Suitable growing zone and yield potential for late-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrid rice in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China

Late-maturity type of Yongyou japonica/indica hybrids series （LMYS） have shown great yield potential, and are being widely planted in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China. Knowledge about suitable growing zone and evaluation of yield advantage is of practicall importance for LMYS in this region. Fifteen LMYS, two high-yielding inbred japonica check varieties （CK-J） and two high-yielding hybrid indica check varieties （CK-I） were grown at Xinghua （119.57°E, 33.05°N） of Lixiahe region, Yangzhou （119.25°E, 32.30°N）of Yanjiang region, Changshu （120.46°E, 31.41°N）of Taihu Lake region, and Ningbo （121.31°E, 29.45°N） of Ningshao Plain in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that maturity dates of the 15 were later than the secure maturity date at Xinghua and 6, 14 and 15 LMYS were mature before the secure maturity date at Yangzhou, Changshu and Ningbo, respectively. One variety was identified as high-yielding variety among LMYS （HYYS） at Yangzhou, 8 HYYS in 201：3 and 9 HYYS in 2014 at Changshu, 9 HYYS at Ningbo. HYYS here referred to the variety among LMYS that was mature before the secure maturity date and had at least 8% higher grain yield than both CK-J and CK-I at each experimental site. Grain yield of HYYS at each experimental site was about 12.0 t ha-1 or higher, and was significantly higher than CK varieties. High yield of HYYS was mainly attributed to larger sink size due to more spikelets per panicle. Plant height of HYYS was about 140 cm, and was significantly higher than check varieties. Significant positive correlations were recorded between duration from heading to maturity stage and grain yield, and also between whole growth periods and grain yield. HYYS had obvious advantage over check varieties in biomass accumulation and leaf area duration from heading to maturity stage. Comprehensive consideration about safe matudty and yield performance of LMYS at each experimental site, Taihu Lake region （representative site Changshu） and Ningshao Plain （representative site Ningbo） were thought suitable growing zones for LMYS in the lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main factors underlying high yield ofHYYS were larger sink size, higher plant height, longer duration from heading to maturity stage and whole growth periods, and higher biomass accumulation and leaf area duration during grain filling stage.

Resistance Evaluation of Some Hybrid Rice, Conventional Early Indica and Late Japonica Rice to Magnaporthe grisea

Thirty isolates of Magnaporthe grisea collected from 18 provinces/cities representing 21 pathotypes and 9 different lineages were inoculated to rice varieties with known resistance genes and some hybrid rices, conventional early indica and late japonica varieties cultivated recently in China. Virulence spectrum of the 30 isolates was very different, showing that they recognize numerous different resistance genes. Varieties also revealed very different resistance patterns showing that they carry different resistance genes or combinations of resistance genes. On the basis of comparisons with international differential varieties with known resistance genes, resistance genes in certain Chinese varieties could be speculated. The results indicated that some of them were resistant to most of the isolates tested and that they could be of interest as resistance sources for hybrid parents or to be planted in the field directly.

Yield and Quality Performance of Japonica Rice Varieties Grown in the Late Season in a Double Rice Cropping System of China

Meeting the demand for high-quality japonica rice is a major challenge facing China's grain security. In the present study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the yield, quality, and profitability of japonica rice varieties(including hybrids and inbreds) grown in the late season as compared with local elite indica hybrids in a double rice cropping system of China where indicas are traditionally planted. Indica hybrids had significantly longer vegetative(from sowing to heading) and total(from sowing to maturity) growth durations than japonicas in both2011 and 2012, while reproductive growth duration(from heading to maturity) was longer for indica hybrids than for japonicas in 2011 but not in 2012. Indica hybrids produced higher grain yield than japonicas in 2011, but with no significant differences in 2012. Japonicas had higher brown rice, milled rice, and head rice percentages than indicas, but had lower gelatinization temperature and amylose content,while with no significant differences in gel consistency and protein content. Indica hybrids tended to have lower chalky grain percentage and chalkiness degree than japonicas, though the differences were not statistically significant due to large genotypic variations. The net returns were 16.1% and 9.9% greater for indica hybrids than for japonica hybrids and japonica inbreds in 2011, with only 3.8% and 1.3% in2012, respectively. Thus, our results suggest that replacing indicas with japonica varieties as late rice may not be feasible at the present site unless locally adapted japonica varieties are developed.

