Lack of a causal relationship between tea intake and sleep disorders: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Background:The relationship between tea intake(TI)and sleep disorders(SDs)has been a topic of interest for some time,but there remains a lack of data showing a causal relationship.We aimed to use a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to determine whether there is a causal link between TI and SDs.Methods:We collected data regarding TI,with a focus on green tea intake(GTI),herbal tea intake(HTI),and rooibos tea intake(RTI);and data regarding SDs and insomnia from genome-wide association studies.We analyzed these data using an inverse variance-weighted two-sample Mendelian randomization study,by means of the TwoSampleMR package in R4.2.3 software.Results:We found no genetic causal relationships of TI,GTI,HTI,or RTI with insomnia.The odds ratios(ORs)for these relationships were as follows:TI:OR=0.61,95%confidence interval(CI):0.29–1.28;GTI:OR=1.04,95%CI:0.95–1.14;HTI:OR=0.98,95%CI:0.82–1.17;and RTI:OR=1.04,95%CI:0.99–1.09.In addition,there were no genetic causal relationships of TI,GTI,HTI,or RTI with SDs.The OR values for these relationships were as follows:TI:OR=0.6,95%CI:0.34–1.06;GTI:OR=1,95%CI:0.93–1.07;HTI:OR=0.89,95%CI:0.66–1.2;and RTI:OR=1.02,95%CI:0.98–1.06.Conclusion:We found no causal relationships of TI with SDs or insomnia,irrespective of the type of tea consumed.However,additional Mendelian randomization studies are required to further explore the relationships of the timing and quantity of tea consumption with SDs and insomnia.

Risk Factors of Depression Screened by Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis:A Systematic Review

Objective This study explored the potentially modifiable factors for depression and major depressive disorder(MDD)from the MR-Base database and further evaluated the associations between drug targets with MDD.Methods We analyzed two-sample of Mendelian randomization(2SMR)using genetic variant depression(n=113,154)and MDD(n=208,811)from Genome-Wide Association Studies(GWAS).Separate calculations were performed with modifiable risk factors from MR-Base for 1,001 genomes.The MR analysis was performed by screening drug targets with MDD in the DrugBank database to explore the therapeutic targets for MDD.Inverse variance weighted(IVW),fixed-effect inverse variance weighted(FE-IVW),MR-Egger,weighted median,and weighted mode were used for complementary calculation.Results The potential causal relationship between modifiable risk factors and depression contained 459 results for depression and 424 for MDD.Also,the associations between drug targets and MDD showed that SLC6A4,GRIN2A,GRIN2C,SCN10A,and IL1B expression are associated with an increased risk of depression.In contrast,ADRB1,CHRNA3,HTR3A,GSTP1,and GABRG2 genes are candidate protective factors against depression.Conclusion This study identified the risk factors causally associated with depression and MDD,and estimated 10 drug targets with significant impact on MDD,providing essential information for formulating strategies to prevent and treat depression.

Genetic causal relationship between tea intake and cerebral aneurysm: a two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Background:Prior research has established a strong link between cerebral aneurysm(CA)occurrence and inflammation.Tea intake(TI)has been found to have anti-inflammatory properties through multiple mechanisms,potentially lowering CA incidence.This study aims to employ Mendelian Randomization(MR)methodology to explore the genetic causality between TI and CA.Methods:We collected Genome-wide association study(GWAS)data for CA,TI,Green tea intake(GTI),Herbal tea intake(HTI),and Rooibos tea intake(RTI).The MR analysis employed the TwoSampleMR package and utilized the inverse variance-weighted(IVW)method.Results:The findings suggest no genetic causal relationship between TI and CA(IVW:OR=1.10,95%CI:0.59–2.05,P=0.772).Similarly,there is no genetic causal association between GTI and CA(IVW:OR=1.07,95%CI:0.91–1.26,P=0.388),HTI and CA(IVW:OR=1.00,95%CI:0.89–1.13,P=0.943),or RTI and CA(IVW:OR=1.02,95%CI:0.96–1.09,P=0.472).Conclusion:There is no genetic causal relationship between TI and CA,and the different types of tea do not change this result.Further MR analysis is needed to investigate whether there is a potential genetic causal association between the quantity of TI and CA.

