Two-state energy model and experimental study of coal adsorb methane

There are two states of methane existing in coal, free methane and adsorptive methane. The two states of methane exchanged with each other which need the energy exchange with outside. It is released heat when methane adsorption on coal, instead of absorbed heat. According to the gas molecules Boltzmann energy distribution, is obtained the equilibrium equations of the two states of methane in coal, as well as the heat of adsorption equation when exchanged into each other. At the same time, high temperature experiments of methane adsorption on coal have been certificated to the theoretical model. At last the experimental results presented that： the two-state energy model could be accurately described the distribution of the two states of methane in the coal; the adsorption heat is related to the initial equilibrium state of methane adsorption; the adsorption heats are different with different coal ranks.

Effective Two-State Model and NOON States for Double-Well Bose-Einstein Condensates in Strong-Interaction Regime

The model of double-well Bose-Einstein condensates in the strong-interaction regime is shown to reduce adiabatically to an effective two-state model describing the Rabi oscillations between the two atomic Fock states ｜N, 0〉 and [0, N〉, and the NOON states of arbitrary ultracold atoms can therefore be generated periodically from the initial state of either one of the Foek states.

Large Signal Modulation Characteristics in the Transition Regime for Two-State Lasing Quantum Dot Lasers

Large-signal modulation capability, as an important performance indicator, is directly related to the high-speed optical communication technology involved. We experimentally and theoretically investigate the large-signal modulation characteristics of the simultaneous ground-state （GS） and the excited-state （ES） lasing in InAs/OaAs quantum dot laser diodes. The large-signal modulation capability of total light intensity in the transition regime from OS lasing to two-state lasing is unchanged as the bias-current increases. However, GS and ES large-signal eye diagrams show obvious variations during the transition. Relaxation oscillations and large-signal eye diagrams for OS, ES, and total light intensities are numerically simulated and analyzed in detail by using a rate-equation model. The -ndings show that a complementary relationship between the light intensities for OS and ES lasing exists in both the transition regime and the two-state lasing regime, leading to a much smaller overshooting power and a shorter settling time for the total light intensity. Therefore, the eye diagrams of GS or ES lasing are diffuse whereas those of total light intensity are constant as the bias-current increases in the transition regime.

A Deep Two-State Gated Recurrent Unit for Particulate Matter (PM_(2.5)) Concentration Forecasting

Air pollution is a significant problem in modern societies since it has a serious impact on human health and the environment.Particulate Matter(PM_(2.5))is a type of air pollution that contains of interrupted elements with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 m.For risk assessment and epidemiological investigations,a better knowledge of the spatiotemporal variation of PM_(2.5) concentration in a constant space-time area is essential.Conventional spatiotemporal interpolation approaches commonly relying on robust presumption by limiting interpolation algorithms to those with explicit and basic mathematical expression,ignoring a plethora of hidden but crucial manipulating aspects.Many advanced deep learning approaches have been proposed to forecast Particulate Matter(PM_(2.5)).Recurrent neural network(RNN)is one of the popular deep learning architectures which is widely employed in PM_(2.5) concentration forecasting.In this research,we proposed a Two-State Gated Recurrent Unit(TS-GRU)for monitoring and estimating the PM_(2.5) concentration forecasting system.The proposed algorithm is capable of considering both spatial and temporal hidden affecting elements spontaneously.We tested our model using data from daily PM_(2.5) dimensions taken in the contactual southeast area of the United States in 2009.In the studies,three evaluation matrices were utilized to compare the overall performance of each algorithm:Mean Absolute Error(MAE),Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),and Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE).The experimental results revealed that our proposed TS-GRU model outperformed compared to the other deep learning approaches in terms of forecasting performance.

Transfer Matrix Approach for Two-State Scattering Problem with Arbitrary Coupling

The present work deals with the calculation of transition probability between two diabatic potentials coupled by any arbitrary coupling. The method presented in this work is applicable to any type of coupling while for numerical calculations we have assumed the arbitrary coupling as Gaussian coupling. This arbitrary coupling is expressed as a collection of Dirac delta functions and by the use of the transfer matrix technique the transition probability from one diabatic potential to another diabatic potential is calculated. We examine our approach by considering the case of two constant potentials coupled by Gaussian coupling as an arbitrary coupling.

Measurement Problem and Two-State Vector Formalism

In this paper, I show that an interpretation of quantum mechanics using two-state vector formalism proposed by Aharonov, Bergmann, and Lebowitz, can solve one of the measurement problems formulated by Maudlin. According to this interpretation, we can simultaneously insist that the wave function of a system is complete, that the wave function is determined by the Schr?dinger equation, and that the measurement of a physical quantity always has determinate outcomes, although Maudlin in his formulation of the measurement problem states that these three claims are mutually inconsistent. Further, I show that my interpretation does not contradict the uncertainty relation and the no-go theorem.

