Benchmarking of two three-dimensional numerical models in time/space domain to predict railway-induced ground vibrations

In the last 30 years,the scientific community has developed and proposed different models and numerical approaches for the study of vibrations induced by railway traffic.Most of them are formulated in the frequency/wave number domain and with a 2.5D approach.Three-dimensional numerical models formulated in the time/space domain are less frequently used,mainly due to their high computational cost.Notwithstanding,these models present very attractive characteristics,such as the possibility of considering nonlinear behaviors or the modelling of excess pore pressure and non-homogeneous and non-periodic geometries in the longitudinal direction of the track.In this study,two 3D numerical approaches formulated in the time/space domain are compared and experimentally validated.The first one consists of a finite element approach and the second one of a finite difference approach.The experimental validation in an actual case situated in Carregado(Portugal)shows an acceptable fitting between the numerical results and the actual measurements for both models.However,there are some differences among them.This study therefore includes some recommendations for their use in practical soil dynamics and geotechnical engineering.

An Improved Time Domain Approach for Analysis of Floating Bridges Based on Dynamic Finite Element Method and State-Space Model

The floating bridge bears the dead weight and live load with buoyancy,and has wide application prospect in deep-water transportation infrastructure.The structural analysis of floating bridge is challenging due to the complicated fluid-solid coupling effects of wind and wave.In this research,a novel time domain approach combining dynamic finite element method and state-space model(SSM)is established for the refined analysis of floating bridges.The dynamic coupled effects induced by wave excitation load,radiation load and buffeting load are carefully simulated.High-precision fitted SSMs for pontoons are established to enhance the calculation efficiency of hydrodynamic radiation forces in time domain.The dispersion relation is also introduced in the analysis model to appropriately consider the phase differences of wave loads on pontoons.The proposed approach is then employed to simulate the dynamic responses of a scaled floating bridge model which has been tested under real wind and wave loads in laboratory.The numerical results are found to agree well with the test data regarding the structural responses of floating bridge under the considered environmental conditions.The proposed time domain approach is considered to be accurate and effective in simulating the structural behaviors of floating bridge under typical environmental conditions.

High Precision Time Domain Forward Modeling for Crosshole Electromagnetic Tomography

To improve the resolution of crosshole electromagnetic tomography, high precision of forward modeling is necessary. A pseudo-spectral time domain （PSTD） forward modeling was used to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation between two boreholes. The PSTD algorithm is based on the finite difference time domain （FDTD） method and uses the fast Fourier transform （FFT） algorithm for spatial derivatives in Maxwell＇s equations. Besides having the strongpoint of the FDTD method, the calculation precision of the PSTD algorithm is higher than that of the FDTD method under the same calculation condition. The forward modeling using the PSTD method will play an important role in enhancing the resolution of crosshole electromagnetic tomography.

Time-domain compressive dictionary of attributed scattering center model for sparse representation

Parameter estimation of the attributed scattering center(ASC) model is significant for automatic target recognition(ATR). Sparse representation based parameter estimation methods have developed rapidly. Construction of the separable dictionary is a key issue for sparse representation technology. A compressive time-domain dictionary(TD) for ASC model is presented. Two-dimensional frequency domain responses of the ASC are produced and transformed into the time domain. Then these time domain responses are cutoff and stacked into vectors. These vectored time-domain responses are amalgamated to form the TD. Compared with the traditional frequency-domain dictionary(FD), the TD is a matrix that is quite spare and can markedly reduce the data size of the dictionary. Based on the basic TD construction method, we present four extended TD construction methods, which are available for different applications. In the experiments, the performance of the TD, including the basic model and the extended models, has been firstly analyzed in comparison with the FD. Secondly, an example of parameter estimation from SAR synthetic aperture radar(SAR) measurements of a target collected in an anechoic room is exhibited. Finally, a sparse image reconstruction example is from two apart apertures. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed TD.

