum energy density, 140 orders of magnitudes less than required by the QFT. In addition, such view is challenged by Aphysical Quantum Mechanics (AQM), a deeper quantum theory. According to AQM, the fundamental understanding of quantum reality is expanded by the addition of two fundamental categories, aphysical and elementary consciousness of elementary particles. Based on AQM and as an example, the total ontology of the intrinsic (fundamental) electron is presented with its inner structure of perfect geometry consisting of the physical charged c-ring and aphysical cylinder, and with its properties such as self-mass, spin, magneto-electrostatic field configuration and magnetic moment. The position parameter in the inner structure demonstrates that there are no two identical intrinsic electrons in the Universe thus placing a question mark over the QFT principle of indistinguishability.
