Two-Stage Optimal Scheduling of Community Integrated Energy System

From the perspective of a community energy operator,a two-stage optimal scheduling model of a community integrated energy system is proposed by integrating information on controllable loads.The day-ahead scheduling analyzes whether various controllable loads participate in the optimization and investigates the impact of their responses on the operating economy of the community integrated energy system(IES)before and after;the intra-day scheduling proposes a two-stage rolling optimization model based on the day-ahead scheduling scheme,taking into account the fluctuation of wind turbine output and load within a short period of time and according to the different response rates of heat and cooling power,and solves the adjusted output of each controllable device.The simulation results show that the optimal scheduling of controllable loads effectively reduces the comprehensive operating costs of community IES;the two-stage optimal scheduling model can meet the energy demand of customers while effectively and timely suppressing the random fluctuations on both sides of the source and load during the intra-day stage,realizing the economic and smooth operation of IES.

Two-Stage Planning of Distributed Power Supply and Energy Storage Capacity Considering Hierarchical Partition Control of Distribution Network with Source-Load-Storage

Aiming at the consumption problems caused by the high proportion of renewable energy being connected to the distribution network,it also aims to improve the power supply reliability of the power system and reduce the operating costs of the power system.This paper proposes a two-stage planning method for distributed generation and energy storage systems that considers the hierarchical partitioning of source-storage-load.Firstly,an electrical distance structural index that comprehensively considers active power output and reactive power output is proposed to divide the distributed generation voltage regulation domain and determine the access location and number of distributed power sources.Secondly,a two-stage planning is carried out based on the zoning results.In the phase 1 distribution network-zoning optimization layer,the network loss is minimized so that the node voltage in the area does not exceed the limit,and the distributed generation configuration results are initially determined;in phase 2,the partition-node optimization layer is planned with the goal of economic optimization,and the distance-based improved ant lion algorithm is used to solve the problem to obtain the optimal distributed generation and energy storage systemconfiguration.Finally,the IEEE33 node systemwas used for simulation.The results showed that the voltage quality was significantly improved after optimization,and the overall revenue increased by about 20.6%,verifying the effectiveness of the two-stage planning.

光学玻璃磨削亚表面损伤预测模型及DOE实验设计

为了掌握光学玻璃材料杯型砂轮研磨与表面粗糙度(SR)和亚表面损伤(SSD)机理,本文建立BK7光学玻璃杯型砂轮研磨表面粗糙度的预测模型,通过改变磨削参数来研究对表面粗糙度的影响。设计DOE试验,研究影响SR与SSD的显著性特征因子,并分析了各因子的交互作用。实验结果表明预测模型的可靠性,得到表面粗糙度的预测模型数据与实验数据的平均误差为5.47%。采用角抛光法,通过电子显微镜观测表面裂纹,并测量裂纹的深度。最后,基于Li的模型,建立基于磨削工艺参数的亚表面损伤的新预测模型。实验结果表明:实验和预测模型结果具有很好的一致性,模型数据与实验数据的平均误差为6.19%,并且新预测模型结果要优于Li的模型。

Influence of two-stage harvesting on the properties of cold-pressed rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)oils

Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)harvesting method is critical since it significantly determines the seed yield,oil quality,and industrial efficiency.This study investigated the influences of harvesting methods on the quality of cold-pressed rapeseed oil of two varieties.Oil color,peroxide value(POV),tocopherol content,fatty acid composition,and polarity of total polyphenols(PTP)contents of two rapeseed varieties in Huanggang and Xiangyang were compared through artificially simulated combined harvesting and two-stage harvesting.Results showed significant differences in the quality of rapeseed oil between the two harvesting methods.The red value(R-value),POV,total tocopherol contents,linoleic and linolenic acid content,and PTP content of the pressed rapeseed oil prepared by the combined harvesting method were about 27.6,5.7,15.8,2.0,0.5,and 28.6%lower than those of the oil produced from the two-stage harvesting method,respectively.Xiangyang and Huayouza62 performed better in the two regions and two varieties,respectively.To sum up,the rapeseed oil obtained 41–44 days after final flowering of combined harvesting,35 days after final flowering,and six days of post-ripening of the two-stage harvesting had the best quality.