No genetic causal relationship between tea intake and diabetes:a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Background:Previous studies have suggested a potential risk-reducing effect of tea intake(TI)on diabetes.However,the specific impacts of TI on different types of diabetes and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.To further explore this topic,we conducted a comprehensive investigation to assess the causal relationship between TI and various types of diabetes,as well as its effects on blood glucose(Glu)and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1).Methods:We collected genome-wide association study data for TI,diabetes,type 1 diabetes(T1D),type 2 diabetes(T2D),Glu,HbA1,green tea intake,herbal tea intake,and Rooibos tea intake from the IEU database.Subsequently,we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using the TwoSampleMR package.Results:Our analysis revealed no evidence of a causal relationship between TI and the incidence of diabetes,T1D,blood Glu,HbA1c,or T2D.Similarly,no genetic causal relationship was found between green tea intake and diabetes,T1D,T2D,Glu,or HbA1c.The same applied to herbal tea intake and Rooibos tea intake,as there was no genetic causal link with diabetes,T1D,T2D,Glu,or HbA1c.Conclusion:Based on our findings,there is no indication of a causal relationship between TI and the incidence of all types of diabetes,regardless of the specific tea type.However,to comprehensively understand the potential effects of TI on diabetes incidence,including the quantity and timing of intake,further evaluation through additional Mendelian randomization studies is warranted.

Causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and gingivitis or periodontal disease:A two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis

Background:Observational studies have shown that inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),such as ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn disease(CD),is associated with gingivitis and periodontal disease(GP).This study aims to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between IBD and GP.Methods:This study assessed the causal relationship between IBD and GP through a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)study.The required data were obtained through the IEU OpenGWAS project.Instrumental variable screening and the MR and sensitivity analyses were performed using the“TwoSampleMR”R package.Results:IBD,UC,and CD may have a causal effect on GP(IBD,inverse variance weighting[IVW]OR=1.05,95%CI=1.00–1.10,P=0.03;UC,IVWOR=1.05,95%CI=1.00–1.11,P=0.03;CD,weighted median OR=1.06,95%CI=1.00–1.13,P=0.04;simple mode OR=1.15,95%CI=1.02–1.31,P=0.03).Scatterplots,forest plots,and funnel plots showed a significant relationship between IBD and GP and confirmed the robustness of the model.In sensitivity testing,no horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was found in this study.Conclusions:This study found a possible causal relationship between IBD(UC and CD)and GP,which deserves to be considered in clinical practice.

Causal associations between gastroesophageal reflux disease and essential hypertension: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND Clinical studies have reported that patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)have a higher prevalence of hypertension.AIM To performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis to investi-gate the causal link between GERD and essential hypertension.METHODS Eligible single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were selected,and weighted median,inverse variance weighted(IVW)as well as MR egger(MR-Egger)re-gression were used to examine the potential causal association between GERD and hypertension.The MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier analysis was used to detect and attempt to reduce horizontal pleiotropy by removing outliers SNPs.The MR-Egger intercept test,Cochran’s Q test and“leave-one-out”sen-sitivity analysis were performed to evaluate the horizontal pleiotropy,heterogen-eities,and stability of single instrumental variable.RESULTS IVW analysis exhibited an increased risk of hypertension(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.33-1.59,P=2.14E-16)in GERD patients.And the same result was obtained in replication practice(OR=1.002,95%CI:1.0008-1.003,P=0.000498).Meanwhile,the IVW analysis showed an increased risk of systolic blood pressure(β=0.78,95%CI:0.11-1.44,P=0.021)and hypertensive heart disease(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.36-2.08,P=0.0000016)in GERD patients.Moreover,we found an decreased risk of Barrett's esophagus(OR=0.91,95%CI:0.83-0.99,P=0.043)in essential hypertension patients.CONCLUSION We found that GERD would increase the risk of essential hypertension,which provided a novel prevent and therapeutic perspectives of essential hypertension.

Investigating the causal link between gut microbiota and dry age-related macular degeneration:a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

AIM:To assess the causal link between 211 gut microbiota(GM)taxa and dry age-related macular degeneration(dAMD)risk.METHODS:Mendelian randomization using instrumental factors taken from a genome-wide association study(GWAS)were used.Inverse variance weighted(IVW)analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed on the FinnGen project,which included 5095 cases and 222590 controls.RESULTS:The IVW analysis showed substantial genusand family-level relationships between GM taxa and dAMD risk.Specifically,the family Peptococcaceae(P=0.03),genus Bilophila(P=3.91×10^(-3)),genus Faecalibacterium(P=6.55×10^(-3)),and genus Roseburia(P=0.04)were linked to a higher risk of developing dAMD,while the genus Candidatus Soleaferrea(P=7.75×10^(-4)),genus Desulfovibrio(P=0.04)and genus Eubacterium ventriosum group(P=0.04)exhibited a protective effect against dAMD.No significant causal relationships were observed at higher taxonomic levels.Additionally,in the reverse IVW analysis,no meaningful causal effects of the 7 GM taxa.CONCLUSION:These findings give support for the gutretina axis participation in dAMD and shed light on putative underlying processes.Investigations on the connection between GM and dAMD have not yet revealed the underlying mechanism.

