Temperature-dependent photoluminescence on organic inorganic metal halide perovskite CH_3NH_3Pb I_(3-)Cl_ prepared on ZnO/FTO substrates using a two-step method

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence characteristics of organic-inorganic halide perovskite CH3NH3Pb I3-xClx films prepared using a two-step method on ZnO/FTO substrates were investigated. Surface morphology and absorption characteristics of the films were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy revealed large crystals and substrate coverage. The orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition temperature was-140 K. The films＇ exciton binding energy was 77.6 ± 10.9 meV and the energy of optical phonons was 38.8 ± 2.5 meV. These results suggest that perovskite CH3NH3Pb I（3-x）Clx films have excellent optoelectronic characteristics which further suggests their potential usage in perovskitebased optoelectronic devices.

Applying the Dynamic Two-Step Method to Forecast Remaining Oil Distribution of Lower Series ,Xiaermen Oilfield

The distribution of remaining oil is often described qualitatively. The remaining oil distributed in the whole reservoir is calculated according to the characteristics of the space distribution of the saturation of remaining oil. Logging data are required to accomplish this. However, many such projects cannot be completed. Since the old study of remaining oil distribution could not be quantified efficiently, the ＂dynamic two-step method＂ is presented. Firstly, the water cut of every flow unit in one well at one time is calculated according to the comprehensive water cut of a single well at one time. Secondly, the remaining oil saturation of the flow unit of the well at one time is calculated based on the water cut of the flow unit at a given time. The results show that ＂dynamic two-step method＂ has characteristics of simplicity and convenience, and is especially suitable for the study of remaining oil distribution at high water-cut stage. The distribution of remaining oil presented banding and potato form, remaining oil was relatively concentrated in faultage neighborhood and imperfect well netting position, and the net thickness of the place was great. This proposal can provide an effective way to forecast remaining oil distribution and enhance oil recovery, especially applied at the high water-cut stage.

PROLIFERATION RATE OF COLONIC NEOPLASMS AND MUCOSA ADJACENT TO NEOPLASMS: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

Biopsy specimens of normal mucosa (n=5). adenomas (n -13), adenocarcinomas (n = 8). mucosa adjacent to adenoma (n=10) mucosa adjacent to adenocarcinoma (n = 7 ) at the large bowel were investigated by an iminunohistochemical method using 5- bromodeoxynldine (BrdUrd) . The labeling index (LI) was significantly lower in normal nucosa than mucosa adjacent to neoplasms and adenomas and adenocarcinomas. The proliferative zone was confined to the lower two- third at the crypt in normal mucosa and in mucosa adjacent to neoplasms. The labeled cells were either present in the upper third or scattered along the crust and in surface epithelium. The results support the adenmo-carcinoma sequence.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF SIXTEEN CASES OF CHORDOMA

Sixteen cases of chordoms were studied with various polycolonal and monoilonal antibodies and ABC technic.such as antibodies S-100 protein, neurou specific enodas(NSE ), lysozyme, α1- AT, Myoglobin, desmin, keratin and cytokeratin. Two embryonic notochords and three chondrosarcomas were studied as control. Most of chordomas revealed positive results with NSE ( 12/16 ). Des ( 12 / 16 ) . α1-AT ( 11/ 16 ), MG( 11/16 ) . S-100( 10 /16)and CK ( 8 / 16 ), while K and Lys were negative in all( 16 )cases. It denotes that chordoma has the potentiality for both mesodermal and ectodermal differentiation. Lys was positive in all 3 chondrosarcomas while the CK was negative. So that Lys can be considered as an useful antibody to distinguish chordoma from chondrosarcoma, and CK is somewhat useful for this differential diagnosis too.

The convergence ball and error analysis of the two-step Secant method

Under the assumption that the nonlinear operator has Lipschitz continuous divided differences for the first order,we obtain an estimate of the radius of the convergence ball for the two-step secant method.Moreover,we also provide an error estimate that matches the convergence order of the two-step secant method.At last,we give an application of the proposed theorem.