Tourism Route Recommendation Based on A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Using Two-Stage Decomposition and Pareto Layering

Tourism route planning is widely applied in the smart tourism field.The Pareto-optimal front obtained by the traditional multi-objective evolutionary algorithm exhibits long tails,sharp peaks and disconnected regions problems,which leads to uneven distribution and weak diversity of optimization solutions of tourism routes.Inspired by these limitations,we propose a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for tourism route recommendation(MOTRR)with two-stage and Pareto layering based on decomposition.The method decomposes the multiobjective problem into several subproblems,and improves the distribution of solutions through a two-stage method.The crowding degree mechanism between extreme and intermediate populations is used in the two-stage method.The neighborhood is determined according to the weight of the subproblem for crossover mutation.Finally,Pareto layering is used to improve the updating efficiency and population diversity of the solution.The two-stage method is combined with the Pareto layering structure,which not only maintains the distribution and diversity of the algorithm,but also avoids the same solutions.Compared with several classical benchmark algorithms,the experimental results demonstrate competitive advantages on five test functions,hypervolume(HV)and inverted generational distance(IGD)metrics.Using the experimental results of real scenic spot datasets from two famous tourism social networking sites with vast amounts of users and large-scale online comments in Beijing,our proposed algorithm shows better distribution.It proves that the tourism routes recommended by our proposed algorithm have better distribution and diversity,so that the recommended routes can better meet the personalized needs of tourists.

Multi-source coordinated stochastic restoration for SOP in distribution networks with a two-stage algorithm

After suffering from a grid blackout, distributed energy resources(DERs), such as local renewable energy and controllable distributed generators and energy storage can be used to restore loads enhancing the system’s resilience. In this study, a multi-source coordinated load restoration strategy was investigated for a distribution network with soft open points(SOPs). Here, the flexible regulation ability of the SOPs is fully utilized to improve the load restoration level while mitigating voltage deviations. Owing to the uncertainty, a scenario-based stochastic optimization approach was employed,and the load restoration problem was formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. A computationally efficient solution algorithm was developed for the model using convex relaxation and linearization methods. The algorithm is organized into a two-stage structure, in which the energy storage system is dispatched in the first stage by solving a relaxed convex problem. In the second stage, an integer programming problem is calculated to acquire the outputs of both SOPs and power resources. A numerical test was conducted on both IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 123-bus systems to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Two-stage revision in periprosthetic knee joint infections

Periprosthetic joint infection(PJI)following total knee arthroplasty is one of the most catastrophic and costly complications that carries significant patient wellness as well as economic burdens.The road to efficiently diagnosing and treating PJI is challenging,as there is still no gold standard method to reach the diagnosis as early as desired.There are also international controversies with respect to the best approach to manage PJI cases.In this review,we highlight recent advances in managing PJI following knee arthroplasty surgery and discuss in depth the two-stage revision method.

A two-stage but time-saving reconstructive scheme to treat severe lower limb length discrepancy:Two case reports