Modeling and Simulations in Symmetrical Supercapacitors Using Time Domain Mathematical Expressions

This study presents the deduction of time domain mathematical equations to simulate the curve of the charging process of a symmetrical electrochemical supercapacitor with activated carbon electrodes fed by a source of constant electric potential in time ε and the curve of the discharge process through two fixed resistors. The first resistor RCo is a control that aims to prevent sudden variations in the intensity of the electric current i1(t) present at the terminals of the electrochemical supercapacitor at the beginning of the charging process. The second resistor is the internal resistance RA of the ammeter used in the calculation of the intensity of the electric current i1(t) over time in the charging and discharging processes. The mathematical equations generated were based on a 2R(C + kUC(t)) electrical circuit model and allowed to simulate the effects of the potential-dependent capacitance (kUC(t)) on the charge and discharge curves and hence on the calculated values of the fixed capacitance C, the equivalent series resistance (ESR), the equivalent parallel resistance (EPR) and the electrical potential dependent capacitance index k.

Far-infrared conductivity of CuS nanoparticles measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

This paper reports that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is used to measure the optical properties of CuS nanoparticles in composite samples. The complex conductivity of pure CuS nanoparticles is extracted by applying the Bruggeman effective medium theory. The experimental data are consistent with the Drude-Smith model of conductivity in the range of 0.2 1.5 THz. The results demonstrate that carriers become localized with a backscattering behaviour in small-size nanostructures. In addition, the time constant for the carrier scattering is obtained and is only 64.3 fs due to increased electron interaction with interfaces and grain boundaries.

基于时频域分析的车载毫米波雷达干扰抑制方法

文中针对车载调频连续波雷达之间相互干扰导致虚警和漏警的问题,提出一种在时频域基于改进经验模式分解和自回归模型相结合的干扰抑制方法。该方法首先使用经验模式分解区分出拍频信号中干扰分量主导的低阶本征模态函数,将其转换到短时傅里叶变换域后通过全局阈值方法进行干扰分量定位;其次,在时频域根据定位信息将拍频信号包含干扰的数据置零;最后,使用自回归模型对拍频信号中缺失的有用信号进行估计并插值。通过仿真和实测结果显示,该方法在精确地去除干扰分量的同时可以减少有用信号的功率损失,干扰抑制后的信号与参考信号的相关系数达到0.9697。与现有干扰抑制技术相比文中方法也体现出更优的干扰抑制性能。

海上风电低频输电系统快速母线保护

海上风电低频输电系统母线故障后,换流器型电源等效电势与阻抗因控制的切换与调整过程,不再像传统电网可视为恒定。文中理论分析了母线电流差动保护适应性,明确故障控制策略对差动保护灵敏度的影响方式。利用母线区内外故障所对应的故障等效模型不同,提出基于时域全量模型识别的母线保护。该保护原理反映被保护元件自身拓扑的变化,理论上具有不受电源特性影响的优势,同样适用于其他换流器型电网。同时,所提保护在时域中实现,不存在相量提取问题,动作速度快。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建了仿真模型,验证了所提母线保护的可靠性和快速性。

基于分段涂层时域反射探头的天然气水合物测试平台开发及实验研究

该文基于分段涂层时域反射(time-domain reflectometry,TDR)探头,开发了一套用于开展海洋沉积物中水合物模拟实验和TDR响应测试的平台。平台的硬件部分包括样品容器、TDR测试单元、温度测量单元;软件部分包括TDR测试单元和温度测量单元软件。通过标定TDR探头参数、校正分段涂层影响,平台可同步测量高电导率海洋沉积物表观介电常数和电导率。用四氢呋喃水合物模拟天然气水合物,在天然海砂中模拟其生成分解过程并进行了TDR测试,通过分析水合物生成过程中TDR测试的表观介电常数和电导率动态变化特征、讨论水合物饱和度的影响规律,验证了该测试平台的可靠性。基于理论分析分别建立了基于表观介电常数、电导率以及两者联合的水合物饱和度计算模型,实验数据检验结果表明联合模型的水合物饱和度计算误差最低。