Einstein Dilemma and Two-State Vector Formalism

In the famous EPR paper published in 1935, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen suggested a thought experiment, which later became known as the “EPR experiment”. Using the EPR experiment, they posited that quantum mechanics was incomplete. Einstein, however, was dissatisfied with the EPR paper and published a second work on the EPR experiment, in which he discussed the dilemma of choosing whether quantum mechanics was incomplete or nonlocal. Currently, most physicists choose the nonlocality of quantum mechanics over Einstein’s choice of the incompleteness of quantum mechanics. However, with an appropriate alternate hypothesis, both of these choices can be rejected. Herein, I demonstrate an approach to overcome the Einstein Dilemma by proposing a new interpretation invoked by a new formalism of quantum mechanics known as two-state vector formalism.

Theoretical Investigation for Two-state Reactivity of CO_2 Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Ru in Gas Phase

Gas-phase CO_2 catalyzed activation hydrogenation by Ru atoms was studied with density functional theory. Based on the structure optimization of different potential energy surfaces,there are two crossing points between singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces and there is a crossing point between quintet and triplet potential energy surfaces in the whole catalytic cycle. Spin transition probabilities in the vicinity of the intersections have been calculated by the Landau-Zener model theory. There are three minimum energy crossing points（MECPs） with strong spin-orbital coupling effect and higher spin transition probability,and all spin inversion occurred in s orbital and different d orbitals of ruthenium,indicating this is a typical two-state reactivity（TSR） reaction. Finally,the lowest energy reaction path is ensured.

二态量子系统准确布居动力学的一类新型相空间表示及其与三角窗函数的关系

二态系统是最简单的且无经典对应的量子系统,对二态系统的同构表示的认识和研究能启发研究人员对其动力学与统计行为的更深刻理解.本文使用在[J.Chem.Phys.145,204105(2016);J.Chem.Phys.151,024105(2019);J.Phys.Chem.Lett.12,2496(2021)]等文章中发展的约束相空间严格理论、非协变相空间函数、含时权重函数与含时归一化因子来构建一类新型量子相空间表示.这类同构表示可以导出二态量子系统布居动力学的准确结果.约束相空间上的轨迹运动方程同构于含时薛定谔方程.每条相空间轨迹对于布居动力学所对应积分表达式的贡献严格半正定。进一步证明了在[J.Chem.Phys.145,144108(2016)]这篇文章中根据经验提出的三角窗函数方法在本质上可以对应于本文的这类新型相空间表示的一个特殊情况,因此同样是二态量子系统准确布居动力学的同构表示.

计及初始荷电状态的含混合储能微电网双层调度研究

针对含混合储能微电网调度中忽略光伏/风电出力波动及荷电状态变化,导致并网波动超限及混合储能内能量调度效率降低等问题,提出一种计及初始荷电状态的双层跟踪调度方法。上层控制通过预测控制模型对微电网内光伏/风电出力进行优化,建立微电网跟踪调度模型。基于上层调度模型,下层控制中确定混合储能调度日的荷电状态初值,应用动态规划算法对混合储能中蓄电池、超级电容的容量进行分配,并将荷电状态变化量反馈至上层预测控制模型,优化并网功率交互。以并网功率波动最小与混合储能系统的荷电状态偏差最小为目标对系统进行仿真实验。实验分析结果表明:采用的控制策略具有并网抑制功能,实现了良好的跟踪调度,兼顾了混合储能内不同储能元件的充放电特性,实现混合储能内功率协调配置。

风险社会条件下行政追偿模式的解析与完善

在国家赔偿与追偿制度的发展过程中,追偿制度的功能发挥不够充分,其规范化程度不足,实践成效未达至理想状态。问题的根源在于对行政追偿性质定位不明,制度功能层面存在认识误区。根据我国行政法的规定,国家赔偿与追偿共同构成双阶层责任分配体系,在制度功能意义上应当实现分阶段运行的国家、公务员和受害人三方主体的利益平衡机制,因而需在整体视域下对两个阶段、三方主体予以系统性观察。目前在国家赔偿的“自己责任说”与“代位责任说”视角下的两种追偿主张均存在某种不足之处,而风险归责视角下的“组织责任说”能克服责任归属平面化、单一化的弊端,依“组织责任说”建构的国家赔偿与追偿的双阶层责任分配体系,通过统合自己责任、代位责任与混合责任,增强了该体系的适应性。从风险分配的视角重新审视过错界定,体现了行政追偿从外部责任向内部责任的转向,但行政追偿权仍然是法律明文授予的单方决定权,并非单纯的内部惩戒权。该项制度的功能在于以矫正正义为宗旨,对前一阶段国家赔偿责任的再分配。

基于两阶段随机二阶锥优化的含大规模新能源电力系统静态安全域分析方法

为保障含大规模新能源电力系统运行能力,提出两阶段随机二阶锥优化的含大规模新能源电力系统静态安全域分析方法。通过含大规模新能源电力系统静态安全域SSSR模型内约束条件求解静态安全域边界有效距离,将优化后SSSR模型内发电机有功功率以及SSSR模型内有效边界距离作为两阶段求解目标,得出有功功率数值接近最优值的最大化有效边界距离,分析SSSR有效边界内基础运作点安全性与安全裕度,获取含大规模新能源电力系统静态安全域。实验说明:该方法可有效应用于电力系统静态安全域分析,当电力系统负荷过大时,其安全域区域变小;当解耦参数数值为12%时,可保障该电力系统静态安全域最优。