Limb length discrepancy(LLD)is a common orthopedic condition that can result in significant functional impairment,pain,and cosmetic deformities.Current reconstructive techniques for severe LLD are primarily based on callus distraction,which is a time-consuming process that can lead to complications,such as significant infection,joint stiffness,and stress fractures.To reduce the therapeutic time and minimize the risk of complications,we investigated the use of vascularized bone flaps as a technical supplement to callus distraction in the reconstruction of short limbs.We present two cases of severe LLD in the upper and lower legs,in which a twostage reconstruction approach was used.In the first stage,external fixation was applied to the affected limb to correct the soft tissue length and convert the short deformity into a bone defect.In the second stage,the bone defect was reconstructed using bilateral(patient A)or unilateral(patient B)free vascularized fibula bone grafts.Both patients had complete survival of the fibular grafts without stress fractures,and bone consolidation took 8 months(patient A)and 4 months(patient B).Compared to the traditional callus distraction,the two-stage approach was found to be more time-saving and reliable.The entire reconstructive scheme required 18 and 4 months for patients A and B,respectively,whereas the traditional callus distraction required 41 and 17 months,respectively.These findings suggest that the use of vascularized bone flaps as a technical supplement for callus distraction may provide an effective and efficient alternative for the treatment of severe LLD.Further studies are needed to validate these results and assess the long-term outcomes of this approach.

A New Two-Stage Tunable Space-Time Adaptive Detector

In order to improve the rejection capability of mismatched interferer signals,a new two-stage detector is proposed under homogeneous scenarios with unknown covariance matrix,which is obtained by cascading the adaptive matched filter(AMF)detector and the enhanced RAO(EnRAO)detector.The new detector has constant false alarm performance,and the closed-form expression of probability of false alarm and probability of detection is derived.The performance of the new detector is assessed,and analyzed in comparison with other detectors.The results show that,the proposed detector can provide enhanced rejection capability in the case of mismatch,but the performance of the detector is slightly lost under the condition of matching.

基于DOE方法的6061-T6铝合金焊接工艺参数优化研究

车体焊接是确保轨道交通车辆安全性与可靠性的关键环节,而焊接工艺参数的选择与控制则是决定焊接质量的重要因素。传统的焊接工艺参数获取方法依赖于大量的试验,导致试验周期长、成本高昂。为了高效、低成本地研究最佳焊接工艺参数,文章基于IGM公司的六轴自动化焊接机械手设备,以6061-T6铝合金为母材,采用DOE(试验设计)中的部分因子试验设计方法进行参数优化。通过合理的试验设计与结果分析,确定最佳焊接工艺参数组合为:送丝速度5.4 m/min,弧长修正3%,焊接速度53 cm/min,干伸长18 mm,脉冲频率2.5 Hz,有效降低了研究成本,缩短了试验周期。

基于DoE实验设计的硝酸铈溶液雾化特性研究

为满足喷雾热分解法制备氧化铈颗粒需求,使用两相流空气辅助雾化喷嘴,对不同浓度的硝酸铈溶液雾化特性进行了实验研究,并使用响应曲面法对硝酸铈溶液喷雾的雾化颗粒度SMD实验数据进行了定量分析,得到了雾化颗粒度SMD与溶液物理性质及雾化环境参数之间的定量关系。本实验中溶液质量浓度为0.334~0.462、溶液体积流量为0.05 m^(3)/h和0.12 m^(3)/h、雾化空气压力为0.2~0.5 MPa。根据对获得的定量关系式分析可知,对硝酸铈溶液雾化颗粒度SMD影响最显著的因素是溶液浓度,其次是雾化空气压力,溶液体积流量对雾化颗粒度SMD的影响较小;雾化颗粒度均随雾化空气压力的升高而减小,雾化空气压力对粘性较小溶液的影响更加显著。

基于DOE和信噪比的手套箱外盖注塑工艺参数优化

对汽车手套箱外盖的结构进行整体分析,为满足其复杂结构的要求并解决实际生产中出现的质量缺陷,结合Moldex3D软件,优化了浇注位置,设计了传统水路冷却+隔水板冷却的混合冷却方案。以塑件翘曲变形量为质量目标,采用DOE和信噪比均值分析方法优化注塑工艺参数,最佳工艺参数组合为充填时间2.11s、塑料温度260℃、模具温度30℃、保压时间10 s、保压压力147 MPa、冷却时间15.89 s,其中,对翘曲变形量影响最大的是模具温度。优化后,缩痕指数从0.071%降低至0.041%,降低了42.25%,体积收缩率从11.351%降低至9.005%,降低了20.67%,翘曲变形量从4.446 mm降低至1.521 mm,降低了65.79%,表面质量更加均匀,保压效果更佳,优化效果明显。经过注塑工艺参数优化和实际试生产检验后,产品性能稳定,满足注塑生产要求。

