Effects of Different Sample Parts and Sterilization Methods on Contamination and Survival Rates of Shoots with Buds in Chinese Chestnut

In this study,we investigated the preferable explant types and sterilization method for tissue culture in Chinese chestnut,in order to provide a technical support for the asexual reproduction of Chinese chestnut.The base,middle and apex parts of annual shoots with buds in Chinese chestnut were sampled and cut to 2-3 cm stem segments each with one bud,then sterilized orderly with different duration in 2%NaClO plus 0.1%HgCl_(2)solutions.The results indicated that the duration of 2%NaClO for 20 min+0.1%HgCl_(2)for 15 min exerted an effective disinfection property on the middle parts of annual shoots with buds,and achieved a contamination rate under 5%and a survival rate over 90%.

A new two-step variational model for multiplicative noise removal with applications to texture images

Multiplicative noise removal problems have attracted much attention in recent years.Unlike additive noise,multiplicative noise destroys almost all information of the original image,especially for texture images.Motivated by the TV-Stokes model,we propose a new two-step variational model to denoise the texture images corrupted by multiplicative noise with a good geometry explanation in this paper.In the first step,we convert the multiplicative denoising problem into an additive one by the logarithm transform and propagate the isophote directions in the tangential field smoothing.Once the isophote directions are constructed,an image is restored to fit the constructed directions in the second step.The existence and uniqueness of the solution to the variational problems are proved.In these two steps,we use the gradient descent method and construct finite difference schemes to solve the problems.Especially,the augmented Lagrangian method and the fast Fourier transform are adopted to accelerate the calculation.Experimental results show that the proposed model can remove the multiplicative noise efficiently and protect the texture well.

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence on organic inorganic metal halide perovskite CH_3NH_3Pb I_(3-)Cl_ prepared on ZnO/FTO substrates using a two-step method

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence characteristics of organic-inorganic halide perovskite CH3NH3Pb I3-xClx films prepared using a two-step method on ZnO/FTO substrates were investigated. Surface morphology and absorption characteristics of the films were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy revealed large crystals and substrate coverage. The orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition temperature was-140 K. The films＇ exciton binding energy was 77.6 ± 10.9 meV and the energy of optical phonons was 38.8 ± 2.5 meV. These results suggest that perovskite CH3NH3Pb I（3-x）Clx films have excellent optoelectronic characteristics which further suggests their potential usage in perovskitebased optoelectronic devices.

Applying the Dynamic Two-Step Method to Forecast Remaining Oil Distribution of Lower Series ,Xiaermen Oilfield

The distribution of remaining oil is often described qualitatively. The remaining oil distributed in the whole reservoir is calculated according to the characteristics of the space distribution of the saturation of remaining oil. Logging data are required to accomplish this. However, many such projects cannot be completed. Since the old study of remaining oil distribution could not be quantified efficiently, the ＂dynamic two-step method＂ is presented. Firstly, the water cut of every flow unit in one well at one time is calculated according to the comprehensive water cut of a single well at one time. Secondly, the remaining oil saturation of the flow unit of the well at one time is calculated based on the water cut of the flow unit at a given time. The results show that ＂dynamic two-step method＂ has characteristics of simplicity and convenience, and is especially suitable for the study of remaining oil distribution at high water-cut stage. The distribution of remaining oil presented banding and potato form, remaining oil was relatively concentrated in faultage neighborhood and imperfect well netting position, and the net thickness of the place was great. This proposal can provide an effective way to forecast remaining oil distribution and enhance oil recovery, especially applied at the high water-cut stage.

Study on Surface Sterilization Method for Tissue Culture of Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.) Bunge Seeds

[ Objective ] The aim was to select appropriate sterilization methods and explants for tissue culture of Haloxylon ammodendron （ C. A. Mey. ）. [Method] H. ammodendron （C. A. Mey. ） seeds were used as experimental materials to investigate the sterilization results of different sterilization treatments and the effect of different seed sizes on the survival rate of aseptic seedlings. [ Result] Sterilization of H. ammodendron （ C.A. Mey. ） seeds achieved the best result by using 75% alcohol for 15 min and 0.1% mercuric chloride for 8 min. Seeds with diameter φ 〉 2.0 mm were used as explants and achieved relatively high surviv- al rate of aseptic seedlings, which reached above 65%. [ Conclusion] This study established a surface sterilization method for tissue culture of H. ammodendron （ C. A. Mey. ） Bunge seeds.