基于时域有限差分法的电性源感应-极化效应三维数值模拟

时域电性源电磁探测法是一种可以有效快速探测矿产资源的方法。极化效应会导致电性源电磁响应快速衰减,发生符号反转现象。本文采用Cole-Cole模型描述极化效应,利用整数阶有理逼近算法实现任意分数阶Cole-Cole模型有理化;采用Yee氏网格对仿真区域进行剖分,基于时域有限差分(finite-difference time-domain, FDTD)法实现电性源感应-极化效应三维数值模拟。本文对三种典型模型(均匀半空间模型、极化半空间模型和三维极化体模型)的电磁响应进行数值模拟,结果表明:均匀半空间模型的电磁响应与解析解基本吻合,并且相对误差小于10%,证明了三维数值模拟方法的正确性;极化半空间模型与三维极化体模型的电磁响应均在晚期出现了负响应,与极化理论结果相符合。

融合时序分类的科技领域实体增长预测研究

[目的/意义]科技领域实体增长机制是进行预测型科技情报分析的核心,要有效地进行科技发展态势感知和预测,必须深入了解科技领域细粒度知识增长机制。文章提出并验证了融合时序分类的科技领域实体增长预测方案。[方法/过程]首先,根据实体词频时间序列的增长模式,将实体分为可拟合、有趋势和无规律3种类别;其次,利用曲线拟合、局部加权回归方法抽取特征,构建特征向量,再用MLP模型实现了高精度的实体分类;最后,构建融合时序分类的集成模型与基线模型进行对比验证效果。[结果/结论]根据实验结果,验证显示集成预测模型相对于基线模型,误差减少了13%以上,进一步证实了预测结果在科学性和准确性方面的优势。综合考虑,所提出的融合时间序列分类的实体增长预测方案在可行性和应用价值方面具备潜力。

时域孪生网络融合Transformer的长时无人机视觉跟踪

针对无人机(UAV)执行跟踪任务时经常出现尺寸变化、低分辨率、目标遮挡等场景导致跟踪目标框漂移的问题,提出一种时域孪生网络融合Transformer的长时无人机视觉跟踪算法TTTrack。首先,使用基于孪生网络的SiamFC++(AlexNet)算法作为基线算法;其次,利用Transformer自适应地提取历史帧的时空信息并在线更新模板,从而将时空上下文信息储存为动态模板;随后,分别使用基准模板和动态模板与搜索特征图进行互相关运算,获得响应图后利用Transformer融合两个响应图,从而在连续帧之间建立时空上下文映射关系。实验结果表明,在LaSOT长序列跟踪基准上TTTrack的成功率和精确率分别为63.9%和66.6%,在UAV123跟踪基准上的成功率和精确率分别为61.4%和80.2%。与基线算法相比,该算法在完全遮挡场景下的成功率和精确率分别提升7.4和8.0个百分点。TTTrack在DTB70跟踪基准上精确率达到82.1%,并且跟踪速度为118 帧/s,满足实时性要求。测试结果验证了TTTrack具有良好的鲁棒性、实时性和抗干扰能力,能有效应对长时UAV跟踪任务。

基于时域模型的CLLC谐振变换器参数优化设计方法

CLLC谐振变换器能够实现双向功率传输,具有高功率密度、高效率的特点,但传统的参数设计方法步骤繁琐且求解困难。为此,深入分析CLLC谐振变换器的工作原理和工作特性,综合考虑参数对CLLC谐振变换器增益、模式切换条件、软开关和功率损耗的影响,提出一种基于时域模型的参数优化设计方法,以实现宽电压输出范围和窄频带范围。在2 kW的实验中,所提出的参数设计方法在一定频带范围内效率达到98.3%,证明了时域分析的准确性以及参数优化方法的有效性。