A new two-step variational model for multiplicative noise removal with applications to texture images

Multiplicative noise removal problems have attracted much attention in recent years.Unlike additive noise,multiplicative noise destroys almost all information of the original image,especially for texture images.Motivated by the TV-Stokes model,we propose a new two-step variational model to denoise the texture images corrupted by multiplicative noise with a good geometry explanation in this paper.In the first step,we convert the multiplicative denoising problem into an additive one by the logarithm transform and propagate the isophote directions in the tangential field smoothing.Once the isophote directions are constructed,an image is restored to fit the constructed directions in the second step.The existence and uniqueness of the solution to the variational problems are proved.In these two steps,we use the gradient descent method and construct finite difference schemes to solve the problems.Especially,the augmented Lagrangian method and the fast Fourier transform are adopted to accelerate the calculation.Experimental results show that the proposed model can remove the multiplicative noise efficiently and protect the texture well.

Solution of Nonlinear Integro Differential Equations by Two-Step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM)

The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) can be used to solve a wide range of problems and usually gets the solution in a series form. In this paper, we propose two-step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM) for nonlinear integro-differential equations that will facilitate the calculations. In this modification, compared to the standard Adomian decomposition method, the size of calculations was reduced. This modification also avoids computing Adomian polynomials. Numerical results are given to show the efficiency and performance of this method.

Arrhenius relationship and two-step scheme in AF hyperdynamics simulation of diffusion of Mg/Zn interface

The accelerating factor （AF） method is a simple and appropriate way to investigate the atomic long-time deep diffusion at solid-solid interface. In the framework of AF hyperdynamics （HD） simulation, the relationship between the diffusion coefficient along the direction of z-axis which is normal to the Mg/Zn interface and temperature was investigated, and the AF＇s impact on the diffusion constant （D0） and activation energy （Q^＊） was studied. Then, two steps were taken to simulate the atomic diffusion process and the formation of new phases： one for acceleration and the other for equilibration. The results show that： the Arrhenius equation works well for the description of Dz with different accelerating factors; the AF has no effect on the diffusion constant Do in the case of no phase transition; and the relationship between Q＊ and Q conforms to Q^＊=Q/A. Then, the new Arrhenius equation for AFHD is successfully constructed as Dz=Doexp[-Q/（ART）]. Meanwhile, the authentic equilibrium conformations at any dynamic moment can only be reproduced by the equilibration simulation of the HD-simulated configurations. Key words： accelerating factor method; Arrhenius equation; two-steps scheme; Mg/Zn interface; hyperdynamic simulation

A Novel Method of Fabricating a Well-Faceted Large-Crystal Diamond Through MPCVD

A novel method was developed to deposit a large crystal diamond with good facets up to 1000 μm on a tungsten substrate using a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition （MPCVD）. This method consists of two steps, namely single-crystal nucleation and growth. Prior to the fabrication of the well-faceted, large crystal diamond, an investigation was made into the nucleation and growth of the diamond which were affected by the O2 concentration and substrate temperature. Deposited diamond crystals were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the conditions of single-crystal nucleation were appropriate when the ratio of H2/CH4/O2 was about 200/7.0/2.0, while the sub- strate temperature Ts of 1000℃ to 1050℃ was the appropriate range for single-crystal diamond growth. Under the optimum parameters, a well-faeeted large crystal diamond was obtained.

The Research on Biogas Power Generation by Two Step Method

The paper aims to demonstrate the system of SANYI biogas power generation by two-step method which can produce methane and generate electricity effectively and stably.So it can be stable synchronization meshwork energy source establishment and provide references to develop an effective and stable project of producing methane and generating electricity.

In-depth understanding of ionic liquid assisted perovskite film formation mechanism for two-step perovskite photovoltaics

Ionic liquids(ILs)have been widely applied in the one-step fabrication of perovskite with noticeable enhancement in the device performance.However,in-depth mechanism of ionic-liquid-assisted perovskite film formation is not well understood for also important two-step perovskite fabrication method,with better control of crystallization behavior.In this work,we introduced ionic liquid methylammonium formate(MAFa)into organic salt to produce perovskite film via a two-step method.Systematic investigations on the influence of MAFa on the perovskite thin film formation mechanism were performed.Ionic liquid is shown to assist lowering the perovskite formation enthalpy upon the density functional theory(DFT)calculation,leading to an accelerated crystallization process evidenced by in-situ UV-Vis absorption measurement.A gradient up-down distribution of ionic liquid has been confirmed by timeof-flight SIMS.Importantly,besides the surface passivation,we found the HCOO-can diffuse into the perovskite crystals to fill up the halide vacancies,resulting in significant reduction of trap states.Uniform perovskite films with significantly larger grains and less defect density were prepared with the help of MAFa IL,and the corresponding device efficiency over 23%was obtained by two-step process with remarkably improved stability.This research work provides an efficient strategy to tune the morphology and opto-electronic properties of perovskite materials via ionic-liquid-assisted two-step fabrication method,which is beneficial for upscaling and application of perovskite photovoltaics.