Effect of Nitrogen and Density Interaction on Yield Formation of Late Japonica Rice Under Different Transplanting Dates

[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer amount and transplanting density that should be selected for different transplanting dates.[Methods]The effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and transplanting density on the traits and yield of late japonica rice in the Jianghuai rice-wheat cropping area under different transplanting dates(transplanting at an appropriate time and delayed transplanting)were studied.[Results]The transplanting date significantly affected the heading,maturity and whole growth period of rice,and when the transplanting date of early-maturing late japonica rice was delayed by 15 d,the growth period was shortened by about 10 d.Nitrogen and density interaction obviously affected the dry matter accumulation and effective tillers of rice,and the dry matter production and effective tiller number of rice treated with B_(1)N_(2) were greater than other treatments.Under the timely transplanting date,the best nitrogen and density combination was 225-300 kg/hm^(2) and 250500 holes/hm^(2),and the nitrogen use efficiency was ideal.It suggests that under the condition of transplanting rice in a timely manner,applying nitrogen fertilizer at an appropriate rate while ensuring a reasonable population density is conducive to the coordination of the number of stems and tillers,the number of grains per panicle,etc.,thereby ensuring the best formation of yield factors in the middle and late stages of rice growth.[Conclusions]This study provides technical support and theoretical reference for reasonable nitrogen and density interaction of rice.

早熟晚粳糯稻新品种扬粳糯5号的选育与应用

扬粳糯5号是江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所以高产糯稻品系镇稻622为母本、优质广适糯稻品种镇糯19号为父本进行杂交,结合稻瘟病抗性基因和米香基因的分子标记辅助选择培育成的优质高产抗病早熟晚粳糯稻新品种。扬粳糯5号全生育期153.9d,株高97.6cm,每亩有效穗21.6万,每穗总粒数120-140粒,结实率90%以上,千粒重27~28g。抗稻瘟病,中感白叶枯病,感纹枯病;稻米品质达农业行业《食用稻品种品质》一级标准。2021年通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定,同时通过安徽省和浙江省引种备案,适宜在江苏、安徽、浙江等省沿江及江南地区种植。

浙江省粳稻品种的演替研究综述

浙江省作为我国经济较为发达的地区,较早地开展了水稻新品种选育研究。浙江省种植的品种基本涵盖了各种水稻类型,其中粳稻是主要的种植类型,尤其是晚粳稻。虽然自杂交水稻出现后,常规水稻面积占比日益减小,但由于晚粳稻兼顾产量和品质,在生产上仍具有不可替代的地位。对晚粳稻产量影响最大的4个因素进行分析,发现可以通过增加穗粒数和有效穗数以及千粒重来提高产量。除了产量的提高之外,稻米品质也成为了晚粳稻育种的主要目标,因此,现在的育种工作已经将米质作为重要育种目标。本文主要通过对浙江省近20 a通过审定的晚粳稻品种进行生育期、产量、品质、抗病性等方面的分析,总结浙江省粳稻品种的性状变化,以期为浙江省的粳稻育种工作提供参考依据。

浙江省9个晚粳稻代表品种的农艺性状分析

分析浙江省历年审定的9个晚粳稻代表性品种的农艺性状及农艺性状和产量之间的关系,可以了解各农艺性状对产量的影响,以及探索浙江省晚粳稻品种审定的规律。研究选取9个历年审定晚粳稻品种中表现较好,具有代表性的品种,采用催芽后撒播移栽到大田的方式,测量株高、茎粗、分蘖、剑叶长、剑叶宽、叶绿素含量等农艺性状。剑叶宽和茎粗是各农艺性状中对产量影响最大的2个因素,2010—2019年的3个品种茎粗和剑叶宽为3个时间段中最大的,由此可以看出,茎粗和剑叶宽是农艺性状中对晚粳稻品种产量影响最大的,且浙江省育种研究者也一直在提升晚粳稻的茎粗和剑叶宽。