国网供应链运营中心两级数据管理体系构建及应用

通过梳理国网供应链运营中心数据管理及其运作的相关工作现状及存在问题,结合两级供应链运营中心运作及其数据管理体系在数据贯通及协同、取数逻辑与业务应用、底表关联与应用开发、数据管理及联动机制以及供应链数据质量管理等方面存在的挑战,提出了国网供应链运营中心数据管理的新思路、新模式、新技术和新场景,系统构建了国网供应链两级数据管理体系,具体涉及生成供应链统一业务数据资产目录、搭建国网两级数据管理及协同治理机制、设计供应链业务数据标准及其模型和开展供应链全过程数据可视化管理,并结合浙江电力“两金一款”业务场景进行了数据管理应用,以期为国网供应链运营中心两级数据管理体系构建提供理论依据及其管理实践提供创新方向。

A Two-Station Passive Locating Solution Independent of the Baseline Length

The two-station positioning system based on time difference and azimuth measurement has measurement redundancy. Therefore, not only can a positioning solution which is completely independent of the baseline length between two stations be derived, but also the baseline length can be solved as an unknown quantity. These findings not only enhance the performance of the two-station positioning system, but also provide a design basis for the construction of a self-organizing dynamic intelligent positioning system.

燃料电池-蓄电池-超级电容动力系统能量管理策略研究

燃料电池的缺点是功率输出疲软,对动态功率加载不能及时做出迅速反应,因此可以采用组合动力源的方式改善。我们采用蓄电池作为辅助能源来储存制动回收的能量,而且嵌入具有高功率密度特性的超级电容。为分配好上述三电源混合动力系统中的功率流,本文以庞特里亚金极小值原理作为基础,制定分别以蓄电池和超级电容的荷电状态为状态变量;蓄电池和超级电容输出功率为控制变量;氢气消耗量为目标函数的能量管理策略。本文通过比较基于PMP和功率跟随两种能量管理策略,得出前者的更优性。

Variability Analysis for a Two-station Queueing Network in Heavy Traffic with Arrival Processes Driven by Queues

The law of the iterated logarithm(LIL)for the performance measures of a two-station queueing network with arrivals modulated by independent queues is developed by a strong approximation method.For convenience,two arrival processes modulated by queues comprise the external system,all others are belong to the internal system.It is well known that the exogenous arrival has a great influence on the asymptotic variability of performance measures in queues.For the considered queueing network in heavy traffic,we get all the LILs for the queue length,workload,busy time,idle time and departure processes,and present them by some simple functions of the primitive data.The LILs tell us some interesting insights,such as,the LILs of busy and idle times are zero and they reflect a small variability around their fluid approximations,the LIL of departure has nothing to do with the arrival process,both of the two phenomena well explain the service station’s situation of being busy all the time.The external system shows us a distinguishing effect on the performance measures:an underloaded(overloaded,critically loaded)external system affects the internal system through its arrival(departure,arrival and departure together).In addition,we also get the strong approximation of the network as an auxiliary result.

非旋波近似下有外加驱动场时二态量子系统的退相干性

采用非旋波近似,讨论了热库中二态量子系统在外加驱动场作用下的退相干性。利用系统的演化酉算符,计算出了二态量子系统的约化密度矩阵非对角矩阵元。结果表明:二态量子系统的量子相干性与其初始状态、热库和外加驱动场的频率、二态量子系统与热库和驱动场的耦合强度等因素有关。确定了外加驱动场与退相干性之间的关系,并得到了外加驱动场的时间演化满足特定条件时,可保持系统的相干性。

量子环上双电子激发态的研究

研究外加电场以及荷电杂质电场对量子环上双电子激发态的影响.结果表明:激发态对含有双电子的量子环中的能谱和持续电流具有控制作用.在某些情况下相邻能级和持续电流的振幅可增至几个数量级.该结论对于设计和研制微器件具有指导意义.

C_3-Symmetric Molecules with Axial Chirality and Handed Arrangement of Dipole Fields

Introduction Chirality is defined as the absence of inversion symmetry,however,it is actually a pseudo-scalar of objects or figures,and does not depend for its definition on any connection to the physical world[1-5]. Logically,chiral molecules may possess other inherent physical quantity that guarantees the connection to the physical world[6,7].

深海拖曳系统自稳定二级拖体姿态控制研究

以具有自主调节功能的二级拖体为例,对其姿态控制进行研究。首先,建立二级拖缆的弹簧-阻尼模型,并在此基础上建立二级深拖系统的数学模型;其次,根据该系统具有非线性和时变性等特点,设计具有参数自修正功能的模糊自适应PID控制器,以实现在不同工况下对二级拖体的姿态进行控制。仿真结果表明:未加载控制器时,海况变化对拖体姿态有显著影响,其俯仰角和横滚角均会发生大范围波动;而加载模糊自适应PID控制器后,拖体通过自主调节能够将姿态波动控制在较小范围,从而满足工作要求,验证了拖缆数学模型的正确性和所采用控制方法的可行性。