A class of twostep continuity Runge-Kutta methods for solving singular delay differential equations and its convergence

An idea of relaxing the effect of delay when computing the Runge-Kutta stages in the current step and a class of two-step continuity Runge-Kutta methods （TSCRK） is presented. Their construction, their order conditions and their convergence are studied. The two-step continuity Runge-Kutta methods possess good numerical stability properties and higher stage-order, and keep the explicit process of computing the Runge-Kutta stages. The numerical experiments show that the TSCRK methods are efficient.

A Remarkable Chord Iterative Method for Roots of Uncertain Multiplicity

In this note we at first briefly review iterative methods for effectively approaching a root of an unknown multiplicity. We describe a first order, then a second order estimate for the multiplicity index m of the approached root. Next we present a second order, two-step method for iteratively nearing a root of an unknown multiplicity. Subsequently, we introduce a novel chord, or a two- step method, not requiring beforehand knowledge of the multiplicity index m of the sought root, nor requiring higher order derivatives of the equilibrium function, which is quadratically convergent for any , and then reverts to superlinear.

Explicit solutions to some nonlinear physical models by a two-step ansatz

Explicit solutions are derived for some nonlinear physical model equations by using a delicate way of two-step ansatz method.

General Convergence Analysis for Three-step Projection Methods and Applications to Variational Problems

First a general model for a three-step projection method is introduced, and second it has been applied to the approximation solvability of a system of nonlinear variational inequality problems in a Hilbert space setting. Let H be a real Hilbert space and K be a nonempty closed convex subset of H. For arbitrarily chosen initial points x0, y0, z0 ∈ K, compute sequences xn, yn, zn such thatT ： K→ H is a nonlinear mapping onto K. At last three-step models are applied to some variational inequality problems.

基于免疫组化SP法检测AEG-1在不同分化程度和分期的卵巢癌患者中的阳性表达及病理特点

目的探讨基于免疫组化链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶连结(SP)法检测星形胶质细胞上调基因-1(AEG-1)在不同分化程度和分期的卵巢癌患者中的阳性表达及病理特点。方法选取2018年10月至2023年1月哈尔滨医科大学附属第三医院收治的97例卵巢癌患者作为研究对象,所有患者均行手术切除治疗,并经过病理检查确诊。采用免疫组化SP法检测卵巢病变组织肿瘤中的AEG-1表达情况,分析AEG-1阳性表达情况、染色强度评分、病理特点。结果染色强度评分为(3.14±0.76)分。卵巢癌组织中AEG-1阳性表达率为83.51%,AEG-1阳性信号未出现在肿瘤周边正常卵巢组织。黏液性卵巢癌和卵巢浆液性囊腺癌患者卵巢癌组织中AEG-1阳性表达率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。卵巢癌患者国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)各分期、淋巴结有无转移的阳性表达比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);卵巢癌患者年龄、各分化程度阳性表达率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论AEG-1会促进卵巢癌的发生、发展,其可用于判断卵巢癌的恶性程度、疾病进展情况。