优质高产晚粳新品种稼粳86的选育与应用

稼粳86系安庆市稼元农业科技有限公司和安徽省农业科学院水稻所选育的双季晚粳新品种,具有适应性广、优质、高产的特征,2021年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会审定,适宜在安徽省一季粳稻和双季晚粳稻区示范推广。介绍了稼粳86的亲本来源及选育过程,总结了其特征特性及栽培技术,以期为该品种的示范推广提供相应参考。

穗分化末期-灌浆初期干旱胁迫对优质食味粳稻根系形态和叶片光合特性的影响

【目的】研究穗分化末期至灌浆初期土壤干旱对优质食味粳稻根系形态生理与叶片光合特性的影响,为水稻抗旱栽培提供理论参考。【方法】以南粳9108和丰粳1606为供试材料,分别在穗分化末期至籽粒灌浆初期20 d(BAH)、穗分化末期10 d(BH)与灌浆初期10 d(AH)设置轻度干旱(LD,ψsoil=−20±5 kPa)、重度干旱(SD,ψsoil=−40±5 kPa)及常规水分(CK)处理。【结果】1)在处理结束当天、处理结束后10 d、穗后30 d与成熟期,根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根干质量与根系活力均表现为SD<LD<CK,根冠比呈相反趋势。在处理结束时,BAH时段SD、LD均与CK差异显著,除根冠比外,BH、AH时段SD与CK差异显著,LD与CK无显著差异。处理结束后10 d、穗后30 d与成熟期,BAH时期SD与CK差异显著,除根尖数外LD与CK差异不显著,BH时期SD根系部分指标与CK差异显著,AH时期水分处理间无显著差异。2)在处理结束时、处理结束后10 d、穗后30 d与成熟期,剑叶净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)均表现为SD<LD<CK,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈相反趋势。在处理结束时,BAH时段SD、LD各指标均与CK差异显著,除Ci外SD、LD间差异也显著,BH、AH时段SD各指标均与CK差异显著,LD与CK差异不显著。在处理结束后10 d、穗后30 d与成熟期,BAH时段SD与CK差异显著,LD与CK差异多不显著,BH时段SD的Pn、Tr、Fv/Fm较CK差异显著,而AH时段各指标在水分处理间差异多数不显著。3)三处理时段下各胁迫处理间产量均表现为SD<LD<CK,BAH、BH时段不同水分处理间差异显著,AH时段LD、CK间无显著差异,但二者均与SD差异显著。【结论】BAH时期轻度干旱、重度干旱均会抑制根系生长与叶片光合能力,显著降低产量,其中轻度干旱影响较小。BH时期土壤重度干旱时,根、叶形态生理指标在处理结束后难以恢复至对照水平,AH时期轻度干旱、重度干旱处理各指标在处理结束后能较快恢复。可见,在穗分化末期至灌浆初期,水稻根系和叶片生长对穗分化末期干旱胁迫更为敏感。

杂交晚粳稻新品种的灰色综合评判筛选

对30个杂交晚粳稻新品种进行单晚栽培筛选,并用灰色综合评判法对8项性状进行综合评判,结果表明:甬优1540、甬优12等10个品种的灰色综合评判值(G)>0.65,为优等品种;甬优69、甬优15等11个品种的G介于0.60~0.65,为良等品种;甬优7826、甬优1516等9个品种的G<0.60,为差等品种。据此,提出甬优1540、甬优12、甬优7850等10个综合性状优良品种可在浙北嘉兴生产应用。