The convergence ball and error analysis of the two-step Secant method

Under the assumption that the nonlinear operator has Lipschitz continuous divided differences for the first order,we obtain an estimate of the radius of the convergence ball for the two-step secant method.Moreover,we also provide an error estimate that matches the convergence order of the two-step secant method.At last,we give an application of the proposed theorem.

Study on Sterilization Method of Endophytic Fungi in Tall Fescue(Festuca arundinacea)and Ryegrass(Lolium perenne)Seeds

[Objectives]This study was conducted to obtain the best solution for sterilizing tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea)and ryegrass(Lolium perenne)seeds by heating in a water bath for a short time.[Methods]The tall fescue and ryegrass seeds infected with endophytic fungi were sterilized by heating in a water bath to compare seed germination and initial growth of turfgrass seedlings under different treatment time.[Results]Sterilization in a 60℃water bath for 20 and 30 min both inhibited the germination of tall fescue and ryegrass seeds,while the 20 min treatment did not significantly affect the lengths of stems,leaves and roots of seedlings.The 20 min water bath sterilization treatment had no effects on the plant heights and biomass of the two turfgrass seedlings and the tiller number of ryegrass,but sterilization for 30 min significantly reduced the aboveground and total biomass of seedlings and the tiller number of ryegrass.[Conclusions]Sterilization in a water bath at 60℃ for 20 min achieved rapid sterilization in a short time,without significantly negatively affecting the growth of seedlings.

Nonsurgical method of female sterilization in china

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Solution of Nonlinear Integro Differential Equations by Two-Step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM)

The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) can be used to solve a wide range of problems and usually gets the solution in a series form. In this paper, we propose two-step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM) for nonlinear integro-differential equations that will facilitate the calculations. In this modification, compared to the standard Adomian decomposition method, the size of calculations was reduced. This modification also avoids computing Adomian polynomials. Numerical results are given to show the efficiency and performance of this method.

不同灭菌方式下的原料乳对自制酸奶品质的影响

自制酸奶具有制作方法简单、无添加剂等优势,但消费者对于自制酸奶原料乳的选择仍处于茫然阶段。结合感官评价和质构分析探讨不同灭菌方式下的原料乳对自制酸奶感官品质、质构特征的影响,发现以超高温灭菌乳为原料制得酸奶的感官品质优于巴氏杀菌乳所制得的酸奶。

3种灭菌方式对磁外科器件磁通量的影响及灭菌成本分析

目的 分析压力蒸汽、低温等离子及环氧乙烷3种灭菌方式对磁外科器件磁通量的影响及其灭菌成本。方法234件不同规格型号磁外科器件-磁环,配对编号标记后随机分为A组、B组和C组,每组78件(39对),其中A组使用压力蒸汽灭菌,B组使用低温等离子灭菌,C组使用环氧乙烷灭菌,每对器件按灭菌规范进行包装;测量3组磁环灭菌前后磁通量,对单包灭菌成本和灭菌时间比较分析。结果 3种灭菌方式对磁外科器件磁通量的影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),每种灭菌方式灭菌前后的磁通量有统计学差异(P<0.001);灭菌成本:A组为(1.96±0.16)元,B组(23.17±0.32)元、C组(8.16±0.18)元,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);灭菌时间:A组为(65.21±3.36)min, B组(45.46±1.39)min, C组(1 020.38±12.21)min,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 3种灭菌方式对磁外科器件的磁通量没有影响。压力蒸汽灭菌法单包成本最低,低温等离子单包灭菌成本最高,环氧乙烷灭菌时间最长。压力蒸汽应为磁外科手术器件的首选灭菌方法。