基于DOE方法的装载机械工装液压夹具优化设计

装载机械工装需要特定标准化的加工制造设备,针对其生产过程中的定位和夹紧需求,设计一种采用液压驱动的多向功能的夹具装备,通过对装载机械工装液压夹具的结构力学分析,采用DOE设计方法构建斜置铰杆增力机构式液压夹具,构建了装载机械工装液压夹具性能试验环境,通过设置不同的试验工况参数对液压夹具进行测试验证,实验结果表明,DOE设计方法所设计的装载机械工装液压夹具具有较强的稳定性和可靠性。

基于Two-stage DEA-Tobit模型的中国省际竞技体育效率研究

基于Two-stage DEA的网络结构DEA方法,对我国31个省(直辖市、自治区)在第十二届全运会上的表现进行更深入的效率评价,并结合Tobit回归模型对影响竞技体育效率的社会环境因素进行分析.结果表明,全运会两个阶段中,仅山东省和西藏自治区为DEA有效的,AP阶段和AC阶段为DEA有效的地区分别为10个和3个,且提高各地区总效率的关键在于提高其AC阶段效率.从影响因素来看,地区经济水平与效率间存在负向影响,而体育场地资源配置及体育类支出是影响效率的主要因素,国民体质综合指数和体育投入规模对其无显著影响.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of population-based screening of hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparing ultrasonography with two-stage screening

AIM: To assess the cost-effectiveness of two populationbased hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) screening programs, two-stage biomarker-ultrasound method and mass screening using abdominal ultrasonography(AUS).METHODS: In this study, we applied a Markov decision model with a societal perspective and a lifetime horizon for the general population-based cohorts in an area with high HCC incidence, such as Taiwan. The accuracy of biomarkers and ultrasonography was estimated from published meta-analyses. The costs of surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment were based on a combination of published literature, Medicare payments, and medical expenditure at the National Taiwan University Hospital. The main outcome measure was cost per lifeyear gained with a 3% annual discount rate. RESULTS: The results show that the mass screening using AUS was associated with an incremental costeffectiveness ratio of USD39825 per life-year gained, whereas two-stage screening was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of USD49733 per life-year gained, as compared with no screening. Screening programs with an initial screening age of 50 years old and biennial screening interval were the most cost-effective. These findings were sensitive to the costs of screening tools and the specificity of biomarker screening.CONCLUSION: Mass screening using AUS is more cost effective than two-stage biomarker-ultrasound screening. The most optimal strategy is an initial screening age at 50 years old with a 2-year inter-screening interval.

Advanced landfill leachate treatment using a two-stage UASB-SBR system at low temperature

A two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket （UASB） and sequencing batch reactor （SBR） system was introduced to treat landfill leachate for advanced removal of COD and nitrogen at low temperature. In order to improve the total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency and to reduce the COD requirement for denitrification, the raw leachate with recycled SBR nitrification supematant was pumped into the first-stage UASB （UASB1） to achieve simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis. The results showed that UASB1 played an important role in COD removal and UASB2 and SBR further enhanced the nutrient removal efficiency. When the organic loading rates of UASB1, UASB2 and SBR were 11.95, 1.63 and 1.29 kg COD/（m^3.day）, respectively, the total COD removal efficiency of the whole system reached 96.7%. The SBR acted as the real undertaker for NH4^＋-N removal due to aerobic nitrification. The system obtained about 99.7% of NH4^＋-N removal efficiency at relatively low temperature （14.9-10.9℃）. More than 98.3% TN was removed through complete denitrification in UASB 1 and SBR. In addition, temperature had a significant effect on the rates of nitrification and denitrification rather than the removal of TN and NH4^＋-N once the complete nitrification and denitrification were achieved.