连作晚稻品种生长特性及产量比较

针对连作晚稻季节紧、产量低的问题,比较6个高产杂交稻品种的生长特性和产量。结果表明,甬优59、华中优9326、嘉丰优2号和甬优31每667 m^(2)产量分别较对照品种甬优1540提高12.0%、14.0%、15.4%和16.4%。嘉丰优2号和华中优9326产量较对照品种增产的主要原因是每穗粒数和千粒重提高,甬优31和甬优59产量较甬优1540增产的主要原因是每穗粒数提高。供试品种的生育期较对照品种延长1~6 d。生产上可根据早晚稻品种的生育期进行搭配,选用生长期适宜的杂交稻品种作连作晚稻机插种植。

优质晚粳稻裕粳2号的选育过程及栽培应用

阐述了裕粳2号的选育经过,分析了其主要农艺性状、产量表现、稻米品质、综合抗性和推广应用,并提出了其栽培要点,以期为新品种的选育与推广提供参考。裕粳2号是以嘉花1号为母本、镇稻18号为父本杂交,经数代抗性与食味品质选择,于2017年育成的品质优、丰产性好的常规晚粳稻品种。其株高90 cm左右,有效穗315万/hm^(2),每穗总粒数151粒,结实率80%以上,千粒重28.6 g,具有熟期早、灌浆快、转色好、茎秆粗、抗逆性强、适应性广、适宜作麦茬稻种植等特点。

2023年单季晚粳品种筛选

为鉴定单季晚粳品种的丰产性、稳产性、适应性、抗性、米质及其他重要特征特性表现,进一步筛选适宜当地推广种植的麦茬粳稻品种,满足种植需求,本研究选取10个水稻新品种,以嘉优5号作为对照,开展2023年单季晚粳品种筛选试验。每个品种重复种植3个小区,每个小区面积13.3 m^(2),田间完全随机区组排列,对10个品种及对照的产量、米质、抗病性及其他性状进行综合分析。结果表明,适宜在研究区及周边地区种植的高产粳稻新品种有5个,分别是W214176、W217682、W097、W227962和W098;抗性品种3个,分别是申优531、W220096和W220130;优质稻品种1个(W222509)。

适宜江西余江地区的优质晚粳稻新品系筛选

为筛选出适宜江西余江地区种植的优质晚粳稻新品种,试验以绍兴市农业科学研究院提供的15个晚粳稻新品系为材料,在江西省邓家埠水稻原种场余江试验基地开展品比试验。结果表明,越14、越15、越18、越20、越24这5个品系表现较好,尤其是越20在丰产性、综合农艺性状、抗性等方面表现突出,具有一定的生产应用前景。

上虞区常规连作晚粳稻品种对比

绍兴市上虞区是浙江省粮食主产区,种植的主要模式为双季稻,常年种植双季晚稻面积大,但目前种植的连作晚稻存在品种单一、主栽品种种植年限长等不足,迫切需要引入熟期适中、优质高产、抗性较强的新品种作为主栽品种,为连作晚稻的稳产高产奠定基础。为此,2022年该地区引入秀水7204和春江166等4个新品种,进行大区对比。结果表明,参试新品种熟期、产量、抗性等均优于当年的主栽品种,适宜在上虞区作为双季晚稻推广种植。

江西省双季稻“早籼晚粳”种植模式产量、资源利用效率及经济效益研究

通过设置“早籼晚粳”、优质稻全程机械化2种常用栽培模式,对比分析了周年产量构成、温光资源利用、氮肥利用、水分利用及经济效益的差异,探索了“早籼晚粳”模式高产的形成机理及高经济效益的形成原因。结果表明:与晚籼稻相比较,籼粳杂交稻生育期更长,灌浆结实期延长了25 d,可充分利用晚稻后期10月下旬—11月上中旬的温光资源,并且籼粳杂交稻穗大粒多、总颖花量大、库容量大,干物质积累量多,因此能获得更高的产量;与全程机械化模式相比,“早籼晚粳”模式周年产量增幅为17.57%,周年光能利用率增幅为12.68%,周年热能利用率增幅为14.07%,周年氮肥利用率增幅为6.89%,周年水分利用率增幅为11.63%,周年经济效益增加了2770元/hm2。“早籼晚粳”模式可充分利用南方稻区双季稻温光资源,大幅提升产量、水资源、温光资源及经济效益,适合在江西省进行大面积推广。