医院过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌质量评价指标体系构建

目的构建系统、规范的过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌质量评价指标体系,为科学评价其灭菌效果提供参考。方法以三维质量评价模型为理论框架,通过文献回顾、理论分析、小组讨论法制订过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌质量评价指标体系初稿,采用德尔菲法对全国15名消毒供应、感染防控、设备管理等相关领域专家进行2轮函询,并运用层次分析法确定指标权重。结果2轮函询问卷有效回收率分别为88%、100%,专家权威系数分别为0.940、0.960,肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.166、0.236(均P<0.001)。最终确定的医院过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌质量评价指标体系包括3项一级指标、11项二级指标、52项三级指标。结论构建的过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌质量评价指标内容科学、全面、实用,具有针对性,可为过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌质量评价提供理论参考。

量化积分绩效分配模式在消毒供应中心工勤人员中的应用研究

目的探讨量化积分在消毒供应中心工勤人员绩效分配中的应用效果,为消毒供应中心提供一种有效的绩效分配方法。方法采用前-后对照研究方法,选取2020年1月至12月本院消毒供应中心绩效分配模式为对照组,选取2021年1月至12月本院消毒供应中心绩效分配模式为试验组。对照组采用按工勤人员工龄绩效分配模式,试验组采用量化积分绩效分配模式,即从技术层级、工作质量、工作效率、工作量方面实施量化绩效分配模式。比较改进前后两组工勤人员工作效率、工作质量缺陷发生率(包装器械缺失、器械种类错误、包装标识错误、收送物品错误、信息系统操作错误)、临床科室满意度情况。结果实施量化积分绩效分配模式后,试验组工勤人员工作效率和临床科室满意度均高于对照组,工作缺陷发生率低于对照组,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论量化积分绩效分配模式在消毒供应中心工勤人员中的应用,能够提高工勤人员的工作能动性,提高工作效率和工作质量。

抗生素类药品无菌检查方法研究进展

无菌检查法是无菌药品检查的法定检验方法,其中薄膜过滤法因易操作、风险低和准确度高等优点比直接接种法应用更广泛。无菌药品剂型种类繁多,其中抗生素类药品因品种结构多变、抑菌性强和抗菌谱广等因素,一直以来是建立无菌检查方法的难点。本文就薄膜过滤法中的溶解、过滤、冲洗和培养等4个关键步骤展开讨论,通过对已建立的13类47个品种共61个抗生素药品无菌检查方法的综述,探讨建立无菌检查方法的基本策略,并对无菌检查方法和结果的局限性进行讨论,以期为建立抗生素类无菌药品无菌检查方法及正确认识无菌检查结果提供思路和参考。

杀菌机启车快速升温的方法及注意事项

管式杀菌机循环水的路径较长,生产前为了达到快速升温对设备杀菌消毒清洗的目的,只对加热升温段加热升温,往往在生产工艺流程上对加热循环水进行节流短路的设计,本文就此进行阐述。

Arrhenius relationship and two-step scheme in AF hyperdynamics simulation of diffusion of Mg/Zn interface

The accelerating factor （AF） method is a simple and appropriate way to investigate the atomic long-time deep diffusion at solid-solid interface. In the framework of AF hyperdynamics （HD） simulation, the relationship between the diffusion coefficient along the direction of z-axis which is normal to the Mg/Zn interface and temperature was investigated, and the AF＇s impact on the diffusion constant （D0） and activation energy （Q^＊） was studied. Then, two steps were taken to simulate the atomic diffusion process and the formation of new phases： one for acceleration and the other for equilibration. The results show that： the Arrhenius equation works well for the description of Dz with different accelerating factors; the AF has no effect on the diffusion constant Do in the case of no phase transition; and the relationship between Q＊ and Q conforms to Q^＊=Q/A. Then, the new Arrhenius equation for AFHD is successfully constructed as Dz=Doexp[-Q/（ART）]. Meanwhile, the authentic equilibrium conformations at any dynamic moment can only be reproduced by the equilibration simulation of the HD-simulated configurations. Key words： accelerating factor method; Arrhenius equation; two-steps scheme; Mg/Zn interface; hyperdynamic simulation