基于Agrawal模型的双绞线受扰机理与场线配置

电磁环境日益复杂,电磁兼容性问题涌现,各类干扰对传输线信号传输造成的影响不容忽视。基于经典场线耦合Agrawal模型,结合时域有限差分法(FDTD)对双绞线(TWP)各场线参数的电磁耦合效应进行定量计算,为减少受扰的场线配置提出指导性意见。总结了各参数对双绞线电磁耦合效应的具体影响:线长会影响端接负载处的选频特性;节距影响较小,较小的节距会减小耦合;距地高度会显著影响电磁耦合,且高度越高耦合越强;决定入射方式的入射角、方位角和极化角对电磁耦合效应均有不同程度的影响,通过电场切向分量切片图可知,对某一角的分析需要考虑到其余两角的影响。双绞线传输线的电磁耦合效应与场线参数密切相关,各参数均有不同程度的影响,借助本文模型的计算与对结果的分析,可获得有效的低受扰双绞线传输线配置。

一种基于离散时域模型的单相PWM整流器控制参数多目标优化设计方法

单相PWM整流器一般采用电压外环比例积分、电流内环比例谐振的双闭环控制方法,在实现交流侧高功率因数的同时稳定直流侧输出电压,因此受到国内外学者的广泛研究。然而,在内外环控制参数设计阶段,传统设计方法一般根据经验选取控制参数,参数选取范围较大,且无法量化评估控制参数的时域控制效果,导致参数优化整定困难。为此,该文提出一种基于离散时域模型的内外环控制参数多目标优化设计方法。首先,采用传统设计方法确定电压外环比例、积分控制参数以及电流内环比例、谐振控制参数的安全设计空间;然后,基于离散时域模型将安全设计空间正映射至控制参数的时域性能空间,实现电流内环控制参数对交流侧功率因数以及电压外环控制参数对直流侧电压超调量的量化评估。在此基础上,通过进一步约束性能目标得到性能优化设计空间,考虑内外环控制参数的耦合效应,对内外环性能优化设计空间进行重新组合,再将其映射至性能空间,得到内外环控制目标帕累托最优前沿下的最优设计空间,从中选取内外环控制参数的优化设计点,在典型工况下实验测得的交流侧功率因数为0.981 26,直流输出电压超调量绝对值为1.37%,证明了所提优化设计方法的正确性。

考虑车辆稳定的避障路径自适应模型预测跟踪

为了提高车辆在稳定行驶前提下的避障路径跟踪控制精度,设计了自适应模型预测路径跟踪控制器和稳定控制器。根据车辆运动特性,建立了车辆在横向和横摆向共三个自由度的车辆动力学方程;基于路径跟踪控制需要,建立了预瞄跟踪控制模型。在避障路径跟踪方面,提出了预测时域随车速和路径曲率自适应变化方法;以提高避障路径跟踪精度和控制量增量最小为优化目标,将路径跟踪控制问题转化为二次型问题,实现了自适应优化求解和时域滚动控制。在车辆行驶稳定方面,从车辆状态的稳定性预判、稳定力矩的计算和分配等方面设计了稳定控制器。经仿真验证,这里的方法能够将车辆状态控制在相平面的双线法稳定区域内,实现了车辆行驶的稳定性和安全性;在避障路径跟踪方面,这里的方法的最大跟踪误差和绝对误差均值远小于传统模型预测控制、文献[14]模糊滑模控制,充分证明了这里的方法在避障路径跟踪控制中的高精度和有效性。

基于滤波算法的隧道全时域激发极化超前探测正演方法

为进一步提高隧道全时域激发极化多参数超前探测的效果,采用滤波算法进行计算时间域等效电阻率,采用有限单元法进行计算,提出一种基于滤波算法的隧道全时域激发极化超前探测正演方法。该方法针对时间域Cole-Cole表达式计算收敛性差的问题,引入滤波算法进行时间域激发极化等效电阻率的计算,提高算法的收敛性;针对正演过程中大型矩阵求解影响计算效率的问题,引入OpenMP并行算法,实现隧道全时域激发极化超前探测正演的加速运算。最后,开展数值算例和物理模型试验。研究结果表明:该正演方法对异常体有敏感响应,且在加快正演速度具有显著优势。通过基于滤波算法的隧道全时域激发极化超前探测获得的观测数据与实际探测数据较为相符,这为基于全时域激发极化隧道超前探测提供了一种可行的正演算法。