2022年泰兴市早熟晚粳稻品种比较试验

为筛选出适宜泰兴市种植的水稻新品种,加速新品种的推广应用步伐,通过选用10个早熟晚粳稻品种开展比较试验,对其生育期、丰产性、抗倒性及主要农艺性状进行全面考察。试验结果表明,武香粳168在泰兴地区的种植表现极佳,产量位居第1,具有较高的产量潜力。

近30年江苏省迟熟中粳品种产量与品质分析

通过对近30年来江苏省育成的45个迟熟中粳品种的区域试验资料分析和种植鉴定,了解江苏迟熟中粳品种的育种状况,为新品种选育提供参考依据.区试资料分析表明,江苏近30年来迟熟中粳品种产量连上3个台阶,代表品种为1983年审定的盐粳2号,产量达到500 kg/667m^2；1992年审定的武育粳3号,产量达到580 kg/667m^2；1999年审定的武运粳8号,产量达到650 kg/667m^2.2005年以后育成的品种产量徘徊在600 kg/667m^2.2012年扬州种植鉴定结果表明,不同时期育成的品种产量为500~600 kg/667m^2,产量提升不明显.近年来注重品种的外观品质改良,垩白粒率有明显改进,但垩白度和食味品质的改良仍需要加强.

施氮量和品种类型对稻米食味品质的影响

以常规晚粳、杂交晚粳、杂交中籼3种类型水稻为材料,在大田条件下设置0、150、225、300 kg/hm2这4种施氮水平,研究品种类型和施氮量对食味品质的影响。结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,米饭的硬度、黏聚性、咀嚼度、回复性呈先增加后降低趋势,最大值在225 kg/hm2水平;黏着性呈先降低后升高趋势,最低值在225 kg/hm2水平;弹性不受氮肥的影响;香气、光泽、味道、口感和食味值呈下降趋势;完整性则一直增加。常规晚粳的米饭各项质构、食味指标均优于杂交晚粳、杂交中籼,杂交晚粳略优于杂交中籼。硬度与黏聚性、咀嚼度、回复性、完整性极显著正相关,与黏着性、香气、光泽、味道、口感、味道、食味值极显著负相关,食味计的各指标间都有显著的相关性,质构指标中除弹性和黏聚性外,其他指标都与食味计指标有显著相关性。

利用农垦58衍生系研究浙江省晚粳产量和植株形态的改良

【目的】阐明晚粳稻产量与植株形态的关系。【方法】以农垦58及其衍生系为材料,通过在同一生态条件下的种植试验,比较不同时期水稻品种的产量、叶部、茎部和穗部性状,分析近几十年浙江省晚粳品种改良过程中产量及植株形态的演变,并进行产量和植株性状的相关分析。【结果】浙江省晚粳产量增加最快的阶段是60年代,此阶段的水稻品种类型可分为穗粒兼顾型和穗数型;70年代后产量增幅较慢,品种多为穗粒兼顾型。在植株形态中,近代品种(育成年份1985～1995年)的剑叶长度、上3叶的叶基角小于早代品种(1985年以前育成),倒3叶长度、剑叶和倒3叶的宽度大于早代品种;近代品种较矮,各节间长度均小于早代品种,但茎秆密度和单位叶鞘重于早代品种,而着粒密度高于早代品种。植株性状和产量的相关分析表明,剑叶和倒2叶的长度、上3叶的叶基角和叶片曲率、倒1和倒2节节间长度与产量存在显著负相关,结实率与产量显著正相关。【结论】水稻产量的提高和植株形态的改良有很大的关系,提高浙江省晚粳单产的可行途径是在保持高结实率的前提下适当增加每穗粒数。