Mendelian Randomization Study of Causal Relationship between Inflammatory Factors and Vascular Dementia and Chinese Herbal Medicines Screening for Prevention and Treatment

Objective: This study aims to examine the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and the probability of developing vascular dementia (VD) using Mendelian Randomization (MR) and Chinese herbal medicine prediction method, and to screen potential Chinese herbal medicines for the prevention and treatment of VD. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that exhibit a strong association with vascular dementia (VD) were identified as instrumental variables from the summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary analytical method employed was inverse variance weighting (IVW), while auxiliary analyses included the MR-Egger method, weighted median method, simple model, and weighted model. A two-way Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to assess the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and the risk of VD, thereby identifying the key inflammatory factors involved. The MR-Egger intercept test and Cochran’s Q test were employed to assess the horizontal polymorphism and heterogeneity of instrumental variables. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding one method at a time. Ultimately, based on key inflammatory factors, predictions for the prevention and treatment using traditional Chinese medicine were made, along with the screening of homologous herbal remedies. Results: Based on the results of the forward MR, the probability of developing VD was elevated when the inflammatory factors CXCL10 and CXCL5 were expressed at higher levels, whereas the probability of developing VD decreased as the expression levels of IL-13 and IL-20RA increased. These findings were supported by the assessment of pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and sensitivity. The results of the reverse MR analysis showed that there was no causal relationship between VD, as an exposure dataset, and these four inflammatory factors. According to the key inflammatory factors, 37 Chinese herbal medicines such as Siraitia grosvenorii were selected. Their characteristics including four natures, five flavors, channel tropism and treatment efficiency were cold, warm, neutral, pungent, sweet, bitter, lung meridian, spleen meridian, liver meridian, kidney meridian and clearing heat. Among them, Siraitia grosvenorii, Poria with hostwood, Perilla frutescens, and Radix Platycodi were all medicine and food homologous Chinese herbal medicines. Conclusions: The increase of CXCL10 and CXCL5 expression levels can increase the risk of VD, and the increase of IL-13 and IL-20 RA expression levels can reduce the risk of VD. Siraitia grosvenorii and other Chinese herbal medicines might be potential sources of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of VD. Medicine and food homologous Chinese herbal medicines, such as Siraitia grosvenorii, Poria with hostwood, Perilla frutescens, and Radix Platycodi, may help the elderly population with corresponding Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitutions to prevent VD.

Causal associations between inflammatory bowel disease and anxiety:A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND Anxiety is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including those with ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD);however,the causal relationship between IBD and anxiety remains unknown.AIM To investigate the causal relationship between IBD and anxiety by using bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms retrieved from genome-wide association studies(GWAS)of the European population were identified as genetic instrument variants.GWAS statistics for individuals with UC(6968 patients and 20464 controls;adults)and CD(5956 patients and 14927 controls;adults)were obtained from the International IBD Genetics Consortium.GWAS statistics for individuals with anxiety were obtained from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium(2565 patients and 14745 controls;adults)and FinnGen project(20992 patients and 197800 controls;adults),respectively.Inverse-variance weighted was applied to assess the causal relationship,and the results were strengthened by heterogeneity,pleiotropy and leave-one-out analyses.RESULTS Genetic susceptibility to UC was associated with an increased risk of anxiety[odds ratio:1.071(95%confidence interval:1.009-1.135),P=0.023],while genetic susceptibility to CD was not associated with anxiety.Genetic susceptibility to anxiety was not associated with UC or CD.No heterogeneity or pleiotropy was observed,and the leave-one-out analysis excluded the potential influence of a particular variant.CONCLUSION This study revealed that genetic susceptibility to UC was significantly associated with anxiety and highlighted the importance of early screening for anxiety in patients with UC.