外圆磨削非线性动力学模型与实验验证

磨削颤振是磨削过程中砂轮与工件之间产生的强烈振动,它的存在降低了被加工工件的表面质量,加速了砂轮磨损,因此研究磨削系统的稳定性是解决颤振现象发生的关键。首先依据外圆磨削动力学宏观结构建立非线性动力学微观模型,并推导出非线性动力学方程,利用Faddeev算法,对非线性动力学方程进行线性化处理计算出系统特征值,并进行稳定性预测,得出影响磨削稳定性的因素;然后以进给速度和砂轮长度为例使用Matlab绘制出各因素不同取值时的稳定区域图,并研究各参数在状态变化转折点所对应的时域响应图和特征值位置图,发现进给速度从10 mm/min提高到12 mm/min时磨削过程从不稳定转变为稳定状态,砂轮长度从12 mm增大到14 mm时磨削过程从稳定转变为不稳定状态;对稳定图、时域响应图和特征值位置图三者进行对比,发现得到的结论一致,证明模型的正确性。

温变形变结构时域有限积分建模方法研究

提出并实现了一种温变形变结构的时域有限积分(TDFIT)建模方法,通过快速三维插值技术同时解决了非同类热力电网格和参数曲面的形变映射问题,在确保仿真精度的前提下,实现了任意热分布和较小形变量的热力电联合仿真,适用电大、任意非均匀温变和形变材料的仿真建模。设计了蜕化模型、分层收敛等案例验证了方法的必要性、有效性和正确性。为高温高压下天线罩、飞行器的电磁散射和辐射特性建模提供了热力电一体化建模方法和实用仿真工具。

磁矢量势的全球电磁感应时间域三维有限元正演计算方法

全球电磁感应测深方法能获得地球深部电导率结构分布,目前被广泛应用于地球内部结构与热状态研究.地磁台站与地磁卫星观测的电磁感应数据为时间序列信号,在时间域分析全球电磁感应数据,特别是分析频谱极宽的磁暴脉冲响应,具有天然的优势.然而,当前的全球电磁感应数据解释技术一般在频率域进行,缺少时间域中的研究成果.为了弥补缺少时间域全球电磁感应数据解释方法的问题,本文开发了一种基于磁场矢量势的全球电磁感应时间域三维有限元并行正演求解方法,具备高精度快速计算源于地球外部时变电流源的地球感应电磁场时间序列的能力,特别适合于计算与分析频谱极宽的磁暴脉冲电磁感应时变响应.首先,建立基于磁场矢量势的全球电磁感应时间域微分控制方程,结合磁层外部电流源的物理属性建立边界条件和初始条件,从而构建出全球电磁感应时间域初始边界值问题.然后,利用四面体矢量有限元技术和无条件稳定的隐式后退欧拉公式,分别实现磁场矢量势的空间域和时间域离散,进而获得不同时刻的实系数大型有限元线性方程组,借助于高性能并行直接求解器,快速高精度地求解不同时刻的磁场矢量势与感应磁场.最后,利用理论模型验证本文算法的正确性.利用Dst磁暴环电流指数建立的时间域电流源与真实地球三维电性模型,研究"澳科一号"后续卫星200 km轨道对中国和澳大利亚下方地幔转换带高导体的探测能力,结果表明这些地幔转换带异常体在200 km卫星轨道高度能产生明显异常.综上所述,本文开发的时间域全球电磁感应方法不仅具备精确快速计算全球感应电磁场时间序列响应的能力,还能为反演与解释"澳科一号"等我国地磁卫星观测数据提供技术支持.