基于CFD流体模型的摆线机油泵田口DOE设计分析

机油泵作为润滑系统的关键部件,不仅对发动机正常工作有重要影响,也是整机辐射噪声中的典型噪声源。本文使用Pumplinx对某款摆线转子机油建立了CFD模型,并对仿真模型进行了试验校核,确保该流体模型能准确反映机油泵实际工作能力。对机油泵有无卸载槽、间隙组合、含气量、机油粘度和转速等因素进行混合田口DOE设计,制定了18种方案组合,根据流体仿真结果考察分析了各因素水平对高压腔的气体体积分数、出口压力、出口流量和机油泵端面压差的主效应贡献,发现卸载槽设计可降低高压腔压力波动幅值和端面压差,从而可实现降低压力波动引起的机油泵噪声;机油泵的端隙和外转子一腔体间隙存在最优值组合,推荐端隙不大于5丝、外转子一腔体径向间隙不大于10丝,为机油泵的功能设计提供有力的理论指导。其中机油参数(包括含气量、机油黏度等)和工作转速对机油泵的性能有明显影响,分析结果对机油泵的运行边界控制具有一定指导意义。

CO removal by two-stage methanation for polymer electrolyte fuel cell

In order to remove CO to achieve lower CO content of below 10 ppm in the CO removal step of reformer for polymer electrolyte fuel cell （PEFC） co-generation systems, CO preferential methanation under various conditions were studied in this paper. Results showed that, with a single kind of catalyst, it was difficult to reach both CO removal depth and CO2 conversion ratio of below 5%. Thus, a two-stage methanation process applying two kinds of catalysts is proposed in this study, that is, one kind of catalyst with relatively low activity and high selectivity for the first stage at higher temperature, and another kind of catalyst with relatively high activity and high selectivity for the second stage at lower temperature. Experimental results showed that at the first stage CO content was decreased from 1% to below 0.1% at 250-300 ℃, and at the second stage to below 10 ppm at 150-185 ℃. CO2 conversion was kept less than 5%, At the same time, influence of inlet CO content and GHSV on CO removal depth was also discussed in this paper.

Two-stage treatment with hepatectomy and carbon-ion radiotherapy for multiple hepatic epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma(HEH)is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin with variable malignant potential.Because most patients with this condition have multiple bilobar lesions,liver transplantation is the standard treatment,and hepatectomy is much less frequently indicated.We describe a case of a 35-yearold woman with unresectable multiple bilobar HEH successfully treated by combination treatment with hepatectomy and carbon-ion radiotherapy.This case is very meaningful since it demonstrated the effectiveness of carbon-ion radiotherapy for HEH and the possibility of expanding the curative treatment options for multiple bilobar hepatic tumors.

A two-stage optimization method for unmanned aerial vehicle inspection of an oil and gas pipeline network

Oil and gas pipeline networks are a key link in the coordinated development of oil and gas both upstream and downstream.To improve the reliability and safety of the oil and gas pipeline network, inspections are implemented to minimize the risk of leakage, spill and theft, as well as documenting actual incidents. In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles have been recognized as a promising option for inspection due to their high efficiency. However, the integrated optimization of unmanned aerial vehicle inspection for oil and gas pipeline networks, including physical feasibility, the performance of mission, cooperation, real-time implementation and three-dimensional(3-D) space, is a strategic problem due to its large-scale,complexity as well as the need for efficiency. In this work, a novel mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is proposed that takes into account the constraints of the mission scenario and the safety performance of unmanned aerial vehicles. To minimize the total length of the inspection path, the model is solved by a two-stage solution method. Finally, a virtual pipeline network and a practical pipeline network are set as two examples to demonstrate the performance of the optimization schemes. Moreover, compared with the traditional genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm, the self-adaptive genetic simulated annealing algorithm proposed in this paper provides strong stability.