酱大排杀菌条件及冷藏过程品质变化的研究

目的研究酱大排的杀菌条件与冷藏过程中的品质变化,解决酱大排保藏困难、容易变质的难题。方法通过测定低温条件下的杀菌曲线及杀菌强度(F值),研究不同杀菌条件对酱大排微生物、质构、色泽、感官的影响,为酱大排选择最合适的低强度灭菌方案并分析了冷藏过程中的品质变化。结果依据85、90、95、100℃下的灭菌曲线,选择F值为5、6、8 min,保温实验表明3种F值的产品均未胀袋,但5 min、6 min下的菌落总数超出安全范围,货架期较短,选择F=8 min。对采用不同的杀菌时间温度组合进行灭菌的产品进行了色泽、质构及感官指标的分析,发现色泽在95℃的灭菌温度下指标较好,而质构在95~100℃的灭菌温度下均较好,且消费者对于95℃的灭菌温度下喜好度较高,因此确定选择95℃、23min的灭菌条件。在4℃冷藏过程中,相比于普通包装,真空包装能够有效减缓品质劣化,并且具有较高的感官评分。结论选择F=8min,95℃、23 min杀菌条件结合真空包装,可以延长酱大排的冷藏货架期并保持较好的品质。

生态环境视域下基层医院医疗废物处理研究

医疗废物含有大量的病毒、致病微生物以及化学药剂等,若直接排放对生态环境污染性大。因此,文章研究一种生态环境视域下基层医院医疗废物处理方法。该方法采用高温高压蒸汽灭菌与热解气化联合技术,对医疗废物进行前处理和深度处理。通过此法,废物中的病毒、致病微生物及化学药剂得到有效消减。研究结果表明,处理后二噁英含量显著降低,符合国家标准,杀菌率高达90%以上。这不仅验证了联合处理技术的有效性,也显示了对生态环境的保护作用。此方法为基层医院处理医疗废物提供了新的解决方案,有助于减少环境污染,促进生态平衡。

不同溶液取用方法对溶液无菌状态及喷溅范围的影响

目的:探讨无菌溶液取用时不同倾倒方式、倾倒高度对溶液无菌状态和喷溅范围的影响。方法:观察倾倒无菌溶液前冲洗、消毒瓶口是否会改变溶液的无菌状态;观察常规倾倒和垂直倾倒所需时间;常规倾倒及垂直倾倒不同倾倒方法及距离无菌容器5、10、15、20 cm高度的喷溅范围。结果:倾倒前是否消毒、冲洗瓶口溶液细菌培养结果均无细菌生长;垂直倾倒所用时间较常规倾倒缩短,两种方法比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两种倾倒方式,距离无菌容器5、10、15 cm高度倾倒溶液时不同直径、距中心不同距离飞沫数量比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:手术过程中需用无菌溶液时,为保证无菌操作,减少喷溅产生的污染,建议采用常规倾倒方式,且倾倒高度距离无菌容器10~15 cm。

基于Kano-DEMATEL的高端母婴台式消毒柜设计研究

为了厘清高端母婴台式消毒柜用户的复杂需求,探明各项需求要素间的影响关系,从而建构出可视化的需求迭代模型,提升用户满意度和产品竞争力,并形成高端母婴台式消毒柜的可行性设计方案。首先搜集归纳用户对产品的可行性需求;然后使用Kano模型进行需求归类,并计算重要度作出初始排序;结合DEMATEL方法与专家决策计算各类需求间的综合影响矩阵,并计算需求在INRM图中的坐标;最后将最优关键需求转化成可行性设计方案,并通过经验性评估实现了设计评价的闭环。高端母婴台式消毒柜的研发中应优先满足核心需求中的消毒彻底性、优良的碗架材质和触控屏显示模式;其次是驱动需求中的面板质感和空间容量;远程控制需求也不能忽视。结果表明,将Kano模型与DEMATEL方法整合可在家电产品设计中洞察用户需求间的复杂关系,为企业产品开发提供策略支持。