Blood cell counts and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis

BACKGROUND Previous research has highlighted correlations between blood cell counts and chronic liver disease.Nonetheless,the causal relationships remain unknown.AIM To evaluate the causal effect of blood cell traits on liver enzymes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)risk.METHODS Independent genetic variants strongly associated with blood cell traits were extracted from a genome-wide association study(GWAS)conducted by the Blood Cell Consortium.Summary-level data for liver enzymes were obtained from the United Kingdom Biobank.NAFLD data were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis(8434 cases and 770180 controls,discovery dataset)and the Fingen GWAS(2275 cases and 372727 controls,replication dataset).This analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted method,followed by various sensitivity analyses.RESULTS One SD increase in the genetically predicted haemoglobin concentration(HGB)was associated with aβof 0.0078(95%CI:0.0059-0.0096),0.0108(95%CI:0.0080-0.0136),0.0361(95%CI:0.0156-0.0567),and 0.0083(95%CI:00046-0.0121)for alkaline phosphatase(ALP),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase,and gammaglutamyl transferase,respectively.Genetically predicted haematocrit was associated with ALP(β=0.0078,95%CI:0.0052-0.0104)and ALT(β=0.0057,95%CI:0.0039-0.0075).Genetically determined HGB and the reticulocyte fraction of red blood cells increased the risk of NAFLD[odds ratio(OR)=1.199,95%CI:1.087-1.322]and(OR=1.157,95%CI:1.071-1.250).The results of the sensitivity analyses remained significant.CONCLUSION Novel causal blood cell traits related to liver enzymes and NAFLD development were revealed through Mendelian randomization analysis,which may facilitate the diagnosis and prevention of NAFLD.

Exploring the anti-osteoporotic potential of simvastatin and metformin: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization and animal experiment investigation

Background:Both simvastatin and metformin have demonstrated potential efficacy in osteoporosis(OP)treatment.However,there is a lack of systematic studies comparing their anti-osteoporotic effects.This study aims to compare the effects of simvastatin and metformin on OP through Mendelian randomization(MR)studies and animal experiments.Methods:Initially,we will analyze the causal impact of simvastatin or metformin treatment on OP prevalence and three common clinical OP diagnostic markers(bone mineral density(BMD),serum osteocalcin(OCN),and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)levels)using genome-wide association study(GWAS)summary statistics.Additionally,we established animal models to further analyze and compare the anti-osteoporosis effects of simvastatin and metformin.8 male C57BL/6J mice(3-month-old)and 24 male C57BL/6J mice(18-month-old)were treated with simvastatin or metformin for 12 weeks.OP pathology was assessed using histology,immunohistochemistry,biomechanical tests,micro-computed tomography,and osteogenic differentiation assays.Results:In the MR analysis,metformin treatment was significantly associated with lower OP prevalence(OR(95%CI)=0.933(0.902–0.965),β=-0.0694,P<0.001)and higher BMD(OR(95%CI)=3.719(1.750–7.908),β=1.3136,P<0.001).In the animal experiment,both drugs increased bone mass,improved bone microstructure,and promoted osteoblast differentiation.However,metformin appeared more effective in several aspects.It significantly inhibited bone marrow adipocyte and osteoclast differentiation in aged mice compared to simvastatin.Additionally,metformin better promoted the expression of osteoprotegerin(OPG)and collagen type I(Col-I)in bone tissue and maintained the structure and biomechanical properties of cancellous bone.Conclusion:Both drugs significantly preserved bone homeostasis.Particularly,compared with simvastatin,metformin exhibited superior effects in inhibiting adipogenesis,enhancing the OPG/RANKL pathway,and promoting cancellous bone reconstruction.Metformin may serve as a valuable adjunct in preventing and treating OP in the elderly.

Diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer risk:A mendelian randomization analysis

BACKGROUND Some studies have directed towards an association between diabetes mellitus(DM)and prostate cancer(PCa);however,this specific relationship remains inconclusive.In recent years,Mendelian randomization(MR)has become a widely used analytical method for inferring epidemiological causes.AIM To investigated the potential relationship between DM and PCa using MR.METHODS We downloaded relevant data on"diabetes"and"PCa"from the IEU OpenGWAS project database,performed three different methods to conduct MR,and carried out sensitivity analysis for verification.RESULTS The results indicated that DM was an independent risk factor for PCa.The odds ratio(OR)values obtained using the inverse variance weighted method in this study were as follows:OR=1.018(95%confidence interval:1.004-1.032),P=0.014.CONCLUSION We found that DM could increase the incidence rate of PCa.