垂体泌乳素瘤患者组织NR2C2、EMMPRIN水平变化及其与肿瘤侵袭性、临床预后的关系探讨

目的探讨垂体泌乳素瘤组织中核受体亚家族2c成员2(NR2C2)和细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(EMMPRIN)的水平变化及其与肿瘤侵袭性、临床预后的关系。方法选择2019年6月—2021年6月本院收治的78例垂体泌乳素瘤患者为研究对象,患者均行手术切除,术后随访时间1年。采用免疫组化法检测NR2C2和EMMPRIN表达情况,对比癌组织、癌旁组织中NR2C2和EMMPRIN表达,分析垂体泌乳素瘤患者癌组织中NR2C2和EMMPRIN表达情况与临床病理参数的关系,分析影响垂体泌乳素瘤患者预后的因素。结果癌组织中NR2C2阳性表达率高于癌旁组织(P<0.05),EMMPRIN阳性表达率低于癌旁组织(P<0.05),NR2C2、EMMPRIN表达均是预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05);受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析显示,垂体泌乳素瘤组织NR2C2、EMMPRIN两者联合预测垂体泌乳素瘤患者预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.886,高于NR2C2、EMMPRIN单独预测的AUC(Z=5.245,P=0.014;Z=3.652,P=0.028)。结论垂体泌乳素瘤患者癌组织中NR2C2和EMMPRIN表达与肿瘤侵袭性、临床预后有关,NR2C2阳性患者预后不良风险高。

Myc诱导的核抗原53在胆囊癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨Myc诱导的核抗原53(Mina53)在胆囊癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测62例胆囊癌手术患者胆囊癌组织及癌旁组织中Mina53的表达情况,比较胆囊癌组织和癌旁组织以及不同临床特征胆囊癌患者胆囊癌组织中Mina53的表达情况。结果62例胆囊癌组织中,Mina53阳性49例,阴性13例;62例癌旁组织中,Mina53阳性2例,阴性60例。Mina53在胆囊癌组织中的阳性表达率为79.03%,高于癌旁组织的3.23%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。不同浸润深度、淋巴结转移情况、肝脏转移情况、分化程度、TNM分期、神经侵犯情况、脉管侵犯情况胆囊癌患者胆囊癌组织中Mina53的阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论Mina53在胆囊癌组织中呈特异性高表达,并且其表达情况与浸润深度、分化程度、淋巴结转移情况、肝脏转移情况、TNM分期、神经侵犯情况、脉管侵犯情况有关。

CD26/二肽基肽酶4与甲状腺乳头状癌的相关性研究进展

随着近年来甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)发病率的不断上升,寻找PTC诊断和预后的指标迫在眉睫。目前国内外多数CD26/二肽基肽酶4(DPP4)与PTC关系的研究均显示,CD26/DPP4在PTC组织中高表达,但是否与淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径、肿瘤分期等因素呈正相关仍不明确。既往研究存在实验方法局限、地域局限、选定病例类型粗略等的问题。因此,基于目前CD26/DPP4与PTC关系的研究现状,本研究通过检索大量文献,对国内外部分学者的相关文献进行了梳理和总结,以明确对CD26/DPP4与PTC的关系,为寻找PTC诊断和预后指标提供借鉴。

鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子1与厚体1在胃癌发生发展及转移过程中的作用研究

目的检测鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子1(Vav1)、厚体1(Dkk1)在胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达水平,探讨Vav1和Dkk1在胃癌发生发展及转移过程中的作用及临床价值。方法选取2020年6月至2022年6月于内蒙古科技大学包头医学院第一附属医院外科行胃癌根治术且经过病理确诊的57例胃癌患者作为研究对象,收集患者胃癌组织、癌旁组织(癌组织边缘5 cm)各57份。应用免疫组化法检测Vav1和Dkk1在胃癌及癌旁组织中的表达,分析胃癌中Vav1与Dkk1阳性表达率的相关性,不同临床病理特征与Vav1和Dkk1表达情况的关系,ROC曲线分析Vav1和Dkk1在胃癌中的诊断价值。结果胃癌组织中Vav1和Dkk1的阳性表达均高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Vav1和Dkk1在癌旁组织很少表达,Vav1和Dkk1在胃癌组织中表达于细胞质,镜下可见胞质中散在黄色或黄褐色染色的颗粒。Vav1阳性与阴性患者肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、分化程度比较差异无统计学意义。Dkk1阳性与阴性患者分化程度、肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移和肿瘤直径比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),性别、年龄、肿瘤部位比较差异无统计学意义。胃癌中Vav1与Dkk1阳性表达率呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05)。Vav1和Dkk1的AUC分别为0.952和0.857,对胃癌的诊断效能均较理想。结论Vav1、Dkk1在胃癌中的表达呈正相关。Vav1和Dkk1在胃癌发生发展及转移过程中起重要作用,Vav1、Dkk1特异性靶向药物有望为胃癌有效治疗提供新思路。