Mendelian randomization provides evidence for a causal effect of serum insulin-like growth factor family concentration on risk of atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)is one of the most common persistent arrhythmias among adult cardiovascular diseases.It is important to identify potential risk factors for AF.Members of the insulin-like growth factor(IGF)family exert a variety of effects on various cell types in the context of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases,and previous population-based studies indicate associations between IGF family members and AF.However,the causal effects of IGF family members in AF have not been evaluated.assess genetic relationships between IGF family members and AF.METHODS MR was performed based on genome-wide association study(GWAS)datasets,and concentration levels of 14 IGF family members were retrieved.An initial MR analysis was conducted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms potentially associated with IGF serum concentrations.A GWAS meta-analysis including 60620 AF cases and 970216 control participants of European ancestry was then conducted to identify AF causal effects.Two-sample MR packages were used to perform MR analysis in R.MR-Egger,weighted median(WM),and inverse va-riance weighted(IVW)methods were used.RESULTS Core Tip:Due to the high prevalence of atrial fibrillation(AF),and adverse outcomes related to it,it is important to identify risk factors associated with development of the condition.Insulin-like growth factor(IGF)family members exert a variety of effects on various cell types in the context of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases,and previous population-based studies indicate associations between IGF family members and AF.However,the causal effects of IGF family members in AF have not been evaluated.The results of the current study provide novel insights on the pathogenesis of AF,and implic-ations of serum IGF family member concentrations when assessing the risk of AF.The study generated evidence on the potential roles of developmental pathological effects in the pathogenesis of AF.Further observational and experimental studies are critically needed.

Causal effect of education on type 2 diabetes:A network Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND The causality between education and type 2 diabetes(T2DM)remains unclear.AIM To identify the causality between education and T2DM and the potential metabolic risk factors[coronary heart disease(CHD),total cholesterol,lowdensity lipoprotein,triglycerides(TG),body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),fasting insulin,fasting glucose,and glycated hemoglobin]from summarized genome-wide association study(GWAS)data used a network Mendelian randomization(MR).METHODS Two-sample MR and network MR were performed to obtain the causality between education-T2DM,education-mediator,and mediator-T2DM.Summary statistics from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium(discovery data)and Neale Lab consortium(replication data)were used for education and DIAGRAMplusMetabochip for T2DM.RESULTS The odds ratio for T2DM was 0.392(95%CI:0.263-0.583)per standard deviation increase(3.6 years)in education by the inverse variance weighted method,without heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.Education was genetically associated with CHD,TG,BMI,WC,and WHR in the discovery phase,yet only the results for CHD,BMI,and WC were replicated in the replication data.Moreover,BMI was genetically associated with T2DM.CONCLUSION Short education was found to be associated with an increased T2DM risk.BMI might serve as a potential mediator between them.

Effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system:A mendelian randomization study

Infections with the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and disorders of the heart and blood vessels are causally related.To ascertain the causal relationship between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease(CVD),we carried out a Mendelian randomization(MR)study through a method known as inverse variance weighting(IVW).When analyzing multiple SNPs,MR can meta-aggregate the effects of multiple loci by using IVW meta-pooling method.The weighted median(WM)is the median of the distribution function obtained by ranking all individual SNP effect values according to their weights.WM yields robust estimates when at least 50%of the information originates from valid instrumental variables(IVs).Directed gene pleiotropy in the included IVs is permitted because MR–Egger does not require a regression straight line through the origin.For MR estimation,IVW,WM and MR-Egger were employed.Sensitivity analysis was conducted using funnel plots,Cochran's Q test,MR–Egger intercept test,MR–PRESSO,and leave-one-out analysis.SNPs related to exposure to COVID-19 and CVD were compiled.CVD for COVID-19 infection,COVID-19 laboratory/self-reported negative,and other very severe respiratory diagnosis and population were randomly assigned using MR.The COVID-19 laboratory/self-reported negative results and other very severe respiratory confirmed cases versus MR analysis of CVD in the population(p>0.05);COVID-19 infection to CVD(p?0.033,OR?1.001,95%CI:1.000–1.001);and the MR–Egger results indicated that COVID-19 infection was associated with CVD risk.This MR study provides preliminary evidence for the validity of the causal link between COVID-19 infection and CVD.

双向孟德尔随机化研究分析哮喘与肌少症的因果效应

目的采用孟德尔随机化研究(MR)探索哮喘与肌少症的因果效应。方法两样本MR评估哮喘数据集对肌少症关联的3个数据集(低手握力、四肢肌肉重量和行走速度)的因果关系。逆方差加权法结果作为主要指标,MR-Egger回归、加权中位值、基于众数的简单估计和基于众数的加权估计作为参考。逐步剔除法检验敏感性,Q检验检验异质性,MR-pleiotropy函数检验多效性。反向MR研究肌少症对哮喘的影响。结果哮喘与低手握力概率增加有关(OR=1.703,95%CI:1.206~2.405,P=0.003);与四肢肌肉重量减少有关(OR=0.733,95%CI:0.598~0.899,P=0.003);与行走速度降低有关(OR=0.930,95%CI:0.873~0.990,P=0.022)。逐步剔除法证实哮喘对肌少症3个数据集因果效应结果稳定。反向研究未发现肌少症对哮喘存在促进作用。结论哮喘促进肌少症的发生和发展,是肌少症的潜在不利因素。

端粒长度与10种常见肌肉骨骼疾病的关系孟德尔随机化分析

背景:多项观察性研究表明,端粒长度与肌肉骨骼疾病之间存在潜在的关联,然而它们之间的潜在机制仍不清楚。目的:利用两样本孟德尔随机化分析来探索端粒长度与肌肉骨骼疾病之间的遗传因果关系。方法:从英国生物银行中获得端粒长度的全基因组关联研究汇总数据。从FinnGen财团中获得了关于10种常见肌肉骨骼疾病(骨坏死、骨髓炎、骨质疏松、类风湿关节炎、腰痛、椎管狭窄、痛风、肩周炎、强直性脊柱炎和下肢深静脉血栓)的全基因组关联研究汇总数据。使用逆方差加权、孟德尔随机化-Egger和加权中位数方法评估端粒长度与10种肌肉骨骼疾病的因果关系,逆方差加权作为主要的孟德尔随机化分析方法,并进行敏感性分析探讨结果稳健性。结果与结论:①逆方差加权法结果表明,遗传预测的端粒长度与类风湿关节炎(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.64-0.95,P=0.015)和骨坏死(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.36-0.90,P=0.016)风险之间存在负向因果关系,但未发现端粒长度与其他8种肌肉骨骼疾病之间存在因果关系(P均>0.05)。②敏感性分析结果表明因果关系稳健,孟德尔随机化-Egger截距分析未检测到潜在的水平多效性(P均>0.05)。③此项孟德尔随机化研究支持端粒长度对类风湿关节炎和骨坏死的保护作用的结论,然而,未来将需要更多的基础和临床研究来验证。

维生素D与妊娠剧吐的因果关联:两样本孟德尔随机化研究

目的:采用两样本孟德尔随机化研究维生素D与妊娠剧吐之间的因果关联。方法:基于IEU OpenGWAS project网站,搜寻样本量最大的维生素D的GWAS数据集以及妊娠剧吐的GWAS数据集。从ieu-b-4808库中选取维生素D强相关的SNPs,设置P<5×10^(-8)且连锁不平衡系数0.001及其区域宽度10000 kb;从finn-b-O15_EXCESS_VOMIT_PREG中选择妊娠剧吐关联SNPs。合并数据集纳入174个SNPs为工具变量。采用随机效应逆方差加权(IVW)、MR-Egger、加权中值、加权模型等4种回归模型分析维生素D与妊娠剧吐之间的关联。结果:MR-Egger回归截距项是0.005,相应P值为0.513,提示SNPs没有基因多效性。IVW回归结果发现OR(95%CI s)是0.478(0.303~0.753),P值为0.001;MR-Egger、加权中值、加权模型结果与IVW结果类似。IVW和MR-Egger回归的Cochran’s Q值分别为143.733(P=0.893)和143.303(P=0.888),提示SNPs间没有异质性。结论:维生素D是妊娠剧吐的保护因素。

91种炎症蛋白与5种心血管疾病的因果关系:双向孟德尔随机化研究

目的采用孟德尔随机化(MR)和反向MR方法评估91种炎症蛋白与5种心血管疾病(主动脉夹层、动脉瘤、冠心病、非风湿性心瓣膜病和风湿性心瓣膜病)之间的因果关系。方法使用来自欧洲人群的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)数据,利用MR方法和反向MR方法对91种炎症蛋白与5种心血管疾病之间的双向因果关系进行评估分析。MR分析方法包括逆方差加权法、加权中位数法、MR-Egger回归、简单模式和加权模式,敏感性分析包括Cochran’s Q检验、MR-Egger截距检验、MR-PRESSO法和留一法。结果共有16种炎症蛋白可能与心血管疾病风险存在相关性,分别为C-C趋化因子配体(CCL)20、CD5、CCL28、白细胞介素20受体α(IL-20RA)、潜在转化生长因子β1前体(LAP-TGF-β1)、胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成集(TSLP)、胱抑素D(CST5)、白血病抑制因子(LIF)、翻译起始因子4E结合蛋白1(EIF4EBP1)、CCL4、白细胞介素22受体α1(IL-22RA1)、IL-10、IL-17C、单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)-2/CCL8、神经秩蛋白(NRTN)、MCP-3/CCL7。此外,心血管疾病的进展可能会导致10种炎症蛋白水平的变化,包括CCL11、IL-8、TNF-β、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)-19、白细胞介素10受体α(IL-10RA)、FGF-21、白细胞介素10受体β(IL-10RB)、β-神经生长因子(β-NGF)、CD5和MCP-1/CCL2。结论多种炎症蛋白与5种心血管疾病之间存在双向因果关系,进一步研究各种炎症蛋白与上述心血管疾病之间的相关性具有潜在临床价值。

类风湿性关节炎与骨质疏松症和骨密度关系的孟德尔随机化分析

背景:许多临床研究观察表明类风湿性关节炎与骨质疏松症和骨密度之间存在密切关系,但类风湿性关节炎与骨质疏松症和骨密度之间是否存在因果遗传尚不清楚。目的:采用两样本孟德尔随机化研究方法评估类风湿性关节炎与骨质疏松症和骨密度之间潜在的因果关系,从遗传学的角度对潜在的机制提供有意义的见解,为早期预防骨质疏松症、改善疾病的发生发展提供参考。方法:从全基因组关联研究(GWAS)公开数据库中筛选出与类风湿性关节炎相关的(P<5×10^(-8))单核苷酸多态性位点作为工具变量。研究结局主要包括骨质疏松症、5个不同部位的骨密度,包括全身骨密度、腰椎骨密度、股骨颈骨密度、足跟骨密度以及前臂骨密度。逆方差加权法为该研究评估因果效应的主要分析方法,文章采用加权中位数法、简单中位数法、加权中值方法和MR-Egger回归用于补充说明,以比值比(OR)和95%可信区间(95%CI)评价类风湿性关节炎与骨质疏松症及骨密度风险之间的因果关系,使用类风湿性关节炎Cochran’s Q检验异质性,利用MR-Egger-intercept检验是否存在水平多效性。结果与结论:①逆方差加权法结果表明遗传预测的类风湿性关节炎与骨质疏松症呈正相关(OR=1.123,95%CI:1.077-1.171,P=4.02×10^(-8)),异质性检验表明单核苷酸多态性位点不存在异质性(P=0.388),MR-Egger-intercept检验未检测到水平多效性(P=0.571),敏感性分析显示研究结果没有产生偏倚。②类风湿性关节炎与5个部位的骨密度之间不存在因果关系显示如下:全身骨密度(OR=1.000,95%CI:0.988-1.012,P=0.925)、腰椎骨密度(OR=0.999,95%CI:0.982-1.016,P=0.937)、股骨颈骨密度(OR=1.001,95%CI:0.986-1.016,P=0.866)、足跟骨密度(OR=0.996,95%CI:0.989-1.004,P=0.419)、前臂骨密度(OR=1.063,95%CI:0.970-1.031,P=0.996)。MR-Egger-intercept分析未检测到潜在的水平多效性(全身骨密度:P=0.253;腰椎骨密度:P=0.638;股骨颈骨密度:P=0.553;足跟骨密度:P=0.444;前臂骨密度:P=0.079)。③类风湿性关节炎可能通过慢性炎症与骨的形成、骨溶解和吸收之间的相互作用导致骨质疏松症,此外,糖皮质激素的使用和类风湿性关节炎患者身体内的自身抗体(如抗瓜氨酸蛋白抗体)阳性也与骨质疏松症存在相关性。④未来研究需重点关注类风湿性关节炎患者全身免疫水平的系统性炎症指标、糖皮质激素的规范使用以及定期进行骨质疏松症风险筛查。